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RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

No. 305 Dearborn Street
CHICAGO

BRUCE V. CRANDALL CHARLES S. MEYERS WARREN EDWARDS

President Vice President Manager

M. H. Haig\ Editor O. W. BODLER, Secretary

Index to Volume XXVIII.

January to December,, 1904

Issue. . Pages.

January 1 to 36

February 37 to 72

March 73 to 108

Issue. Pages.

April 109 to 144

May 145 to 180

June 181 to 224

Issue. Pages.

July 225 to 312

August 313 to 348

September 349 to 380

Issue. Pages.

October. 381 to 452

November 453 to 484

December 485 to 516

Illustrated Articles Indicated by Asterisk

Address of President Brazier Before M. C. B. Association. 285
Address of President Lewis Before M. M. Association... 305
Address of Mr. H. H. Vreeland Before M.. C. B. Associa-
tion . 284

*Adjustable Reamers 166

*Air Brake Hose Testing Apparatus— N. & W. By 113

*American Locomotive Company— Improvements at Sche-
nectady Works 19

American Railway Master Mechanic's Association— Com-
mittee on Subjects 60

American Railway Master Mechanic's Association— Re-
port of Thirty-seventh Annual Convention 255

American Railway Master Mechanic's Association — Re-
ports of Committees and Individual Papers 288

American Semi-plug Piston Valve 273

American Society of Mechanical Engineers 17-261

*Amew Spring Stop Cock 269

♦Andrews, M. C— Oldest Living Master Car Builder 264

Apprentices . 211

Apprentices— the Training of— By John B. Phillips 351

*Arch Bar Drill 165

♦Armstrong Bros.' Exhibit, World's Fair 478

♦Armstrong Tool Holders 101

*A., T. & S. F. Ry.— Coal and Water Tests of Freight Lo-
comotives 7

♦Automatic Band Rip Saw... 138

♦Automatic Car Ventilator 65

"Automatic Double Car Tenoue- 408

♦Automatic Friction Board Lift Drop Hammer 68

♦Automatic Air Discharge for Refuse Water 499

♦Bancroft, William H., General Manager of the Union

Pacific Railroad 74

♦Barrett Geared Ratchet Lever Jack 67

♦Belt Management 510

♦Bettendorf Steel Truck 267

♦Bodler, 0. W., on Electric Wiring of Machine Tools Ill

♦Boiler Design — Report to M. M. Association 288

♦Boring Tool Holder for Lathe Work 268

*B. & 0. Ry.— Mallet Articulated Compound Locomotive. . 206

♦Bowes Patent Hose Coupling 476

Brazier, Address of President before M. C. B. Association 285

Burke, John, on Economical Distribution of Scrap 10

♦Bushing Pipe Plates 63

♦C. & A. Ry.— Heavy Passenger Locomotive. 338

♦Cafe-Parlor Car— C. G. W. Ry 26

♦Car Brass Boring Machine 475

♦Car, 100,000 lbs. Capacity— C, M. & St. P. Ry •. 41

♦Car, 80,000 lbs. Capacity, Steel Underframe Box— Illinois

Central Railroad 487

♦Car, Cafe-Parlor— C. G. W. Ry 26

♦Car, Combination Stock and Grain 274

♦Car, Convertible Sleeping and Parlor for Electric Railway 55
♦Car, Dynamometer— International Correspondence Schools 333
♦Cars for the Milwaukee Refrigerating Transit Company. 124

♦Car Heating and Lighting 103

♦Car, Vanderbilt 100.000 lbs. Capacity, Steel Flat 210

Care of Locomotive Boilers — Rules of Instruction 162

*C'ast Iron Wheels 282

*C, B. & Q By.— Balanced Compound Locomotive.. 328

♦C. & E. I. Ry. Shops at Danville 185, 315

♦C. G. W. Ry.— Cafe-Parlor Car 26

♦Chaser Grinder 269

♦Cinder Pit— Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. . 164

*Clearance Eeducing Valve Mechanism and Cylinder 366

♦Cleveland Pressed Steel Car Lines . .. 173

♦Cleveland Punching Machine 60

*C., M. & St. P. Ey. Shop Improvements at West Mil-
waukee 47, 75

♦C., M. & St. P. By.— 100,000 lbs Capacity Car. 41

♦Coal and Water Tests of Freight Locomotives— A., T. &

S. F. Ey ........ 7

♦Columbia Lock Nut 275

Combination Stock and Grain Car 274

Combustion, or the Source of Energy in the Locomotive. 501
Cost of Locomotive Repair Shops— Report to M. M. Asso-
ciation ............ 292

♦Comparative Trials of Locomotives Using Saturated and

Superheated Steam ; 505

*C & O. Ry.— Locomotive, Freight ..... 21

♦Crank Pins, a Gauge for Setting 123

C, B. I. & P. Ry.— Opening of Line Between Kansas City
and St. Louis 357

♦Crown Brass— Device for Planing 163

♦Cushions 507

♦Cutting Key ways on Driving Axles— I. C. Hicks 460

*De Glenn Compound Locomotive— G. W. Ry. (England) . . 44

♦Device for Grinding Piston Rods -.-■ 19

♦Device for Holding Drill Press Work 217

♦Device for Locating Gauge Cocks 120

♦Diaphragms 170

♦Dickinson Adjustable Smoke-jack 266

Distribution of Scrap 123

D. & H. to Use Electric Power 465

*Drafting Room — Kink for the. 464

♦Driving Wheel Drop Table— Southern Railway . 160

♦Drop Forgings -. • • • • • 15 ^

♦Dynamometer Car of the International Correspondence

Schools ••••-.• 333

Economical Distribution of Scrap 10

♦Electric Locomotive for the N. Y. C. & H. R '. . . 340

Electric Plant for Railroad Shops 159

♦Electric Wiring of Machine Tools Ill

♦Equalizing Truck for Freight Cars 215

♦Expanding Mandrel 275

Farlow Draft Rigging 275, 508

♦Fitch, Charles H., on Railroad Shop Tools 23, 51, 91, 125

♦Floorer— A New' Style , 509

♦Galvanized Iron and Steel Sheets 269

♦Garrett Interlocking Draft Arm 276

♦Gas Engine — A New Design 477

♦Gauge Cocks — Device for Locating 120

Grates for Bituminous Coal — Paper Before M. M. Associ-
ation : 303

♦Gray, C. R. — General Manager, S. Louis & San Francisco

By. . .... 382

♦Green Pneumatic Hammer 276

♦Green River Bolt Cutter ■. 220

♦G. S. & F. Ry— Standard Front End Arrangement...... 157

♦Handy Journal Jack Block .....: 33

♦Hardening and Annealing Furnace. ........... ^ 170

♦Hayes Electric Drill 276

♦Hess Milling Machine :t 137

♦Higgins, Samuel— General Manager of the New York,

New Haven & Hartford Railway .....;. 110

♦Holmes Metallic Packing .:..'. .'. :.■: .-'/. ... .... . .410, 102

♦Hydraulic Driving Brass Press 158

♦Hydraulic Piston Puller 463

♦Illinois Central — 80,000 lbs. Capacity Steel Underframe

Box Car 487

Improved Tool Steels— Beport to M. M. Association 302

♦Improvements at the Schenectady W T orks of the Ameri-
can Locomotive Company : 19

Injectors 202, 336

♦Inside Braces for Flat Bottom Gondola Cars 82

♦Inspection Engine— D. & H 467

Kleinans, Frank B., on Piping for Hydraulic Machinery. 81
Lewis— Address of President before M. M. Association.. 305
♦Link Radius Grinding Machine of the West Milwaukee

Shops— C, M. & St. P. Ry 464

♦Locomotive, Balanced Compound— C, B. & Q. By 328

♦Locomotive and Machine Co. of Montreal, Limited 507

Locomotive Boilers 198

♦Locomotive Boiler Design 331, 154, 194

♦Locomotive, Consolidation Freight— Canadian Pacific By. 461
♦Locomotive, Deglehn Compound— G. W. Ry. (England) . . 44

♦Locomotive, Electric for the N. Y. C. & H. R. Ey 340

♦Locomotive, Electric for the P. & E. 500

♦Locomotive, Four-Cylinder Balanced Compond— N. Y. C.

& H. E. By 199

♦Locomotive, Freight— C. & O. Ey 21

♦Locomotive, Freight— N. Y. C. & H. E. Ey 98

♦Locomotive, Freight— Southern Eailway 121

♦Locomotive Frames— Beport to M. M. Association 296

♦Locomotive, Heavy Freight— L. S. & M. S. By 12

♦Locomotive, Heavy Passenger— C. & A. Ey 338

♦Locomotive — High Speed Three-Cylinder Compound Ger-
man 358

♦Locomotive, Mallet Articulated Compound— B. & O. Ey.. 206

♦Locomotive Passenger, Union Pacific Eailway 130

♦Locomotive Proportions, Trend of 4, 39

♦Locomotive, Ten-W T heel Passenger— C, B. & Q. Lines West 402
Locomotive Testing at the St. Louis Exposition — Bulletin

No. 3 342

♦Locomotive Testing Plant at the Louisiana Exposition.. 212

♦L. S. & M. S. By.— Heavy Freight Locomotive 12

♦Maher, N. D— General Manager of the Norfolk & Western

Eailway 214

♦Marked Advance in Locomotive Boiler Maintenance 467

Master Car Builders' Association — Abstract of Committee

Beports and Individual Papers. 279

♦M. C. B. Association— Beport of Tank Car Committee... 362
Master Car Builders' Association — Beport of Thirty-
eighth Annual Convention 250

M. M. & M. C. B. Associations: Should They Consoli-
date? ...... .383', 459

M. M. & M. C. B. Associations— Eesults of Letter Ballot. . 463
Master Steam Boiler Makers' Association— Third Annual

Convention 403

♦McGuire-Cummings Grain Door 276

♦McCord Journal Box , 64

♦McKeen, Benjamin — General Manager of the Vandalia

Line 38

♦Metal Saw Cutting-off Machines, 31

*Mica Metallic Packing 271

Mica Metallic Paint 409

♦Miller, H. I.— General Manager C, E. I. & P. Ey 350

♦Modern Blacksmith Shop for Railroad Work— A. W. Mc-

Caslin 472

' Moodie, D. E., on Distribution of Scrap 123

National Railroad Master Blacksmiths' Association-
Annual Convention , t , .•.•.■.■.-.•.• j.. 364

♦N. Y. C. & H. R. Ry.— Electric Locomotive* 340

♦N. Y. C. & H. R. Ry.— Four-Cylinder Balanced Compound

Locomotive ; ;;..'.'.'.'.;.......- 199

*N. Y. C. & H. R. Ry— Simple Freight Locomotive 98

*Oil Cup and Swab 11

* Oldest Living Master Car Builder— M. C. Andrews 264

Ormsby, W. R., on the Handling of Scrap 58

*Paint Plants for Railroads. 271

Pennsylvania Railroad Testing Laboratory at St. Louis
Exposition— Bulletin No. 1 28

*Pintsch Side Lights for Suburban Coaches 219

Piping for Hydraulic Machinery 81

*Plain Radial Drill , . , , 167

* Pneumatic Hammer for Boiler Shop 90

*Porteous Injector 66

Power Required to Drive Machine Tools 96

Preventive of Rust of Steel Cars 279

Prices for Repairs to Steel Cars 284

*Railroad Shop Tools 23, 51, 91, 125

Railroading as Viewed by a Railroader 3

*Railway Club, Western 57

^Railway Officials Who Received Their Training in the Mo-
tive Power Department 182

Randolph, L. F., on Modern Locomotive Boilers 198

Railway Mechanical Training as Viewed by a Technical

Graduate 489

*Renewal of Car Department of Portsmouth Shops— Sea-
board Air Line 86

*Repairs to 9%-in. Air Pumps 162

*Reversible Ratchet AVrench 63

*Revolving Racks 218

Rexoid Roofing 410

*Riveting Machine with Special Universal Bail 219

^Robertson, Alexander — General Manager of the Terminal

Railroad Association of St. Louis 146

*Roofing 218

Rough Switching 390

*Ruth Flue Machine t 136

Scrap Handling 58

Scrap— Economical Distribution of 10

*S. A. L. Ry.— Renewal of Car Department at Portsmouth

Shops 86

*Secor Gas Engine 32

*Sherwood Manufacturing Company 476

*Shops of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railway. .. .185, 315

*Shops — Locomotive and Machine Co. of Montreal 507

*Shops of the Terminal Railroad of St. Louis .115, 147

*Shops— Rock Island System at East Moline 455, 490

*Sixteen-inch Crank Shaper 370

*Six-Spindle Gang Drill 136

*Smith, H. B., Machine Co.— Exhibit at the Universal Ex-
position, St. Louis 409

Solid Draft Rigging 103

^Southern Railway— Driving Wheel Drop Table 160

*Southern Railway— Freight Locomotive . 121

*Square Engine Houses— Terminal Railroad Association of

St. Louis 386

*Standard Accident and Medicine Cabinets 510

*Standard Front End Arrangement, G. S. & F. Ry 157

*Staybolts— The Proper Location of Tell-tale Holes 59

*Staybolts, Radial for Oil-Burning Engines— By I. C. Hicks 396

*Steam Motor Car 466

Steam Turbine Installed in Paint Plant 102

*Steel and Passenger Car Construction 279

*Steel Construction and Car Design 322

*Sullivan. A. W.— General Manager of the Missouri Pacific 454

*Super-Heater— The Schenectady, for Locomotive Practice 398

Super-Heated Steam Trials in Germany 466

*Taps and Dies 66

Technical Graduate and the Machinery Department of

Railways 133

Technical School Graduates— Individual Paper Before M.

M. Association 291

Terminal Handling of Locomotives 459

^'Terminal Railway Association of St. Louis— Cinder Pit. . 164
*Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis — Square En-
gine Houses 386

*Terminal Railroad of St. Louis— New Shops at East St.

Louis .' 115, 147

Test of High Speed Electric Locomotive— N. Y. C. & H. R.

R. R 504

Test of Compound for Brazing Cast Iron 466

Theodore Audel & Co 103

*Thirty-six Inch Engine Lathe 372

*Thor Power Hammer 475

*Tool Holders 31

*Tools, Special in Elkhart Shops— L. S. & M. S. Ry 352

Traveling Engineers' Association — Twelfth Annual Con-
vention 391, 357

*Traverse Shaper with Pull Cut Head 165

*Trencl of Locomotive Proportions. 4, 39

*Union Pacific Railway— Passenger Locomotive. ..r. 130

*Universal Grinder 272

*Valve Gear— The Young Rotary for Locomotives 495

Valve Lubrication 156, 208

*Vapor System of Car Heating 278

"Variable Exhaust Device— C. G. W. Ry 45

Variable Speed Motor—Individual Paper Before M. M.

Association 305

^Ventilating System in Blacksmith Shop— Northern Pa-
cific Railway §3

*Vertical Boring and Turning Mill 172

*Vise Wrought Bars Parallel Swivel 476

Vreeland, H. H— Address Before M. C. B. Association... 284

*Washburn Coupler 509

*Western Railway Club 57

Western Railway Club— February Meeting 97

*Wilcox, Davids-President of the Delaware & Hudson Rail-
road 2

*Young Rotary Valve Gear for Locomotives 495

< t\p

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTBR MECHANIC

Established 1878.

RAILWAY

MASTER
MECHANIC

Bbuce V. Crandall, Publisher. Chaeles S. Myers, Manager.
Maham H. Haig, Editor.

Office of Publication, Rooms 501 and 502 The Plymouth Bldg.,
305 Dearborn Street.

TELEPHONE, HARRISON 3357.
Eastern Office: Room 716, 132 Nassau St., New York City.

A monthly Railway Journal.

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equip-
ment, shops, machinery and supplies.

Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are
solicited.

Subscription price $1.00 a year, to foreign countries $1.50,
free of postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates
given on application to the office, by mail or in person.

In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Cran-
dall Company.

Vol. XXVIII. CHICAGO, JANUARY, 1904.

No. 1.

THE conventions are to be held at Saratoga again
this year. The headquarters of both associa-
tions will be at the Grand Union Hotel. The Master
Car Builders' Association will hold their convention
June 22nd to 24th inclusive and the American Railway
Master Mechanics' Association, June 27th to 29th, in-
clusive.

Applications for hotel accommodations should be
made to Woolley & Gerrans, care Hotel Marie An-
toinette, 67th street and Broadway, New York City,
up to May 1st, 1904. After that date to Woolley &
Gerrans, Grand Union Hotel, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Applications for exhibition spaces should be addressed
to Mr. J. Alexander Brown, Secretary, 24 Park Place,
Room 17, New York City.

IN another column we reproduce the results of a coal
and water test made on the third district of the
Chicago Division of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
Railway. The figures presented are of peculiar signifi-
cance in that they not only offer a basis of determina-
tion upon which to be guided in the selection of a suit-
able machine for a given service; but further compare
two locomotives of identical design except in that one is
a simple engine and the other a four-cyclinder com-
pound. It is possible to arrive at definite conclusions
regarding the relative performance of simple and com-
pound locomotives only by comparing those whose de-
signs are identical except in the feature of steam dis-
tribution. By comparing locomotives whose heating sur-
faces, grate areas, wheel diameters, etc., are the same,
which are equally well drafted and in which the proper
ratio of heating surfaces and grate area to cylinder vol-
ume exists, the difference in the results obtained should

be due entirely to the relative erciency of the methods of
steam distribution, when both locomotives are placed in
the same service. We are pleased at the opportunity of
reproducing the results of tests of two locomotives so ar-
ranged and merely direct attention to the figures pre-
sented.

OBSERVATION of the fact that in a lot of new
switching locomotives the Frisco officials have
specified friction gears at both ends, prompts the
query as to why friction gears are not more generally
applied to both ends of switching locomotives. This
particularly so, inasmuch as the great majority of
draft gears are damaged in switching yards, hence the
provision of a cushion of large capacity on the engine
would certainly seem to tend to reduce the severity
of many of the shocks.

♦ < »

THOSE having to do with machine tools and con-
sequently interested of late by the new tool
steels and the generally increased attention given to
machine tool output resulting from the introduction
of the new steels, will do well to secure the paper of
C. G. Barth upon "Slide Rules for the Machine Shop,"
which was presented at the December meeting of the
A. S. M. E. The rules are based upon extensive tests
which have been made to determine the relation be-
tween the depth of feed, cut and speed, diameter of
work and its speed, the size and shape of tools, etc.
The results of these tests have been brought down into
simple rules, easily handled by the ordinary shop man,
and should certainly be in the hands of all concerned
with the subject.

THE superintendent of motive power of a promin-
ent western line sends us a letter in which he
approves of the remarks on engine failures expressed
in an editorial in our December issue. But he objects
that we should have gone further and set forth the
reasons for desiring a hot fire down hill and in side
tracks in order to keep flues from leaking. He says,
further : "We can make a guess that the writer's rea-
son for keeping the fire up while on side tracks and
going down hill is to keep up circulation, so that when
cold water is put into a boiler it don't all settle to the
bottom and start the bottom flues in the shallow fire
boxes to leaking. When we had the deep fire boxes
of the American type engines we did not have so many
leaky flues because there was room in the water leg
for cold water to settle and it did not reach the flues
until after it had been heated from around the fire
box."

As to the greater tendency of the shallow box (par-
ticularly the wide grate type) to leak we will simply
say that we believe this tendency has increased in ex-
actly the amount in which the proportion of firebox to
total heating surface (and grate area) has been re-
duced in these shallow boxes — in other words, in any
Hven wnter district, the comparative tendency of dif-
fer?:: t boilers to lea'< depends entirely upon the com-

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

parative ratio of fire box heating surface to grate area.
Reverting to the main proposition, however, as to
what the engine crews can do with the engines with
which they are furnished, we will not take boiler de-
sign or circulation into the question, but will go at the
matter from the standpoint of the man who is handl-
ing the engine, as follows. When we reach the en-
gine we are to take out on this trip, and look into the
firebox we will see the tube sheet in one of three
phases. It will either be dry, seeping or spurting. If
it is dry we are all right,
if it is spurting we had bet-
ter turn it back into the
roundhouse. If it is seep-
ing we know that if it is a
comparatively new set of
tubes the seeping will take
up under a hot fire, but if
the tubes are rather old the
probabilities are that the
seeps will too easily develop
into spurts and we had bet-
ter not take her without re-
cording a protest.

Once having accepted
the engine, however, it
is, or should be, "up to us"
to get over the road with
her. We know that when
the tubes start to seep it is
a question as to whether
they will take up again or
else develop into the spurt-
ing which is generally a
hopeless stage. Obviously
then, the thing to do is to
prevent the start of ana-
phase of leaking. We
know that this start never
occurs while the engine is
working hard, but devel-
ops after we tip over the
hill or are lying in side-
tracks. Why ? Because
when the engine is working
hard we are burning coal
at a rate which produces
an intensity of temperature
which causes the junction
of the tubes with the tube sheet to expand (with bad
water) to an extent which is beyond the limit from
which they will return (when the rate of combustion
drops) to the tightness of junction which existed be-
fore.* Now having in mind this knowledge that the
tube junctions with the sheet have become distorted
while working the engine hard, to an extent which
renders them liable to start leaking when the firebox
temperature drops, because of a cessation of firing

Mr. David Wilcox,
president of the delaware & hudson railroad

Mr. Wilcox was born in Flatbush, N. Y., December 12, 1849, and has
remained a native of New York State all his life. He was graduated from
Yale University in 1872, later studied law at the Columbia Law School and
was admitted to the bar in 1874. He was appointed general counsel of the
D. & H in 1895, elected vice-president also in 1899 and president in May of
the past year.

when we tip over the hill, or go in a sidetrack, our
only chance is obviously an endeavor to prevent any
material drop in the degree of firebox expansion
reached while the engine was working hard. This
means that" the firebox temperature should not be al-
lowed to drop very much, which means that ideas of
fuel economy and aversions to popping must be
dropped, the blower used freely and a good hot fire
kept up. That's the whole secret of getting over the
road with a leaky engine — keep her hot in the firebox,

all the time, at all points

and places and under all
conditions, from the time
we start out until we cut
off from the train at the
end of the run. The start
of a tube leak indicates that
this was not done — that the
fire was allowed to die
down — otherwise the leak
could not have occurred. In
this line it may be remarked
that this avoidance of tem-
perature drop does not im-
ply that a high combustion
rate is necessary to be main-
tained, for the differences
of temperature produced by
burning coal at 40 lbs. per
sq. ft. of grate per hour as
compared with that of 180
lbs. per sq. ft. per hour is
only a couple of hundred
degrees. It is at rates be-
low 40 lbs. per sq. ft. of
grate per hour that the cor-
responding temperatures
drop so rapidly as to be of
practical effect.

Before leaving this sub-
ject we would like to call
the attention of our corre-
spondent to another matter
in connection with this sub-
ject, inasmuch as the tone
of his letter gives us the
impression that some of the
ideas expressed are going
to be promulgated. And

this is, that retaining his knowledge as a superintend-
ent of motive power, he views the engineer's job from
the standpoint of an engineer before coming down
very hard on some of the less efficient. The ordinary
engineer is perforce dependent upon his officials for
knowledge of the major portion of the finer points of

*For an extended consideration of this subject we refer to a paper
entitled "Concerning Leaky Fireboxes," by T. S. Reilly, Proceedings
Western Railway Club, October. 1903.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

engine handling - . If the superintendent of motive
power, master mechanic or traveling engineer, by rea-
son of his greater breadth of view and facilities for
information and observation, arrives at the proper
solution of any particular difficulty, it is his duty to
promulgate the information before calling down a
transgressor. An instance: Not long ago our atten-
tion was called to a roundhouse foreman who refused
to have wet sand cleared out of sand boxes where the
main air reservoir was found to contain much water
(and with a regular crew he was in the right), yet
neither the master mechanic nor traveling engineer
of this division had a realization of the connection
between the two phenomena, and even after their at-
tention was called to the kink no bulletin was issued
passing around the information.

In this line we recall a division whereon the master
mechanic was consistent in going after the engine-
failure-because-of-leaking matter by first placing him-
self upon record in a bulletin stating that : "Fuel econ-
omy, black smoke and popping around stations and
down hill was to be disregarded when handling leaky
engines. That they must be kept hot all over the divi-
sion ; that if an engine was delivered to an engine
crew with a wet sheet the roundhouse foreman's at-
tention must be called to it, in which case the round^
house assumed the responsibility for failure ; but
where an engine was delivered to the crew with a dry
sheet, or no protest against a wet sheet was made, the
engine crew were to be held strictly responsible for
any leakage that might develop on the road. Any
engineer feeling a doubt as to his ability to make suc-
cessful trips under these conditions will please request
this office for instruction." This instruction involved
the assignment of the traveling engineer to make a trip
with the requesting crew and "showing" them. This
course rendered the information available, without
which being done there is as little reason for calling
down a transgressor as would be exemplified by the
general manager of our correspondent reducing him
in rank because "since the last lot of locomotives pur-
chased under your specifications are not giving as
satisfactory service as expected, you evidently are not
a competent man." Since it is well conceded that the
design of boilers has an undoubted, though not clearly
analyzed, effect upon its performance, it is evident that
the engine crew is not alone in being short on infor-
mation, and if the officials, because of their superior
advantages, have knowledge of more proper ways of
engine handling than is possessed by the ordinary
engineer, it is certainly unjust to the latter to be called
to account before having had these pointers brought
to their attention. And the bulletin board should be
backed up by a traveling engineer who is not only
able, but actually does take the engine himself and
demonstrate. This thing of traveling engineers spend-
ing their time in roundhouses and cabooses, gouging
the fireman out of his seat, or else as a mere errand
boy for the master mechanic and superintendent, is

the main reason for the wide variation in the perform-
ances of the different engine crews on any particular
division. We do not know the traveling engineer of
our correspondent, but if his physical constitution and
mental disposition are such as to have within the year
just closed have actually taken a shovel in his hand
and fired up a ten-mile hill, or is so conspicuously able
and self-confident as to have gone over on the right
side and brought in a train that some less able man
was ready to give up, he differs considerably from the
usual incumbent of this position. And if he further
spends one-third of his time actually on the engines,
he is a wonder. Yet only by such means is he of any
use to the engineers, who are willing to agree where
an actual demonstration is given, but very loath to pay
much attention to a man who does not get out and
"show" how it is done.

Railroading as Viewed by a Railroader

Communication from a Superintendent of Motive Power.
Editor, Railway Master Mechanic.

Have just been reading your editorial on page 536
of the December Master Mechanic, on the subject of
"get thar." The article appeals to. me as being an ex-
cellent one and has a smell of tallow only found be-
tween the roundhouse stove and the bulletin.

The fellow that wrote that article has been close to
an engine sometime and knows what he is talking about
when he says "a crew that knows its business don't have
leaky flues." He ought to have given some reason for
giving just as much attention to a fire down hill and on
side tracks as when working on a hill.

While we don't know who wrote the article we can
make a guess that his reason for keeping the fire up
while on side. tracks and going down hill is to keep up
circulation, and when cold water is put into a boiler
it don't all settle to the bottom and start the bottom flues
in the shallow fire boxes to leaking.

When we had deep fire boxes on American type en-
gines we did not have so many leaky flues because there
was room in the water leg for cold water to settle and
it did not reach the flues until after it had been heated
around the firebox.

Have that fellow write some more, it sounds like a
railroad and reminds me of an answer of a brakeman
when asked what he passed at a certain station, he an-
swered "two stocks, a way car bounce and a drag."
That's railroad vernacular for you, and sounds a whole
lot like reading the article referred to which treats of
breakdowns in a business-like way. If most of these
breakdowns were disregarded and the crew kept going
the motive power department might have some less
explanations to make without having to call a fellow in
and tell him where he made the mistake.

I want to convey my appreciation of what I consider
to be a good, practical article. I have written to each
of our master mechanics and invited his attention to it.

December T2, 1903.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

The Trend of Locomotive Proportions

(Continued from Page 540 of Volume 27.)

ONTINUING with the series of tables, the
first of which appeared- in the December,
1903, issue of the Railway Master Mechan-
ic, showing" the existing- ratios of locomo-
tive parts and the changes which these re-
lationships have undergone, we present
herewith a table of dimensions and propor-
tions of freight engines, selected as repre-
sentative of freight locomotive design from
the year 1880 to the present time. The figures appear-
ing in the table are arranged graphically to demon-
strate more clearly and readily the changes undergone
in the several dimensions and ratios during the devel-
opment of locomotive design.

The diversity of opinion among designers, evident
from the irregular location of the points by which the

tube divided by diameter. In the case of compound
locomotives, the volume of both cylinders is taken as
twice the volume of the high pressure cylinder.

Referring now to the curves, the heating surface is
seen to have increased continually and in the years of,
about, '98 and '99, would tend to rise more abruptly,
due to the general increase in length of tube. This is
borne out by the form of the curve, representing ratio
of tube length to diameter at the points indicating
these years.. The introduction of the modified wide
firebox was attended by a reduction in the firebox
heating surface as manifested by the abrupt change of
form and the total heating surface and firebox heating
surface are seen to rise together, the former, however,
rising above those of the older type of boiler having
the narrow grate, while the firebox heating surface ac-
companying a modified wide grate is, in many cases,
as low as that of the narrow box in service ten years

/378 80 82 8<? 66 88 90 92 5>* 9b 98 /900 OZ 04-

Fig. i — Heating Surface and Grate Area.

curves are plotted and the difference in the conditions
under which locomotives are operated on different
roads- and upon the different divisions of the same
road, renders it impossible 'to advocate a given set of
ratios as representative of best practice. It is there-
fore possible to arrive at a definite understanding of
the proportions considered best practice only by tab-
ulating the dimensions of a number of representative
engines and comparing the data so obtained.

By following the general direction of the points
plotted an imaginary zone may be outlined within
which the several dimensions and proportions vary,
Instead of outlining such a zone we have plotted a
curve in each case, indicating a general average of the
several results determined and an imaginary zone
would follow the general direction taken by the curve.

In order to discriminate between locomotives using
the narrow fireboxes and those burning coal on the
modified wide grates, the former are represented by
crosses and the latter by circles. Where no discrim-
ination is made the points are represented by solid
dots, as in the case of the curve representing length of

/878 80 82 8f 3b 88 90 92 94 ?6 98 /900 02 04

Fig. 2 — General Features.
ago, and is much lower than the same surface of some
recent designs which continue to use the narrow grate.

Steam pressure has increased steadily and consist-
ently up to 1900, after which time 200 pounds appears
to be the more general boiler pressure for simple en-
gines, while in some instances it has reached 225
pounds on compound locomotives and in recent years
is generally higher than 200 with this type. Compar-
ing the curve of the freight locomotive with that of
the passenger, simple pasenger locomotives are oper-
ating under higher boiler pressure than the simple
freight engines.

Weight on drivers and total weight of locomotive
have increased together and consistently. The small
diameter of the freight locomotive driving wheels per-
mits the mud ring of the modified wide firebox to ex-
tend beyond the frame so that the trailing wheel is
usually unnecessary on locomotives in such service.
The change in the direction of the curve is not so
abrupt as in the case of the passenger curve where
the influence of the introduction of the wide grate and
trailing wheels is clearly marked.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

/878 80 8Z 84 86 86 90 9Z 94 96 98 /900 OZ 04-

Fig. 3 — Steam Pressure.

XIO0O0m

Ziooodi
izoook
nooool

IQOOOtk

fflOOOA

mom

I50000&

mooo\
noooo\
jzooooi

80 82 84 66 80 90 92 ?4 96 98 7900 OZ 04-..

Fig. '4 — Weight on Drivers.

90000 i
80000\
70000\

7878 60_ $2 df- 66 3d 90 92 9? 96 98 /900 02 04

Fig. 6 — -Total Weight.

/876 80 82

90 9Z 94-.

ffMlffifffitllfliillllt'liiffl

ill

llllllllllll 9 w mi {mill mi 1

W||||I j fl || ] fljliltr

;:; i

Hffilffffllillll 1 , 1

r^&l i' 1 ■ f 1 iff Fr*TTiT i 1 1 f f Hfl T fl 1 H HTIffHif Jf *■! t f ^ri~If n^-TFWf^f$^Hif+f-^7?Sf : f z l : f^^^^^^^^f?^^3^^^^^^$$^^^^?~^M : f ^^^1' f M^"*

^^^^BBj^^^^^^^^BHill

lilltjIJIllllflillllifllllJijIlP

tfjflsff)

jffiffifflij IjJ 1 1 J| 1 1 !i I]

Mffllllitilllllll

Billi^liSii

■■ii

''ff

^K^MWWpj

-:, J. '-.

■iMllilMiillCt(fiiJlitl?l

Sfflffi

98 7900 02 04

Fig. 7 — Ratio of Weight on Drivers to Tractive
Effort.

Fig. 5 — Tractive Effort by Formula

94 96 98 7900 OZ 04 /073 ao a2 gy. d6 Qa 9Q ?/? ^ % ?Q mo Q/) Q/f

Fig. 8— Ratio of Total Weight to Tractive Effort.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

90 9Z 94 96 98 /900 0Z_ 0? "

/<?/<? 60 82 84 86 88 90 9z 94 1 96 98 /?00 oz 04- flg. 1 3 — ratio of total heating surface to grate
Fig. 9 — Ratio of Tractive Effort to Total Heating Area.

Surface.

/87S 80 81 84 86 8d 90 9Z 94 96 98 /90O OZ 04-

Fig. io — Ratio of Total Weight to Total Heating
Surface.

/67B 80 81 84 86 88 90 9Z 9f 96 98 /900 OZ 04-

Fig. 14 — Ratio of Firebox Heating Surface to Grate
Area.

Fig. 1 1

94 96 98 /900 OZ 0<4

-Ratio of Tube Heating Surface to Grate
Area.

■iivMm 1 III nJUtl If Hit IllHlj.U 1 1 )i!tt[ ! 1 i i j ] h ii;i' ■'. " .: i ,. ■ \-,w !!i;!i
dSffiHj- 1[ |HfflI HffjttroM ' ■■||[ fffiffiS

ll-

wM ffltfflwfflfflTi rMfMH 1 ' m\wm\

S ill hi si 1, fit

iffl&f ;{ [nij.;.. rWw

ilffilM 11 1111111 ' 1 1 WlllWI ■ -illi

'?■! \'\ ]] l : .\ '■'■'.. J 1 •■<]•■ , ! ■■;■ j_ ■" : ' i ■' ! :-.':-.| , '

iUI41ftlliUJ}iy-trtlHfHyB1^BjtllttWl±Bt&fil!tMiliHtHj

.ijjijrijltjlljjut'

111111m

25 |

15 \

%
10 I

25 [

20 j

|||[|jHp|l ff ''IH

15 S

sji

1, ' ! ; '

SMtfilfffi

|ffl|jJi LiUttSB

™

dZ 84 86 88 90 9Z 94* 96 98 2900 OZ _ 0# __.

—Ratio of Total Heating Surface to Weight
of One Cylinder Full of Steam at
Boiler Pressure.

1878 80

Fig. 12-

0Z 84 86

90 9Z 94- 96

/900 02 0-4

7878 80

Fig. 15-

600
500
WO
300
ZOO
100
600
500
400
300
200
100

/878 80 82 84-

■HHHHnnf'

HliHIIII

iPi

iijMffil if »{ j; If \

111

PI; {[l|ffl|J^PI[||!||

1 iPJi llllli I Jil'lll

ff|jlMji^WJp|F

«PI !||

fflfff iMtfff

iff

^fflPtmTinffiilii'irif''ifJlr

" : ■'•-' :-

\\\\ t|j| ifttiflff"

hiiiHiill'Biiff^fltfflffllS

tfflffit

MipSmWi 1

iff H 1 i ilwlllnlfj ifii }fi

BSB

tiff fflUrf '' f'-f^'i I'l-f'l !'!■

'fflffUflffl

" ! iS

fi+f; Iff ! ft!! In \v f tffl-ffi 1 Iff fffffm

90 9Z 9* 96

2900 OZ 04

-Ratio of Total Heating Surface to Firebox
Heating Surface.

Fig. 16 — Ratio of Total Heating Surface to Volume
of Both Cylinders.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Most of the curves speak plainly for themselves, as
the curve of tractive effort, Fig. 5.

Arriving at the curves of ratios, the first two which
are the most impressive are those showing the ratio of
tractive effort and total weight to total heating sur-
face. By the drop of the curve during the last few
years the total heating surface is seen to have been in-
creased, indicating the greater attention given by de-
signers to produce freer steamers and the attempt to
place all available weight within the boiler. While
we have seen that both the total heating surface and
grate area have increased, the ratio of the former to
the latter has increased very gradually and during the
past fifteen years the average ratio has remained near-

/87Q BO

mo oz 04-

Fig.' 17 — Ratio of Grate Area to Volume of Both
Cylinders.

ly constant. The longer tube is responsible for this,
as as clearly shown by the curves in Fig. 12, where
the ratio of total heating surface to firebox heating
surface has increased very rapidly since 1894. A curve
representing the ratio of tube heating surface to fire-
box heating surface would have practically the same
form, as the difference between total and tube heating

surface is equal to the firebox heating surface ; except
where water tubes are used. There is a difference of
opinion extant regarding the advisability of the present
relation between tube and firebox heating surface and
the subject is worthy of more careful investigation
than has been made since the adoption of wider grates
and longer tubes.

The change in the direction of the curve indicating
the relationship existing between firebox heating sur-
face and grate area is so abrupt as to impel attention
to the fact that with the modified wide grate there is a
much smaller firebox heating surface per square foot
of grate area than with the narrow grate. The result
of this change in the ratio is that the effect of the hot
gases impinging against the firebox sheets is much in-
tensified.

A factor used by the Pennsylvania railroad in loco-
motive design is the ratio of total heating surface to

/878 80 81 8? 86 88 90 9Z 94- 96 98 /?W OZ OP

Fig. i8 — Ratio of Tube Length to Diameter.
weight of one cylinder full of steam at boiler pressure,
this road requiring the ratio to be 1,000 or greater.
This relationship is presented in Fig. 15. The great
difference appearing among the figures representative
of compound locomotives rendered it necessary to
trace a zone as it is impossible to plot a consistent
curve from the points given.

Coal and Water Tests of Freight Locomotives — A., T. & S. F. Ry.

THE Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway has com-
pleted a number of coal and water tests with five
of their freight locomotives, over the third district of the
Chicago Division, a distance of 113 miles, between Ft.
Madison and Marceline. One of this number made but
a single run. We include it, however, as the figures are
of some significance.

The profile of the road, the elevation at each terminal
and at points between, the maximum grade in each di-
rection are clearly shown on the accompanying data
sheet.

There were entered in these tests three compound and
two simple locomotives : Engine 606, Vauclain com-
pound, 2-6-0, cylinders 15J/2 ins. and 26 ins. with 28-in.
stroke, 62-in. driving wheels, steam pressure 200 pounds.
Engine 601, Baldwin simple, 2-6-0, 20-in. cylinders with
28-in. stroke, 62-in. driving wheels, steam pressure 200
pounds. Engine 105 1, Vauclain compound, 2-6-2, cylin-

ders 17 ins. and 28 ins., with 28-in. stroke, 69-in. driv-
ing wheels, steam pressure 220 pounds. Engine 565,
2-6-2, Schenectady tandem compound, cylinders 16 ins.
and 28 ins., with 28-in. stroke, 63-in. driving wheels,
steam pressure 210 pounds. Engine 175, Brooks simple,
4-6-0, cylinders 18 ins., with 24-in. stroke, 63-in. driving
wheels, steam pressure 180 pounds. The fireboxes of
all boilers are of the modified wide type for burning
bituminous coal, with the exception of engine 175.

During the tests the coal and water used were care-
fully weighed. The same kind of coal was used on all
locomotives during the several runs, the coal being Illi-
nois mine run.

With regard to the corrected weight of coal used per
thousand ton miles, a decided advantage is shown on
the part of engine 1051, being a gain of 5.53 per cent as
against engine 606; 25.6 as against engine 601, and 35
per cent as against engine 175.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

en"

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O

o
o

Ph
Q

H
o

K
P

Q
w
P

Notes

Trip No. 1 — North quartering wind 8 to 10 miles
per hour: engine slipped at Baring and Ethel.

Trip No. 2 — North quartering wind 20 miles per
hour : engine slipped on Oliver hill : engine popped 40
seconds.

Trip No. 3 — North quartering wind 15 miles per
hour to Oliver: engine slipped leaving Ethel, mud ring
leaked, Revere to Baring: boiler washed Marceline.

Trip No. 4 — Southeast quartering wind 15 miles per
hour : engine slipped at Hart, Gorin, Wyaconda, Medill :
mud ring leaking, Biddie to La Platte : bad rail Marce-
line to Revere.

Trip No. 5 — South quartering wind 15 miles per
hour: engine slipped at Revere and Ethel.

Trip No. 6 — South quartering wind 30 miles per
hour : engine slipped at Revere, Medill and Ethel : trac-
tion increaser not working: engine simpled i l / 2 miles
on Dumas hill and 2 miles out of Ethel.

Trip No. 7 — North quartering wind 15 miles per
hour : traction increaser working : light tonnage from
Marceline to Baring.

Trip No. 8 — North quartering wind 8 to 10 miles per
hour : train handled nicely.

Trip No. 9 — -North quartering wind 10 miles per
hour: coal 50 per cent slack.

Trip No. 10 — South quartering wind light and help-
ing: train handled nicely.

Trip No. 11 — South quartering wind 15 miles per
hour: slow into Revere and Ethel.

Trip No. 12 — Calm.

Trip No. 13 — North quartering wind 30 miles per
hour : pushed out of Ethel by train No. 57 : slow into
Revere and Rutledge.

Trip No. 14 — Helping wind : bad storm at Wyaconda.

Trip No. 15 — North quartering wind 30 miles per hour.

Trip No. 16 — South quartering wind light: engine
slipped at Shopton, Nixon, Dumas, Wyaconda Rut-
ledge, Baring and Ethel : hole Y% inch in diameter in
left valve which admitted boiler pressure steam into low
pressure cylinder : track scale broken at Shopton and
engine transferred to another division, hence but a single
run made with this engine.

Trip No. 17 — South quartering wind 6 miles per
hour : 4% inch nozzle.

Trip No. 18 — South quartering wind 10 miles per
hour : stopped on grade east of Cana : 4% inch nozzle.

Trip No. 19 — South quartering wind 6 miles per
hour: 4^2 inch nozzle: diaphragm plate 153/2 inches
high.

Trip No. 20 — South quartering wind 8 miles per
hour: engine fired 24 hours before starting.

Trip No. 2T — .South quartering helping wind 18
miles per hour.

West bound engines on trips 1 to 16 took water at
Ethel on account of water being short. East and west
bound engines on (rips 17 to 21 did not stop.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

Engine 565 shows to a little better advantage in the
single run than the average of the runs made by engine
105 1. At the same time each of three runs made by en-
gine 1 05 1 shows up better than the single run of engine

565.

Engine 606 shows an advantage in the use of coal per

thousand ton miles of 20. 9 per cent as against engine
601, and an advantage of 31.2 per cent as against en-
gine 175. The comparison between engines 606 and 601
is the most striking and as the test of a compound en-
gine in the same service as a simple, it is the most prac-
tical, for the reason that these two locomotives are
identical in design and dimensions with the exception
of the systems of steam distribution.

While the figures representing the performance of en-
gine 105 1 appear the most satisfactory, these results must
be considered merely as comparing a number of locomo-
tives with regard to each one's respective fitness for the
given class of work. As a test between simple and com-
pound locomotives or between two different systems of
compounding the figures cannot be considered as truly
comparative in view of the difference existing among the
several designs of boilers, ratios of heating and grate
surfaces to- cylinder volume, etc.

The comparison of the results of the tests as between
606 and 60 i tell a different story however and speaks
highly in favor of the compound.

The results of the tests and the important details of
of the several locomotives, appear in the accompanying
tables.

These tests were conducted under the personal super-
vision of Mr. A. L. Beardsley, Road Foreman of En-
gines, through whose courtesy we are enabled to repro-
duce the results.

Type of locomotive.. 2-6-0

Steam pressure 200

Cylinders 15y 2 &26x28

Diam. driving wheels. 62

Weight on drivers... 132000

Total weight 157100

Tractive effort: 28900

Total heating surface 2626

Grate area 48.5

Weight on drivers di-
vided by tractive

effort 4.56

Tractive effort divid-
ed by total heating

surface 11

Total heating surface
divided by grate

area 54 . 14

Total heating surface

divided by volume

of both cylinders... 430.5

Grate area divided

by volume of both

cylinders 7.9

Diameter of nozzle. . 4%

Engine

Numbers

1051

601

565

175

2-6-2

2-6-0

4-6-0

220

200

210

180

f&28x28

20x28

16&28x28

18x24

141690

132000

134500

96500

210190

157100

211000 125100

31000

28900

34000

17800

3738

2626

3666

1492

53.5

48.5

51.25

4.57

4.56

3.95

5.5

8.29

9.27

11.9

54.14

71.5

508.5

258.5

564

210

7.6

4.76

7.87

2.53

514

Economical Distribution of Scrap

Communication

Editor Railway Master Mechanic:

I noticed your issue of December presenting the very
able and useful paper written by Mr. Murphy, of the
L. S. & M. S. in regard to the economical and advan-
tageous disposition of scrap material. He leaves but
little to be said in connection with this, as he has gone
over the ground very fully. I might add, however, that
the classification of scrap material, when reported for
sale, should be entirely in accord with the ideas of the
purchasing, agent, who usually makes the sales. It is a
fact, probably well known, that the several mills that
purchase scrap have different classifications under which
scrap is purchased, and that a great deal of money is lost
to railroad companies from the fact that they sell to
brokers, under a certain classification, the broker prob-
ably reclassifying the scrap and selling to the mills, the
mills not wishing to buy from the railroad company,
being afraid that the classification will not be up to the
standard as used by the mills. A suggestion as to han-
dling this feature of the disposition of scrap, that the
difficulty above referred to can be best overcome, would
be for the purchasing agent to outline a form of scrap
report, showing the usual information as to quantity,
class, etc., and on the back of this form have full printed
instructions showing what would make up the different
grades of scrap iron, and these instructions to be fol-
lowed carefully by the storekeepers who do the loading
and shipping.

Another feature is that storekeepers sometimes antici-
pate in their report a certain accumulation of scrap. It is
sold by the purchasing agent upon this report, with the
result oftimes that the accumulation does not accrue as
rapidly as the storekeeper anticipated and there is a great
delay in making shipment on the sales order. This is
another factor that keeps the mills from buying from
railroads direct, as they depend upon prompt deliveries ;
thus it will be seen from the above that if the mills could
depend upon a correct grade and a prompt delivery they
would purchase from the railroads direct, instead of
through the brokers, and the profit the broker is now
making would accrue to the railroad corporation.

There is just one important classification of scrap that
Mr. Murphy has omitted. The class of scrap known as
No. 1 shop wrought should be separated as to arch and
tie bars, and any similar grade of iron from the regular
No. 1 wrought, as the former always commands a higher
price than the latter.

There is another problem which we are now wrestling
with, and one which is quite important to railroad com-
panies from an economical as well as expedient stand-
point. The subject might be classified under the head of
the best method of handling wooden bridge material as
between the stores and bridge and building department.
The custom in vogue on a great many roads is that the
general foreman of bridges or master carpenter makes
requisition for what is needed at the various bridges in

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

his territory, to be shipped to the station nearest the
bridge where material is to be used. The storekeeper
loads the material up, bills it to the station, the agent
notifies the general foreman of bridges or master car-
penter, who moves the bridge gang to the station, calls
on the transportation department to handle cars to the
bridge for unloading, and the local trains which usually
handle this work are delayed, probably making overtime
while this work is being done. Thus, it can be seen from
this method that the prompt handling of shipment is de-
pendent, first, upon the transportation department to
move cars promptly from storehouse; secondly, upon
the agent to give prompt notice when the cars arrive;
third, upon the ability of the general foreman of bridges
or master carpenter to move his bridge gang to the sta-
tion where the cars have been billed to, and fourth, upon
the ability of the transportation department to handle
the cars from the station to the bridge where material is
to be unloaded. Where it is dependent on so many de-
partments for the accomplishment of delivery, it would
be easily seen from a practical standpoint that there is
always more or less delay. There is also the expense at-
tendant upon delay to equipment, from the movement of
bridge gangs to and from the place where material is to
be unloaded and the overtime paid train crews while the
unloading is being done, and the uncertainty as to the
delivery of the material and the lack of knowledge on the
part of the bridge department officials as to whether the
material is on the ground so that gangs may be moved
there to perform the work outlined. As a method of
overcoming this, I have recommended the adoption of
the following plan.

The officer in charge of repairs to bridges to indicate
in what territory he desires his work to be done, he to
indicate sufficient work to make use of at least twelve
carloads of material. This to be loaded by the store de-
partment and the material handled as a work train,
which usually costs $25 per day, stores department to
furnish men to put the material on the ground in accord-
ance with requisition furnished; and as soon as delivery
is accomplished notify the officer in charge of bridge
work that the material is there. He can then advan-
tageously dispose of his bridge repair gangs, knowing at
what points material is on the ground for the accomplish-
ment of work outlined. There is no delay to equipment
other than that occurring while the cars are being hauled
in the work train to the several points where the ma-
terial is to be unloaded. The work of unloading is done
by cheap labor and not by bridge carpenters, who always
receive a greater compensation than laborers employed in
the stores department.

I think by the adoption of the above plan that several
thousand dollars in the aggregate can be saved the rail-
road companies annually in the handling of material and
that the maintenance of way department will be always
able to make a better showing in the accomplishment of
bridge work, at a lesser expense, than where they attempt
to handle the bridge timbers.

I would indeed be pleased to have the opinion of other
general storekeepers on this subject.
Yours truly,

John Burke,
General Storekeeper, Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf R. R.

The Oil Cup and Swab

AT the last meeting of the Traveling Engineers'
Association, held in Chicago, October, 1903,
the Association placed itself on record as favoring the
use of an oil cup together with a swab for lubricating
piston rods. During the discussion of the committee
report regarding piston rod lubrication, Mr. G. W.
Wildin, mechanical engineer of the Central Railroad
of New Jersey, described a successful method of using
a swab and oil cup which he has placed in service on
• the road. Through Mr. Wildin's courtesy we are now
privileged to present an illustration of his method of

Application of the Oil Cup and Swab — C. R. R. of

N.J.

making this application. The swab is placed in a cav-
ity within the gland and oil is fed thereto by a 5-16-in.
copper pipe, leading from the cup, which is located
above the guide as shown by the accompanying line
drawing. Provision is also made for hand oiling when
necessary, by arranging holes through the casing. An
advantage of this arrangement is that the pipe leading
from the cup to the swab is kept within the cylinder
head casing and is thus maintained in all weather at a
temperature which permits a free flow of oil.

According to newspaper reports the western roads arc
continuing to experience much difficulty from bad water
with the heavy locomotives operating at high steam pres-
sures, and the only relief possible seems to be in the erec-
tion of water-treating plants.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1964

Heavy Freight Locomotive—Lake Shore & Michigan Southern

Railway

NUMBER of heavy 2 — 8 — o freight locomo
A tives built at the Brooks works of the
American Locomotive Company have been
placed in service on the Lake Shore & Mich-
igan Southern Railway. Their design and
construction represents careful observation
and investigation on the part of Messrs. H.
F. Ball and H. H. Vaughan, superintendent
and assistant superintendent of motive power
of the road, and Mr. John Player, consulting engineer
of the American Locomotive Company. The design em-
bodies a number of interesting features, among which
we mention first the provision for free circulation in the
boiler. The water space in the throat sheet leg is made
very wide to permit water to flow back to the water
legs ; the water spacings at mud ring are 4^ ins. wide
and the spacing between flues is wide, having a bridge
of 15-16 in. Another noticeable feature in the boiler

L. S. & M.

-non fl-B SecTJorTc-O

-Heavy Freight Locomotive-
Exhaust Nozzle.

design is that of the large radius of crown sheet at
corners. Boiler feed water is supplied through two No.
11 Nathan non-lifting injectors. The check valves are
located at the bottom of the front sheet, being connected
with a specially designed elbow on the inside of the
boiler, so directed as to assist in the circulation of water
and lead it towards the flue sheet.

The front end arrangement is peculiar. The stack is
very short and but a portion is visible above the smoke-
box. Its height above the smokebox is 22 ins., while a
portion extends within the box 24^ ins. The portion
of the smokebox below the bottom of the stack is sepa-
rated from the remainder by a horizontal diaphragm so

that the effect of the stack is the same as that of one
46^ ins. high. The stack was designed according to
the formula of Prof. W. F. M. Goss, resulting from
his recent experiments.

The exhaust base and nozzle received careful atten-
tion in design. It is illustrated in Fig. 1, and as will
be seen it has cross ribs through the center on account
of its large size. The flanged base is 24 by 22 ins. and
the diameter of the nozzle is 6% ins. The valve gear,
also shown herewith, Fig. 3, is arranged for direct
motion. It includes a transmission bar connected to a
double pendant rocker arm. The valves are of the piston
type, having inside admission and fitted with 12-in.
piston rings.

The frames are of cast steel 6 ins. wide and are illus-
trated by Fig. 4. They have been made very strong
and stiff and are provided with braces at both top and
bottom to resist lateral stress. The cast steel cross

M. S. Ry.

Fig. 2 — Heavy Freight Locomotive— L. S.
— Piston Valve.

braces in front of the cylinders combine the guide for
truck, center pin and bumper bracket.

The design of the engine truck is shown by the ac-
companying line drawings, Fig. 5. The usual equal-
izers and side springs have been dispensed with and coil
springs are used on top of the journal boxes. The
frame is of cast steel.

The engines were designed for pusher service with
coal and ore trains on the hills at Youngstown and
Ashtabula, on the Franklin division. Except at the
division terminals the grades are low and trains can be'
conveniently handled with smaller power. They are also
to be used as pushers from Cleveland to West Park on

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 3 — Heavy Freight Locomotive — L. S. & M. S. Ry.— Valve Motion and Cylinder.

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Fig. 5 — Heavy Freight Locomotive — L. S. & M. S. Ry. Engine Truck.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

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January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

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Fig. 10— Heavy Freight Locomotive — L. S. & M. S.
Ry. — Stack.

the Toledo division, and. for service in the new gravity
hump yards at Collinwood and Elkhart. They will later
be put in regular road service on the Franklin division,
when steel cars of 80,000 and 100,000 lbs. capacity are
sufficiently numerous in the traffic over this division to
provide full tonnage.

The usual formula shows these engines to be capable
of a starting power of 47,300 lbs. The several ratios of
heating surface, etc., are included in the table of freight
locomotive proportions appearing in the insert accom-
panying this issue.

The general dimensions are given in the following
table :

General Dimensions.

Gauge 4 ft. 8*4 ins.

Fuel Bituminous coal

Weight in working order 235,400 lbs.

Weight on drivers 207,000 lbs.

Weight engine and tender in working order. ..... .386,400 lbs.

Wheel base, driving: 17 ft. 3 ins.

Wheel base, rigid 17 ft. 3 ins.

Wheel base, total , 26 ft. 5 ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and tender 57 ft. 10 ins.

. . Cylinders.

Diameter Of cylinders - 23 ins.

Stroke of piston 30 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston . .7 ins.

Diameter of piston rod 4% ins.

Kind of piston packing .Dunbar

Kind of piston rod packing U. S.

Size of steam ports 29% ins. by 2 ins.

Size of exhaust ports 65 sq. ins.

Size of bridges 4 ins.

Valves.

Kind of valves .Piston

Greatest travel of valves 5 7-16 ins.

Outside lap of valves , 1 in.

Inside lap of valves ins.

Lead of valves in full gear 1-16 in.

Kind of valve stem packing U. S.

Transmission bar With

Wheels, Etc.

No. of driving wheels 8

Diameter of driving wheels outside of tire 57 ins.

Material of driving wheel, centers Cast steel

Thickness of tire 3% ins.

Tire held by Shrinkage

Driving box material Cast eteel

Diam. and length of driving journals. .9% and 10 in. dia. x 12
Diam. and length of main crank pin journals... 7% in. dia. x 7
Diam.. and length of side rod crank pin journals . 8% in. dia. x 5%

Section of rods, main I side Double fish belly

Engine truck, kind Swing

Engine truck, journals 6 in. dia. x 12

Diam. of engine truck wheels 33% ins.

Kind of engine truck wheels Cast steel spoke centers

- Boiler.

Style Radial stayed extended wagon top

Outside diameter of first ring. 80 ins.

Working pressure 200 lbs.

Material of barrel and outside of firebox Worth

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of firebox

13-16, %, 15-16, %, 9-16, % in.

Horizontal seams

Sextuple bolt with inside and outside welt strips

Circumferential seams Double

Firebox, length 109 ins.

Firebox, width 74 ins.

Firebox, depth, front, S3V- ins.; back 69% ins.

Firebox, material Worth

Firebox plates, thickness

Sides, % in.; back, % in.; crown % in.; tube sheet, % in.
Firebox, water space

Front, 4% ins.; sides", 4% ins.; back, 4% ins.

Firebox, crown staying .... 1 in.

Firebox, staybolts 1 in.

Tubes, material, and gauge Steel

Tubes, number 460

Tubes, diameter 2 ins.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 15 ft. 6% ins.

Firebirck, supported on Four 3-in. tables

Heating surface tubes 3,725 sq. ft.

Heating surface, water tubes 29 sq. ft.

Heating surface, firebox 20.3 sq. ft.

Heating surface, total 3,957 sq. ft.

Grate surface 55 sq. f t.

Grate, style Rocking

Ash pan, style * Hopper

Exhaust pipes Single

Exhaust nozzles 6%. dia.

Smoke stack, inside diameter 20 and 24 ins.

Smoke stack, top above rail 15 ft. 2% ins.

Boiler supplied by Two 11-in. new Nathan injectors

Tender.

Style Eight- wheeled

Weight, empty 56,580 lbs.

Wheels, number 8

Wheels, diameter 33 ins.

Journals, diameter and length 5% ins. dia x 10 ins.

Wheel base 18 ft. ins.

Tender frame 13-in. channel steel

Tender trucks B. W. cast steel bolster

Water capacity 7,500 U. S. gallons

Coal capacity 16 tons

Brake American outside equalized driver brakes

Westinghouse tender and train brakes, 11-in. pump

OF interest to builders and designers of American
locomotives is a letter from Consul-General J.
H. Worman, stating that the Bavarian government
has decided to construct a large number of new loco-
motives from the designs of the American locomotives
introduced by the railways of Bavaria nearly four
years ago. During the next two years 40 locomotives
are to be replaced by 70 new locomotives, and 5,000,000
marks ($1,190,000) are to be expended for this pur-
pose. The two locomotive building establishments in
Munich, the large establishment of Maffei, as well as
that of Kraus, are to be favored in the distribution of
these contracts.

A Washington press dispatch states that fifteen of the
Interstate Commerce Commission's inspectors of railway
safety appliances were presented to President Roosevelt
on Dec. 17 by Edward A. Mosely, secretary. The inspec-
tors were in Washington in connection with an applica-
tion for an extension of time for the adoption of the
safety appliances required by act of congress.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

HE American Society of Mechanical Engi-
neers convened for its forty-eighth meeting
at its house in New York City, Tuesday
evening, December 1, 1903. After an in-
formal gathering of an hour or two, the
members were called to order. President
James M. Dodge then delivered his presi-
dential address, on the "Money Value of
Technical Training," in which he made a
very careful comparison of the eminence attained by the
technically trained man, the trade school graduate, the
shop trained man and the unskilled laborer, pointing out
that the progress of the world calls for a better and
more speedy means of producing trained men than
could ever be developed by the methods of self-in-
struction.

The business meeting opened Wednesday morning at
10 o'clock in Mendelssohn Hall, the first thing on the
program being the presentation of reports of the various
committees. The tellers of election of members pre-
sented their report through the secretary, showing that
58 new full members had been elected and that the total
increase of membership by reason of election was 119.
The secretary presented the report of the tellers of
election of officers for the ensuing -year, which resulted
as follows : President, Ambrose Swasey, Cleveland, O. ;
vice-presidents, Prof. D. S. Jacobus, Hoboken, N. J. ;
M. L. Holman, Saint Louis, Mo.; W. J. Keep, Detroit,
Mich. ; managers, George I. Rock wood, Worcester,
Mass.; J. W. Lieb, Jr., New York City; Asa M. Mat-
tice, Pittsburg, Pa; treasurer, William H. Wiley New
York City, re-elected.

The committee report on standard specifications for
boiler plate, rivet steel, steel castings and steel forgings,
presented by Prof. Spangler, met with a vigorous discus-
sion and criticisms by several members. Upon motion
the subject was finally referred to "Committee No. 1."
It is understood that this committee will have authority
to go over the entire matter and revise it.

It was moved that a committee be appointed to pre-
pare a history of the society and its organization, em-
bracing its records and description of relics, portraits
and library. This motion was adopted and before ad-
journment the president appointed a committee to this
end.

Having disposed of the preliminary business, the first
paper of the program was presented by Mr. Frank
Richards. In this paper, entitled "Is Anything the Mat-
ter with Piece Work?" the author attempted to show
that the premium plan is essentially the same as piece
work, except that it is not so fair to the workman be-
cause it does not pay him a uniform price per unit of
work done regardless of output. This paper was fol-
lowed by one presented by Mr. H. L. Gantt on "Modify-
ing Systems of Management," in which he dealt with
the difficulty of starting a premium or bonus system.

"What Are the New Machine Tools To Be?" is the
title of a paper by Prof. John E. Sweet. It is first sug-

gested that machine tools must be largely redesigned
to meet the demands and the later possibilities in high
speeds, increased feeds and heavy drives. The machines
must be made not merely stronger, but must be changed
in form in many cases. For instance, it is stated that a
complete box is thirteen times more rigid against tor-
sion and four times more rigid against bending than if
the same materal is in the form of side plates with thin
cross girts.

By invitation the Thursday morning session was held
in the main lecture hall of Stevens Institute of Technol-
ogy, at Hoboken, N. J. The meeting was opened by the
reading in abstract by the secretary of Prof. W. B.
Gregory's paper, the "Pitot Tube." Attention was called
to this simple, efficient instrument for measuring the
velocity of fluids. Reference was made to several for-
mer reports and papers and a description with diagrams
was given of a simple form of Pitot tube, together with
the results of tests made on the Mississippi River. . .

"A Method for Determining Rates and Prices for
Electric Power," by Mr. Frank B. Perry, General Elec-
tric Company, was the next subject presented. This
dealt with defects of the ordinary "step" system of rates
for charging consumers of power by electric companies
and the author formulated a method for paying by kilo-
watt-hour, which would produce uniform results.

"Tests of a Compound Engine, Using Superheated
Steam," by Prof. D. S. Jacobus, Stevens Institute, fol-
lowed. In a discussion Professor Jacobus said -that the
cylinder proportions were not the best for saturated
steam, but that he considered that a saving of 15 per
cent due to this amount of superheat can be safely
counted upon. Some discussion was held upon the dif-
ficulty of regulating the degree of superheat, and it was
stated that by running a by-pass round the superheater
or by providing an additional outlet for the steam after
passing the superheater, thus enabling a larger amount
to be passed through in a given time, the degree of
superheat can be regulated closely.

The paper by Mr. Edward F. Miller, "Pressure Tem-
perature Curve of Sulphurous Anhydride," gave the re-
sults of an investigation of the properties of sulphurous
anhydride similar to those on which the tables of the
properties of saturated steam have been constructed.
The results were presented in both tabular and diagram-
matic form. Of this paper there was no discussion and
the program was continued by taking up the "Construc-
tion and Efficiency of a Fleming Four-Valve Engine
Directly Connected to 400-Kilowatt Generator," by Ben-
jamin T. Allen. This paper contained a short descrip-
tion of this type of engine, in which the valves, which
are somewhat similar to the Corliss type, are positively
actuated by a system of bell cranks. Sample indicator
cards were shown, and (he result of five tests was given,
the best of which at about 7-10 load gave a water-rate
of 12.33 pounds, with an indicated horsepower of 348.
According to the results, the efficiency of the engine did
not vary widely from one-sixth load to a little over full
load.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

The next paper considered was entitled "Slide Rules
for the Machine Shop as a Part of the Taylor System
of Management," by Carl G. Barth, who described a
method of constructing slide rules which will solve rela-
tions between cutting speeds, depth of cut and feed, con-
sidering the material and class of tool steel. The data
used was obtained from many experiments made by Mr.
Taylor in regard to resistance in cutting steel and iron.
This rule is intended for use in shops in order to deter-
mine quickly the most efficient feed or speed, knowing
the other factors of material, tool steel, etc.

Mr. F. A. Scheffler's paper, "Suggestions for Shop
Construction" was the last paper presented at the morn-
ing session. He discussed a proposed arrangement for
an electric manufacturing plant, consisting of seven
buildings arranged radially, with administration build-
ing in the center and material and shipping tracks con-
necting the different buldings.

The members reassembled in the auditorium in the
afternoon to listen to an address, accompanied by ex-
periments, by Dr. Hans Goldschmidt on the use of
"Thermot" in welding steel and iron.

The Friday morning's session was opened by Mr. C.
A. Morgan's paper, "A Compact Gas Engine of the
Beam Type." The engine is of the inverted beam type,
two cylinders operating on the two-cycle principle being
connected to the opposite ends of a working beam from
which a third arm drives the crank-shaft through a
connecting rod. The valves are a combination of pop-
pet and piston valve and are operated in a decidedly
novel manner directly from the working beam without
eccentrics or cams. The valve gear is of the releasing
type with dash-pots. The author called attention to the
immense waste in the gases from blast furnaces and coke
ovens for the utilization of which his engine is more
especially intended.

The next paper was a plea for the institution of a
"Standard Unit of Refrigeration," by Mr. J. C. Bertsch.
He directed attention to the extensive employment of
mechanical refrigeration, and especially to the rapid in-
crease in its use in the last few years. The writer, an
expert in this line, says that sooner or later it will be
applied to our dwellings and public halls not only to re-
place the ice in the refrigerators, but to furnish also
cooler and better air in the hot season of the year.

Prof. W. F. M. Goss presented a paper on "A Series
Distillery Apparatus of High Efficiency," in which he
gave a very complete description of a distilling appa-
ratus consisting of a succession of chambers, in each of
which the liquid to be vaporized is successively raised in
temperature, and in all but the first of which some vap-
orization occurs, the process continuing until all is
changed to vapor. Heat is supplied at only the last
chamber, and all the vapor produced starts from that on
a return circulation, passing the chambers successively,
giving tip a portion of heat to each, a portion of the
vapor being condensed thereby, until at the end of the
series the condensation is completed.

A Device for Grinding Piston Rods.

A paper on "Air Motors and Air Hammers," by Mr.
Max H. Wickhorst, was read by the secretary. The
paper described the apparatus and methods employed in
testing air impelled tools used by the Chicago, Burling-
ton & Quincy Railroad. The principal facts to be de-
termined were the air consumption, horsepower and
stalling load of motors, the number and force of ham-
mer blows, etc. A written discussion was presented by
Mr. Hobart in which he contended that the apparatus
was useful for obtaining comparative results only.

The concluding paper of the meeting was by Mr.
Sterling H. Bunnell, "An Improvement in Valve Motion
of Duplex Air Compressors." The improvement de-
scribed applies to the inlet valves of the air cylinders in
connection with the Meyer cut-off for the steam cylin-
ders of duplex air compressors. Diagrams and explana-
tions of the valve staying were included, and a state-
ment as to the advantages gained over the use of the
ordinary pocket valve.

The attendance of the several sessions was good and
the total attendance was larger than at any previous
meeting, the register showing a total of members and
guests of 837. About a hundred members availed them-
selves of the privilege of visiting the Trenton Works of
the De Laval Steam Turbine Company on the excursion
of Friday afternoon.

It is regretted that lack of space will not permit us
to include any of the valuable papers read, which form
interesting additions to existing technical literature.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

A Useful Device for Grinding Piston Rods

/k USEFUL device for quickly grinding the ends of
piston rods and for securing a good fit between
the piston rod and cross-head, has been placed in serv-
ice in the Collinwood shops of the Lake Shore and Mich-
igan Southern Railway. The accompanying engraving
from a photograph illustrates the device very clearly. The
cross-head is held securely by the vise shown on the
floor. The end of the rod is placed therein and is held
in a vertical position by the bracket shown bolted to the

end of the bench. A clamp is attached to the rod above
the bracket, which in turn is connected by a pin to the
jaws at the end of the connecting rod shown. By a
suitable arrangement of gears and crank the power de-
rived from an air machine is made to give an oscillating
motion to the rod, a means of grinding which is found
much more satisfactory than the old hand method. In
order that continuous grooves may not be cut in the sur-
faces of the rod and cross-head, the operator gives the
rod an occasional vertical motion by a stick which he
places between the bracket and clamp.

Improvements at the Schenectady Works of the American Locomotive

Company

^\ INCE the acquisition of the Schenectady works by
VJ the American Locomotive Company a number of
changes have been made in the use of the several build-
ings constituting the plant, and many improved facili-
ties are being added. The original plant on the south
side of the Erie Canal having become inadequate and
no accommodation being available immediately adjacent,
it was_ necessary to secure land on the opposite side of
the canal. This was done some time ago and the erec-
tion of suitable buildings has been rapidly advanced.

The building now used as the cylinder shop was orig-
inally the blacksmith shop. It is arranged in two bays,
the main bay being occupied by machines for the heavier
work on cylinder castings, boring, planing, etc., and is
served by three electric traveling cranes. Machines for
lighter work, such as cylinder heads, steam chests, steam
chest covers, piston valves, bushings, etc., are placed in
a side bay where they are served by light traveling hoists.
Machines in this shop are arranged in groups and elec-
trically driven.

The old boiler shop has recently been converted into
a frame shop, while the old foundry has been rearranged
for a wheel shop. The old hammer shop has been torn
down and in the position which it occupied is being
erected a five story brick building supported by a steel
frame in which the office drawing room and store rooms

are to be located. Its position being the most conven-
iently available from the several buildings on both sides
of the canal makes it the most appropriate location for
the store house. A new building is being constructed

Fig. 2 — Centre Bay of New Boiler Shop — Schenec-
tady Works of the American Locomotive Co.

for finishing locomotives, on the site on which the tender
frame shop was previously located. This building is to
be equipped with a light traveling crane and the neces-
sary machine tools for finishing locomotives after they
have reached such stages in construction that it is prac-
tical to transfer them from the erecting shop, thus mak-
ing room to forward the construction of others.

Fig. 1 — Interior of New Hammer Shop — Schenec-
tady Works of the American Locomotive Co.

Fig. 3-

Showing Structural Work of New Foundry
Schenectady Works of the American
Locomotive Company.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

BlWUM „

Fig. 4 — Interior of New Blacksmith Shop —

Schenectady Works of the American

Locomotive Company.

A new tank shop is being constructed in which tanks
will be finished complete and painted before being re-
moved from the shop. The building is .600 ft. by 175
ft. and is constructed of rjrick Upon a framing of steel,
a construction which has been consistently followed in
the erection of the new buildings about the plant. The
building is divided into three bays, each of which is
served by a Niles electric traveling crane. The capacity
of the crane serving the main center bay is 40 tons,
while each side bay is served by a crane of 10 tons
capacity.

The new hammer shop, interior view of which is pre-
sented herewith by Fig. 1, is 85 ft. by 650 ft. In it
are located 10 steam hammers of Chambersburg and
Bement-Niles manufacture and space provided for the
addition of four more hammers. Each hammer is served 1
by a steam generating furnace and two jib cranes.

A new shop has been erected for drop hammer and
die work. Machines in service in "the drop hammer shop

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and machine tools in a small machine shop adjacent
thereto are driven by electric motors. In order that
one or the other of the two groups may be operated at
a time, the heavier machines in the drop hammer shop
are connected to a large 63 horse power motor, and the
machine tools are driven by a small motor of 35 horse
power. i I I

A view of the interior of the foundry is presented
by Fig. 3. The building is 650 ft. by 175 and
is divided into three bays. The main center bay is
served by 35 ton Niles electric traveling cranes and local
hoisting work is done by jib cranes. Transfer of mate-
rial is further facilitated by lorry tracks.

The boiler shop is 650 ft. by 175 and divided into three
bays, as shown by the accompanying illustration, Fig. 2.
The main bay in which the heavy work is done is served
by three traveling cranes of 35 tons capacity, one of
which is of Shaw manufacture and the other two are
Niles cranes. Punches, shears, etc., are located in one

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Fig. 5 — Interior of New Blacksmith Shop — Schen-
ectady Works of the American Locomotive Co.

Fig, 6 — Interior of New Cylinder Shop — Schen-
ectady Works of the American Locomotive Co.

of the side bays, where they are served by three travel-
ing cranes of 10 tons capacity, manufactured by the
Niles Co. Both this side bay and the main bay are
equipped with jib cranes for local use. The fires, etc.,
are located in the third bay, a part of which is arranged
for staybolt and flue work. The heavy machinery, riv-
eters, accumulators, etc,, are located -in one end of , the
building. .

All material for the boiler shop is unloaded in the yard
at the east end of the building. The work begins at this
end of the shop, the sheets being carried first to the lay-
out benches, from which point the cranes continue them
to the punches, shears, rolls and drills, the shells finally
reaching the riveters. In the mean time all flange work
has been going on in the opposite bay and the parts are
finally brought to the centre bay where they are as-
sembled. Upon completion all boilers are thoroughly
tested before leaving the boiler shop.

In converting the old boiler shop to the present frame
shop, the riveters were removed and the ventilators re-

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 7 — General Plan — Schenectady Works of the American Locomotive Company.

placed by sky lights. The machines for heavy work are
located in the centre bay, where they are served by three
electric traveling cranes of twenty tons capacity, which
were installed by the Morgan Engineering Company
when the shop was used for boiler work. Light machines
are in the side bay and the whole machine tool equipment
is driven by two 60 h. p. General Electric Motors, one lo-
cated in each side bay. Adjacent to the north bay is a

bolt room well equipped with bolt cutting machines.

All shop buildings of the entire plant, on both sides of
the canal, are connected by standard gauge tracks. There
are two traveling jib cranes in service, which operate up-
on standard gauge tracks, for transporting material,
which have been found very serviceable in saving both
time and labor. They were manufactured by the Indus-
trial Works, Bay City, Michigan.

Freight Locomotive— Chesapeake & Qhio Railway

THROUGH the courtesy of Mr. J. F. Walsh, super-
intendent of Motive Power of the Chesapeake and
Ohio Railway, we are enabled to present herewith a
photograph and the principal dimensions of one of the
standard consolidation locomotives recently built for
that road by the Richmond Works of the American Loco-
motive Company. The engines are designed for service
on all of the several divisions of the road. They are

giving satisfactory service both from the standpoint of
economy and popularity with the enginemen who have
handled them. The firebox is of the modified wide type
for burning bituminous coal and the valves are of the
piston type. The cab is made- of steel, presenting a neat
appearance and a design simple of construction. For
convenience and for economy of space the main reser-
voir is placed on the rear of the tender.

Freight Locomotive — Chesapeake & Ohio Railway.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

By the usual formula the tractive effort is 41 100; the
ratio of weight on drivers to tractive effort is 4.05; the
ratio of tractive effort to total heating surface is 13.6
and the ratio of total heating surface to grate area is
64.5. The ratio of total heating surface to firebox heat-
ing surface is 19.25 ; the ratio of firebox heating sur-
face to grate area 3.35 ; the ratio of total heating surface
to volume of both cylinders is 245.4 an d the ratio of
grate area to volume of both cylinders is 3.8.

The further interesting features are evident from the
following table :

General Dimensions.

Gauge 4 ft. 9 ins.

Fuel Bituminous coal.

Weight in working order 186,225 lbs.

Weight on drivers 166,875 lbs.

Weight engine and tender in working order 305,525 lbs.

Wheel base, driving 17 ft. in.

Wheel base, rigid 17 ft. in.

Wheel base, total 25 ft. 3 ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and tender 54 ft. lOMs ins.

Cylinders.

Diameter of cylinders 22 ins.

Stroke of piston 28 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston 6 ins.

Diameter of piston rod 4 ins.

Kind of piston packing Plain rings.

Kind of piston rod packing Jerome Elliott.

Size of steam ports 1% ins.

Size of exhaust ports 2%, ins.

Size of bridges 1% ins.

Valves.

Kind of slide valves Piston.

Greatest travel of slide valves 5% ins.

Outside lap of slide valves . . . 1 in.

Inside lap of slide valves in.

Lead of valves in full gear in.

Kind of valve stem packing Jerome Elliott.

Transmission bar With.

Wheels, Etc.

Number of driving wheels 8.

Diameter of driving wheels outside of tire. . '. 56 ins.

Material of driving wheels, centers Cast steel.

Thickness of tire 3 ins.

Tire held by Shrinkage.

Driving box material Cast steel.

Diameter and length of driving journals. .9x9% in. dia. x 10.

Diam. and length of main crank pin journals.. 7 in. dia. x 6%.

Diameter and length of side rod crank pin journals

• 7% in. dia. x 5 3-16.

Section of rods, main "P' side, "I."

Engine truck, kind 2-wheeled swing motion.

Engine truck, journals 5% in. dia. x 9%.

Diameter of engine truck wheels 30 ins.

Kind of engine truck wheels. .. ."Standard" steel tired, spoke.
Boiler.

Style Extended wagon top, wide fire box.

Outside diameter of first ring 70 ins.

Working pressure 200 lbs.

Material of barrel and outside of fire box

Cen. I. & S. Co.'s steel.

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of fire box

% in., 13-16 in., 11-16 in. and % in.

Horizontal seams Butt jointed, sextuple riveted.

Circumferential seams Double riveted.

Fire box, length 90 ins.

Fire box, width .75 ins.

Fire box, depth , front, 73 ins.; back, 61% ins.

Fire box, material Cen. I. & S. Co.'s steel.

Fire box plates, thickness „

sides, % in.; back, % in.; crown, % in.; tube sheets, % in.
Fire box, water space

front, 4 ins.; sides, 3% ins.; back, 3% ins.

Fire box, crown staying Radial, 1% ins. dia.

Fire box, stay bolts 1 in. dia.

Tubes, material and gauge National No. 11.

Tubes, number 370 x 11-16 rear, 23-32 front.

Tubes, diameter 2 ins. O. D.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 14 ft. 9 ins.

Fire brick, supported on Water tubes.

Heating surface, tubes 2841.38 sq. ft.

Heating surface, water tubes .26.04 sq. ft.

Heating surface, fire box 157.08 sq. ft.

Heating surface, total 3024.55 sq. ft.

Grate surface 46.87 sq. ft.

Grate, style Rocking, 2-section.

Ash pan, style Sectional.

Exhaust pipes Single.

Exhaust nozzles 5% ins., 5% ins. and 5% ins. dia.

Smoke stack, inside diameter 16 ins. tapered to 17 ins.

Smoke stack, top above rail. ...» 14 ft. 11% ins.

Boiler supplied by 2 No. 10 Hancock injectors.

Tender.

Style Channel steel frame with water bottom tank.

Weight, empty - 48,600 lbs.

Wheels, number 8.

Wheels, diameter 33 ins.

Journals, diameter and length 5% ins. dia. x 10 ins.

Wheel base 18 ft. 1% ins.

Tender frame Channel steel.

Tender trucks "Stirlingworth,"

Water capacity 6000 U. S. gallons.

Coal capacity 10 tons.

Railroad Shop Tools

By Charles H. Fitch
IX

E have already described the Ajax forging
^Lm/ rolls, by use of which a variety of shapes
can be quickly and cheaply drawn down to
taper by the movement of revolving dies
through part of a revolution. The move-
ment of the work in these rolls is in a
plane perpendicular to the axis of the rolls.
Its length must, therefore, be limited to
such a fraction of the circumference of the
rolls as will admit the passage of the work through
them with reasonable clearance between the work
and the portion of the dies which form the end of it,
in a taper piece, the small end of the taper being rolled
last.

Rolling, however, in a broader sense, is not limited
by this construction. It may be continuous, as in the

Fig. 1 — -Vertical and Horizontal Arrangement of
Rolls.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 2 — Engine Driven Rolls Manufactured by
Wickes Bros.

rolling of merchant bar and tubes, and peculiar and
valuable results may be had from the use in combina-
tion of rolls set askew, and dies formed in the sur-
faces of conical or sphero-conical rolls. Such are
some English types of flange-rolling machines, and
the devices for producing Mannesmann tubes. No
more interesting application of conical rolls can be
found than that which originated in Chicago, the in-
vention of Frank C. Caldwell, for the continuous roll-
ing of the flights of helicoid conveyors. There re-
mains a great deal more to be done in the processes
of rolling material in the place of milling or cutting
it. The latter removes the skin, or earliest cooled por-
tion, hardest to resist wear, while rolling retains it.

Such methods of rolling will apply in railroad as
in other work, but for the present, apart from roll-
cutting and the forging of comparatively short taper
pieces, the chief use of rolls is in the time-honored
machinery for straightening and bending plates in
boiler work.

Antecedent to rolling and other machine forging
was, of course, hand work. In this formers were used,
plates for fireboxes, saddles, etc., being forged over
them with sledge and hammer, until these methods
were superseded by use of heavy hydraulic flanging
machinery. The formers were held by clamping in
long vises by means of screw jacks. Pneumatic vises
have also been used for quicker action on plate work,

and there is no reason why hydraulic power should
not be employed.

Plate-bending rolls are not only machines for roll-
ing plate, but combine with this function that of a
vise with rolling instead of fixed jaws. Rolling plates
is a process of peining or swaging upon long lines or
cylindrical elements. The outside of the plate is
stretched, and the inside is compressed, to form a cyl-
inder, which retains the diameter determined by this
stretching and compressing. If plates are curved or
warped they are restored to plane surfaces by
straightening rolls in which several sets of rollers
above and below are employed, but for forming boiler
cylinders only three rollers are used, two being driven
by power, while the third one, revolving idly, is ad-
justable for bending, so that by moving it the curve
required may be given.

Where plates are very heavy the weight of the
plates affects uniformity of curvature, and the large
shipyards find that they can handle plates better with
vertical rolls, but locomotive boilers do not have very
thick plates, nor very great variety in dimensions,
and railroad shops commonly use two geared hori-
zontal rolls side by side, and a movable bending roll
above, midway between them. This is called the
pyramidal form. It does not bring the edges of the
plate to a true curve. Another form of machine has
two power-driven rolls, one above the other, while
the bending roll is advanced in an oblique line. This
makes a uniform curve, but unless eprcycle and com-
pensating gears are used, one power roll rubs over the
plate after it is curved, calendaring it, which is objec-
tionable.

The two types are shown in sketch Figure 1. The
pyramidal type is more commonly used as being on
the whole more simple and satisfactory. Such rolls
made by Wickes Bros., Saginaw, Mich., are shown in
Figure 2. In these the bending roll is seen to be
larger in diameter than the power-driven rolls, and to

Fig. 3 — Electric Motor Driven Rolls Manufactured by Hilles & Jones Co. Top Roll Operated by Hand.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

Fig. 4 — Electric Motor Driven Rolls Manufactured by Hilles & Jones Co.

Individual Motor.

Top Roll Operated by

prevent the latter from yielding under their work
short roller bearings are placed in the middle.

We have all heard the story of the man who built
a machine and had to take down his shop to get it out
as an illustration of the lack of forethought. Bending
rolls are commonly built with this provision. Where
cylinders are rolled in one sheet, as consists with the
best practice for ordinary diameters, it is necessary
to make special provision for their removal after roll-
ing. The outer top roll housing is mounted in trun-
nions, so that it may be swung down to permit the
rolled cylinder (boiler shell) to be drawn out side-
wise. To make this easy by giving clearance and re-
lief from the weight of the top roll, this roll is ex-
tended (it is usually of forged iron) in a long taper
balance bar, to the end of which a hand screw may be
applied, lifting the roll by leverage upon the inner
housing.

Plates are bent with one pass, the heaviest plate
being handled at ten or twelve feet per minute.

A number of railroad shops have tools which mark
an epoch prior to the convenient application of elec-
tric motors for individual machine drive. In the
boiler shop v{here. machines are few and powerful,
and the use of shafting was always undesirable, sep-
arate steam engines were installed, an expense which
would now hardly be considered. The arrangement,
then the best obtainable and still available in excep-
tional circumstances, is shown in Fig. 2, rolls by Wickes
Bros., Saginaw, Mich., driven by duplex reversing en-
gines. The C. & N. W. shop arrangement for driving
rolls was even more elaborate,, there being two pairs of
vertical engines, one pair for each live roll. Such in-
stallations are expensive in first cost, and as the use of
steam in such small engines is -Uneconomical, it is prob-
ably onlv a question of a short, time before these engines
give place to electrical drive.

The idle roll whose position determines the curva-
ture, may be fed uniformly at each end by actuating
the nuts of the vertical feed screws by power gearing.
This is usual in ship work, where plates have to be
rolled of thicknesses of 5 inches or more, and often
"out of wind," so that the problem of rolling involves
much more than usual with the light plates and

straight work on locomotive boilers. Illustrations of
up-to-date machines for locomotive work are shown
in Figure 3, rolls driven by electric motor, top roll
operated by hand, and in Figure 4 showing method
of driving by electric motor, with a separate motor
for raising and lowering the top roll.

Examples of roll equipment are the Du Bois shops,
Hilles bending rolls, one set No. o light and one set
No. 5, for plates up to twelve feet by Y\ inch, and
straightening rolls, all belt driven, and the new Col-
linwood shops, two sets bending rolls, Hilles No. 2,
the lighter, and Bement for plates 12 ft. 2 in. long by
% in. thick. These are driven by ten and twenty
horse-power variable speed motors, respectively, and
a set of Niles No. 3 plate straightening rolls is used,
requiring a ro horse power motor. The latter shops are
of much greater capacity than the former, and this
emphasizes the fact that plate rolls are an element in
machine plant in which capacity of work is so great that
small shops are at a disadvantage, requiring as expen-
sive machinery as large ones with less continuous use
for it.

Machines embodying the rolling principle and used
upon plate are those for shearing, splitting, beveling and
forming the edges of plates. Joggling machines are

Fig. 5 — Sectional View of Lennox Rotary Bevel
Shear.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

those used for forming a ribbed lap joint special to
ship work. A machine seen in nearly every large rail-
road shop is the Lennox rotary bevel shear made by
the Lennox Machine Co., of Marshalltown, Iowa, rep-
resented by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son of Chicago.
Few machines are more admirable than this in its labor-
saving qualities, neatness of design and adaptation to
its purposes. It expands the ability of a man to do a
class of work which for clean finish could not other-
wise be attempted.

Rolling cutters have some obvious advantages over
shear blades. They act at a contact point instead of
along a cylindrical element so that they can be used on
curved and irregular work, and at the same time the
cutting edges are out of contact with the work most
of the time, preventing heating even when work is done
as fast as a man can handle it.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the Lenox machine.
The bevel is on the lower cutter. The work is usually
held horizontal. The upper spindle has a small pivotal
movement adjustable by spring and set screw for thick-
ness of plate. The top cutter overlaps the lower one
about one-sixteenth of an inch, and small variations
in bevel may be made by letting out the lower cutter.
The upper cutter is reversible, and the machine will not
receive plates too thick for its capacity, usually limited
to }i inch, a convenient safeguard. The cutters pinch
and feed the work as they cut it. A guide roll is ope-
rated by hand wheel. Figure 6 shows one of these ma-

Fig. 6 — Lennox Rotary Bevel Shear Operated by
Individual Motor.

chines With direct motor drive, Figure 7, a furnace
flange in process of being beveled, the boiler head being
suspended on, center by temporary angles. Mr. A. A.
Akins, F. B. M., Chicago Great Western Shops at Oel-
wein, la., makes the following comparison of machine
and hand work on locomotive sheets, the machine re-
quiring one man at 23^ cts. an hour, with helper at
17/^ cts. an hour.

Machine. Hand.

Dome head, 29 inch 8 min. 360 min.

Crown sheet, 108x56 12 min. 540 min.

Firebox side sheet, 108x70 14 min. 600 min.

Door sheet, 56x56 10 min. 420 min.

Flue sheet, 56x71 11 min. - 570 min.

Translated into hours the dome head takes 6, etc., by
hand. The machine is 40 or 50 times as fast. The time
labor cost on the above sheets is about 40 cts. by ma-
chine, against $10 by hand, or 1 to 25. Labor of han-
dling is about the same by machine as by hand.

On some work the planer can be superseded, and the
rotary shear is a much more convenient tool than the
plate planer.

Splitting shears for straight work will handle 400 or
500 feet of plate in an hour, about 5 times as much as
by other methods. Compare this with the speed of roll-
ing the heaviest plate (statement attributed to Mr.
Cullen, Niles-Bement-Pond Co.), viz.: 10 or 12 feet
per minute, or at rate of 600 to 720 feet per hour. In
the" splitting shears the cutters are milled on edge so
that they will grip and feed the plate as it is being cut.

Fig. 7 — Beveling the Furnace Flanc;e of a Boiler

Head.

A Chicago mechanical engineer is putting in a central
heating system, to cost $250,000, for the Little Rock
(Ark.) Heating Co., a novel feature of this installation
being in the fact that the heating plant will utilize waste
steam from cross compound condensing engines under
vacuum conditions. The steam will be secured from the
Little Rock Traction & Light Co., who will place steam
from engines aggregating 4,000 horse-power at the dis-
posal of the healing plant.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

Cafe-Parlor Cars—Chicago Great Western Railway

THE Chicago Great Western Railway has recently
received seven cafe parlor cars for day trains and
a number of buffet-smoking cars for night trains, on its
new line to Omaha. These cars are similar in design to
the club cars now in service on the line between Chicago
and St. Paul, though they are in advance of the latter in
arrangement and equipment.

Two types of the buffet-smoking cars have been placed
in service, both of which have the smoking compartment.
In some of them, however, the remaining portion is
equipped with regular coach seats, while in others this
portion is used as a baggage car. The latter are illus-
trated herewith in plan.

The cafe parlor cars were first placed in service on
Sunday, December ,13, between Chicago, Minneapolis

platform is a 3-foot observation platform with brass rail-
ing and gates. The forward platform is fitted with the
usual swinging door designed to cut the view of the
kitchen compartment off from passengers passing from
car to car. The exterior of the car is painted in olive
green and decorated in gold, presenting a very attractive
appearance. A noticeable feature adding to the pleasing
appearance of the car are the many wide windows and
the small high windows in the kitchen and toilet rooms,
instead of the oval windows which have been so commonly
used in parlor cars.

An exterior view of the car is shown by Fig. 2,
while the distribution of the > several compartments is
shown by Fig. 3. The interior of the dining compart-
ment, looking to the rear, is shown by Fig. 4. In the

Fig. 1 — Plan of Combination Baggage and Buffett Smoking Car — C. G. W. Ry.

and St. Paul and between Chicago, Des Moines and
Omaha. The cars are thoroughly modern in every re-
spect and because of their elegant ornamentation and
equipment, as well as their many features arranged for
the convenience of travelers, they have been denominated
"house, cars" by the passenger department.

The body of the car weighs 75,000 pounds, trucks 35,-
300 pounds; total 110,300 pounds. They are 79 feet
long over all, 9 feet 8 inches wide over sheathing and are
carried on the usual six-wheel truck. The forward plat-
form is of the regulation wide-vestibule type and the rear

background appears the table and very artistic mirror
above the same in the rear of the parlor section, the lo-
cation of which can be noted in the floor plan. Fig. 5
is an interior of the parlor compartment looking for-
ward and showing the very tasteful mission type of com-
bined book case and writing desk. Fig. 6 is an interior
view of the smoking and observation room looking for-
ward in which the disposition of oval mirrors over the
corner sofa and with the gas globes between, appears
very clearly. The sofa is equipped with locker below for
bedding. Fig. 7 is a view looking toward the rear of

Fig. 2 — Exterior View of Observation-Cafe-Parlor Car— C. G. W. Ry.

Fig. 3 — Plan of Observation-Cafe-Parlor Car — C. G. W. Ry.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 4 — Interior View of Cafe Compartment—
C. G. W. Ry.

the smoking and observation compartment in which the
low glass observation windows and door are shown.

The kitchen compartment is 12 ft. 6 ins. long and con-
tains the most modern equipment throughout, including
conveniently located lockers, tables, range, broiler, etc.,
and a full quota of copper utensils, together with Bohn
white enamel refrigerator. Entry is had to the car by
a door opening into a passageway 2 ft. 2 ins. wide at the
left of the kitchen. A swinging door leads from the
latter passageway into the kitchen for the purpose of
serving instead of access being had through the butler's
pantry as is usual in full-dining car construction. An
acetylene gas generating outfit is located in the locker
immediately back of the kitchen at the left of the car,
as indicated, and on the opposite side a booth for the
heater and a wine and a fruit locker are installed. This
subdivision consumes 5 ft. 2 ins. of the length of the car.

Entry is had into the cafe portion through an arch
30 ins. wide and by reference to Figs. 3 and 4 it will
be seen that this room contains four tables — two large
and two small — with a total seating capacity of twelve
persons. The style of this room is colonial, and the de-
sign in consequence is very properly a plain one with
little carving to catch the dust, but unusually beautiful
woods are used, and the entire equipment, including the
brass chandeliers and hat hooks, were especially de-
signed, so that the result is a room which presents a
very ornamental ensemble. This compartment is 13 ft.
long, and it will be noticed at once upon reference to
the photo-engraving and line drawing that an unusual
amount of space is provided, making a very roomy cafe.

Immediately to the rear of the last named compartment
the men's and women's toilet rooms are located on
opposite sides of the car.

Just back of the cafe is the parlor portion of the car,
which is 18 ft. 8 ins. long and is illustrated in the re-
produced interior view, Fig. 5. This portion of the car
has the full wide windows on both sides with leather
upholstered wicker easy chairs, twelve in number, and
various other details designed for the complete comfort
of travelers. Like the dining room the style is colonial,
the walls being of green burlap with a frieze decorated
in relief in ivory, and with woodwork of light mahog-
any. The usual traditions of car design have been de-
parted from in this section so that it presents the ap-
pearance of a room in a house rather than a subdivision
of a car. The extent to which this is true may be had
by reference to the photo-engraving. At the rear end
of the room is a table for books and papers and over
the latter is a large oval muror set in an ivory colonial
frame, as illustrated in Fig. 4, and the book case and
writing desk is in the opposite corner, as previously
mentioned.

To the rear of the parlor, entry to which is had
through a swinging door at the extreme left, is the
smoking and observation room, which is 16 ft. 6 ins.
long. This room is, as its name implies, largely made
up of windows, and is provided with the same form
of easy chair as the parlor compartment, ten being fur-
nished. The wide corner seat is luxuriously upholstered
with a convenient small, round table. The observation
room, as is the whole car, is hansomely carpeted and
has an aisle strip in addition. The observation room is

Pig. 5 — Parlor Compartment — C. G. W. Ry.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

Fig. 6 — Observation Compartment — Looking For-
ward — C. G. W. Ry.

finished in the empire style with considerable ornamenta-
tion, as will be noted in Figs. 6 and 7, brass being
largely used in the decoration. The ceiling is domed,
and of an entirely original, and exceedingly attractive
design. The end windows and door are fitted with plate
glass extending down, nearly to the floor, as is shown in
the last view, and the wide observation platform is pro-
vided with an awning so that it may be used as a piazza
in the summer. These cars are heated by steam, lighted
by acetylene gas, and provided with hot and cold water.

The Pennsylvania Testing Laboratory at St. Louis

A BULLETIN has been distributed describing the
plan and scope of the work to be accomplished
by the locomotive testing laboratory which is to be in-
stalled at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition by the.
Pennsylvania Railroad as a part of its exhibit. The
formal announcement of the Pennsylvania Railroad Sys-
tem to provide the facilities for testing locomotives at
St. Louis was made before the conventions of the Amer-
ican Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Amer-
ican Railway Master Mechanics' Association, then
in session at Saratoga, June 25th, 1903. An outline of
the work contemplated was presented in our issue of
August, 1903.

The plant will be ready for preliminary running by
the first of March next, and in perfect running condi-
tion by the first of May, at which time formal work will
commence. The purpose of the whole work is to be
comprehensive and the endeavor will be to determine by
the use of locomotives presenting different characteris-
tics, the effect of the latter upon the economic perform-

Fig. 7 — Observation Compartment — Looking to
Rear— C. G. W. Ry.

ance, and the limits of the tractive power and boiler
capacities. It is planned to test twelve different loco-
motives, and it is hoped that a portion of this number
can be of foreign design and construction. The time to
be allowed to each locomotive will vary from twenty to
fourteen working days, the longer time being allowed
those which are tested when both men and equipment
will be new at the work. While it is not possible at
this time to present a complete list of the locomotives
which .will be tested, we understand that this matter is
now under careful consideration and will be announced
by the authorities in a later bulletin.

Personals

Charles A. Hino, of Wilkes-Barre, has been appointed
general foreman of the Lackawanna car shops in El-
mira, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Donald
W. Jackson. Mr. Hino during the last 17 years has
been connected with the Lake Shore and Lackawanna.

Mr. John R. Mcintosh has been appointed boiler in-
spector of the Grand Trunk, at Montreal, Que.

Mr. A. Buchanan, Jr., has been appointed superin-
tendent of motive power of the Central Vermont Rail-
road, with office at St. Albans, Vt.

Mr. T. M. Downing has resigned as master mechanic
of the St. Louis, Memphis and Southeastern and St.
Louis and Gulf, at Cape Girardeau, Mo., to accept a po-
sition with the Mobile, Jackson & Kansas City at Mo-
bile, Ala.

Mr. Joseph Walsh, general foreman of the locomotive
department of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis, at
Dennison, O., has been appointed general foreman of the
locomotive and car departments of the Toledo division
of the Pennsylvania Company, with headquarters at
Toledo, O.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Mr. W. W. Leeman, heretofore master mechanic of
the Chicago, Rock Island & Mexico at Dalhart, Tex.,
has been appointed master mechanic of the Chicago,
Rock Island & Pacific at Goodland, Kan.

Mr. James McDonough has been appointed master
mechanic of the Chicago, Rock Island & Mexico, with
office at Dalhart, Tex.

Mr. Alfred Owens has. been appointed storekeeper for
the Baltimore & Ohio at New Castle Junction, Pa.

It is stated that the offices of the motive power de-
partment of the Chicago Great Western are to be re-
moved from St. Paul, Minn., to Oelwein, la.

Mr. E. T. Munger has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad
of Chicago.

Mr. R. Preston, who was formerly master mechanic
of the Lake Superior division of the Canadian Pacific,
with headquarters at North Bay, Ont, has been trans-
ferred to the Ontario division, with headquarters at
Toronto Junction, Ont.

Mr. T. J. Cutler, formerly master mechanic at Fargo,
N. D., has been transferred to Missoula, Mont., as mas-
ter mechanic of the Rocky Mountain division of the
Northern Pacific.

Mr. Webb C. Ball has been appointed general time
inspector of the Illinois Central, Chicago & Eastern
Illinois and Yazoo & Mississippi railroads, with head-
quarters at Chicago, vice J. W. Forsinger. Effective
December 5, 1903.

Mr. Elliot Summer, formerly assistant engineer of mo-
tive power of the Pennsylvania in Buffalo, has been
transferred to Altoona.

Mr. P. T. Lonergan, of the Rutland, has been ap-
pointed master mechanic of the Boston & Albany in
West Springfield.

Mr. Joseph Stehlin has been appointed mechanical
engineer of the engineering department of the New
York Central.

Mr. C. A. Snyder, foreman of the shops of the Gulf,
Colorado & Santa Fe at Gainesville, Tex., has been
transferred to a similar position at Galveston, Tex. Mr.
C. C. Walker, road foreman of engines, has been placed
in temporary charge of the Gainesville shops, to succeed
Mr. Snyder.

Mr. Frank Cain has resigned as master mechanic of
the Louisiana & Arkansas, and that office has been abol-
ished. Mr. F. A. Symonds has been appointed foreman
of shops, with headquarters at Stamps, Ark.

The directors of the Midland Railway of England
have appointed Mr. Richard Mountford Deeley, locomo-
tive works manager at Derby, chief locomotive superin-
tendent, succeeding Mr. S. W. Johnson, who is retiring.
Mr. Deeley is succeeded in his former position by Mr.
Cecil Paget.

Mr. J. J. Williams has been appointed general fore-
man of shops of the Pennsylvania Lines at Dennison, O.

Mr. J. F. Osborne has been appointed acting master
mechanic of the Saratoga and Champlain divisions of
the Delaware & Hudson, with office at Green Island,
N. Y.

Mr. W. B. Ott has been appointed assistant engineer
of motive power of the Buffalo & Allegheny Valley di-
vision of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Buffalo, N. Y.

Mr. George A. Bruce, master mechanic of the Supe-
rior and Mesaba divisions of the Great Northern, has
been appointed master mechanic of the Eastern district,
with headquarters at Saint Paul, Minn.

Mr. L. E. Woglemuth, chief draughtsman of the Chi-
cago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, has been ap-
pointed mechanical engineer, with office at St. Paul,
Minn.

Mr. B. R. Moore has been appointed assistant super-
intendent of motive power and machinery of the Chi-
cago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, with headquarters
at Sioux City, la.

Mr. J. E. Anderson has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Mexican International, with office at Mon-
clova, Mexico.

Mr. E. A. Gilbert has resigned as master car builder
of the Southern Pacific at San Francisco, Cal.

Effective November 1, Mr. Charles B. Morrill has
been appointed general western passenger agent, with
office at Troy, N. Y., succeeding Mr. C. A. Nimmo, re-
signed to accept service with another company.

Notes of the Month

Hoisting rope of every description for elevators, mines,
coal hoists, ore hoists, conveyors, etc., is described and illus-
trated in a neat pamphlet which is being distributed by the
American Steel & Wire Company, Chicago.

The Armstrong Brothers Tool Company has sent us a copy
of their latest catalogue illustrating their tool holding de-
vices, and including a tool holder history.

Mr. Willis C. Squire, mechanical engineer, has been elected
vice-president of the Locomotive Appliance Company, with
offices at 1614, 1615 and 1616 Chemical building, St. Louis,
Mo. Mr. Squire is well known as mechanical engineer for the
Frisco System, and previous to that as engineer of tests for
the Santa Fe System. His large experience in railroad and
locomotive work especially fits him for the business in which
he is now engaged.

Level, Straight and Comfortable.— The roads of the New
York Central Lines, over which run hourly trains, occupy
the Natural highway between the East and West. A water
level for one thousand miles between Chicago and New
York, along the shore of Lake Erie and Lake Michigan,
through the Mohawk Valley and beside the Hudson River.
A route, level and straight, and offering comforts and con-
veniences, unsurpassed. Send a two-cent stamp to George
H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station,
New York, for a copy of the illustrated catalogue of New
York Central's "Four-Track Series."

We are in receipt of a catalogue from the David Bell En-
gineering Works, Buffalo, N. Y., devoted exclusively to steam
hammers, of which this company makes a specialty in ten
sizes, from 250 lbs. to 1600 lbs. falling weight. These ham-
mers, as shown and described in the catalogue, are furnished
from comparatively new and improved patterns and embody
the very best features, which have been found essential after
many years of experience in this line. The company's sales
during the past year have exceeded those of any previous
year, and include 48 hammers, and in spite of the general
dullness of trade they shipped seven hammers la si month,
which is more than in any other month of the year. These
48 hammers, actually finished and shipped, represent a total
falling weight of 34,350 lbs., am! a total shipping nel weighl
of 558,400 lbs. They have been shipped to practical every
part of this country, besides numerous export shipments.
Their field is constantly Increasing) which is thoughl to be
due to some extent to these hammers having taken their

place among Ihe high grade machine iools. in place of being
built in an indifferent fashion, with the Idea that anything
will do as long as it will hammer.

3°

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

During the past few years, the motive power and rolling
stock of railroads, and the heavy machinery in mills through-
out the world, have undergone a complete revolution, and in
order to keep pace with the modern requirements of heavy
freight and high-speed passenger locomotives and modern
mills machinery, the question of bearings became a serious
one. The duty of a handsomely arranged and peculiarly at-
tractive circular pamphlet issued by the Damascus Bronze
Company, of Pittsburg, Pa., is to solve this question by di-
recting attention to Damascus Nickel Bronze Bearing Metal.

The Georgia Car Company, of Atlanta, Ga., have the follow-
ing orders for freight equipment: Four flat cars of 60,000
lbs. capacity, 40 ft. long, equipped with automatic couplers
and Westinghouse air brakes, for the Greenbrier & Elk River
R. R.; eight box cars of 50,000 lbs. capacity, equipped with
automatic couplers and Westinghouse air brakes, for the
Georgia Northern Ry.; and are building for the Coal River
& Western R. R., five drop bottom gondola cars of 50,000 lbs.
capacity, equipped with automatic couplers and Westing-
house air brakes; five flat cars of 50,000 lbs. capacity, 36 ft.
long, equipped with automatic couplers and Westinghouse air
brakes; two box cars of 50,000 lbs. capacity, 36 ft. long,
equipped with automatic couplers and Westinghouse air
brakes.

The growth of the associations and erection of new build-
ings during the year 1903 has been the largest in any single
year of the history of the Railroad Department of the Young-
Men's Christian Association. This has included a building-
devoted strictly to the use of men in street railway work, as
well as sixteen well equipped buildings for railroad men
generally. The fact that this number of buildings has been
secured is an indication of satisfactory, substantial and
permanent growth, and of the favor of the railroad officials
and companies. The growing interest of railroad men is in-
dicated by an increase, during the year, of over twelve thou-
sand in the membership.

It is also of interest to know that additional railroad sys-
tems have, during the present year, committed themselves to
hearty co-operation with this movement. As in the past, the
cost of construction of buildings and their maintenance has
been shared both by railroad men and the corporations.

The Electric Club announces that it will issue an illus-
trated monthly magazine to be styled the Electric Club Jour-
nal. The first number will appear Feb. 1, 1904.

The immediate purpose is to put into permanent form the
engineering papers and technical discussions that form a
regular part of the work of the Electric Club. Many of the
papers will be written by the engineering staff of a leading-
electric company, and much of the material will pertain to
the latest apparatus and to the newest problems in engineer-
ing work. This matter will be published in a form suited to
the needs of intelligent young men.

The Journal will also publish other material of special in-
terest and value to members of the club.

The circulation of the Electric Club Journal is not re-
stricted to the members of the club, but the privilege of sub-
scribing is extended to others.

We have been favored with a clearly illustrated cata-
logue describing the principle of the surface condenser
manufactured by the Cosmopolitan Power Company, of Chi-
cago. Its principle is based upon the fundamental fact that
the thermal conductivity of water in a solid body is very
low — so low, indeed, that only about 12% B. T. U.'s per square
foot per hour could be conducted from face to face of a
thin sheet of water % inch thick for every degree of differ-

ence in the temperatures of the faces; but this same water,
broken up into minute particles, and coming in contact with
a hot metal, produces a vaporous gas which is a vigorous
absorbent of heat.

The thermal conductivity of copper is five hundred times
that of water in solid bodies. Therefore copper tubes are
used in the construction of the condenser and the injection
or spray water is broken up into minute particles. By means
of a sprinkling- device — the perforations in which are but
25-1000 of an inch in diameter — the water is driven against
the tube-head and drawn into and through copper tubes by
means of an exhaust-fan. The spray water coming in con-
tact with the hot tubes (the tubes are surrounded by steam)
produces vapor or vaporous gas, which is the medium by
which the latent heat is absorbed, and the fan the vehicle
for the removal of same.

The Sligo Iron & Steel Company have sent us a copy of
their latest price list. The list is arranged very clearly and
consistently from which the desired prices may be readily
ascertained. The Sligo Iron & Steel Company are manu-
facturers of high grade iron, staybolt iron, iron and steel
plates, sheets, angles, tees, light rails, etc.

Recent experiments by Massachusetts bacteriologists have
determined that cresylic acid as a disinfectant is more
effective and cheaper than formaldehyde. This is a matter
the railroads interested in disinfecting car interiors would
do well' to look 'into.

October 6th last there were remaining- 421 passenger cars
on the Boston & Maine R. R. with the Miller hooks to be re-
moved and replaced with couplers of the M. C. B. type. In
two months this was practically all accomplished, as it had
to be any way by January 1st, which was the limit of the
new extension of time. This work has handicapped paint
shop work to the extent that they were 105 cars behind
December 1st over last year in varnishing their equipment.

Good Track, Good Trains, Good Time. — In each of these
the New York Central is not surpassed, as thousands will
attest. Travelers between the West and the East will find
it to their advantage to use the New York Central which,
in point of time, equipment, roadbed, dining car service, and
scenic- attractions is first among the railroads of the world.
Send a two-cent stamp to George H. Daniels, General Agent,
Grand Central Station, New York, for a copy of the illus-
trated catalogue of the New York Central's "Four-Track
Series."

Fig. i — Complete Set of Too:
Holder.

ith "O. K." Tool

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Tool Holders

With the increased use of high speed tool steel the value
of tool holders becomes more apparent. By the application
of a practical holder a small piece of steel is all that is re-
quired for making a tool instead of using up a large por-
tion of the bar for the stock of the tool. The latter practice
is very expensive, especially in view of the additional ex-
pense incurred in the purchase of the high speed tool steel.

To meet the demand for such appliances a holder has been
placed on the market which is known as the 0. K. Tool
Holder. This device with the assorted tools supplied there-
with possess many advantages.

Any of these tools can be removed from the holder and
another substituted without disturbing the holder when once
placed in position on the lathe, or shaper. This change can
be made instanteously as a quarter turn of the handle serves
to release the tool and allow another to be inserted. The
holder is so constructed as to hold the tools as firmly as
though they were a portion of tiie holder itself. With this
holder is furnished shapes of tools, also many attachments
for lathe use, and are not limited to one special shape, as
is usually the case. The tools are hydraulic forged and drop
forged to the correct shape of the old style hand forged
tools. They are made at the present time out of Jessup
Best Cast, Novo Air Hardening, Capital High Speed and D.
-S. W. Steels, and the company is prepared to make tools of
any first-class steels that are called for.

The holder and tools are supplied in two sets, the com-
plete set being shown in Fig. 1, which contains a holder and
twenty-two tools and working set containing thirteen tools,
shown by Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 — Working Set of Tools with "O. K." Tool
Holder.

This holder is marketed and manufactured by the "0. K."
Tool Holder Company, manufacturers of lathe, shaper and
planer tools. Shelton, Conn.

Six-inch Metal Saw Cutting-off Machine.

Metal Saw Cutting off Machine

This machine, of recent design, contains the principal re-
quirements for a thorough-built machine tool for rapid and
accurate steel cutting, and is essential to the machine shop
where blanks are to be cut, or finished stock cut square and
to exact length. It is well arranged for cutting dies, cranks,
keys, studs, cutter blanks, small I-beams, channels, angles,
and a large variety of work usually done on a milling ma-
chine.

With the special large V shoe, four pieces of 2-inch round
may be held to be cut at once, and smaller sizes in various
quantities, which admits of a very much larger product
from a machine of this kind than can possibly be obtained
from one where the stock revolves and whicn cuts but one
piece at a time. Larger pieces may also be cut faster with
a saw properly arranged than in any other way. One of
these machines will cut more in a day than twenty hack-
saws. The principal advantages over machines where the
stock revolves are that it will take in any shape
or size within its range, is more convenient to
operate, requires less labor to handle stock, will
give a greater output, and cost less.

The saw arbor is driven by a spur gear
powerfully connected with other gears to the
pulley-driving shaft. These are all mounted on
a traveling slide which is moved forward by a
feed screw, driven by a worm wheel and worm
on the feed shaft, the speed of which is
regulated from a four-step cone pulley. The
feed is controlled at the front of the machine
by a hand wheel and levers. The work shoo
is surrounded by a channel to catch the oil and
return it to the trough, which is under the saw,
and supplies the lubricant for the saw. Rounds,
flats, squares nncl hexagons may be held in
the V shoe. For special work the V shoo may
ho removed and one substituted In suil the
work; or the plain table may ho used.

The number 3 mnohino operates ;i saw. ]f>
inches diameter, V* inch thick; the depth of
cut wilh 15-inch saw is r> ' ._» inches; iho speed
of L5-inch saw is ll 1 ^ turns per minute; saw
arbor bearing In box, 11 1 - Inches; saw arbor
diameter, 2 1 1 inches; saw arbor collar diameter,
:: :; i indies; main driving gear, 1 I inches diame
ter, i :! i inch face; traveling slide, 15 inches
wide. 20 inches long; traveling-slide movement,

<;'_. inches: traveling slide b ing on beds, 12%

Inches i>.\ 20 Inches; capacitj of work shoe, 6
inch rounds, 7 Inch squares; driving pulley, 12
inches diameter, f inch face: from floor to worfo
table, :! I inches; positive automatic cone-feed,
8 changes from h inch to 1 inch per minute;

flOOr space. 2 I'ccl 8 inches by I feel; height, I

3 2

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

feet; weight complete, 1,600 pounds; V shoe for single bars;
counter friction pulley, 14 inches by 4-inch face; speed of
countershaft, 120 revolutions per minute.

The machine is manufactured by Nutter, Barnes & Co.,
Boston, Mass.

■+-++

The Secor Engine

The United States Census Bulletin of October, 1902, shows
an increase during ten years of over fifteen hundred per
cent in the number of internal combustion engines used in
manufacturing, while steam power shows an increase of
only seventy per cent, and water power less than one per
cent.

Th electric motor is subject to the loss of a secondary
power generator, but the gas engine is a prime mover which
dispenses with the boiler and fireman required by steam
power, while it can be used where water power, or even
water, is not available. The demand for the internal com-
bustion engine is, of course, due to its labor saving and
thermodynamic advantages over the steam engine. No com-
petent authority claims that the gas engine as heretofore
constructed is equal to the steam engine in its performance,
or is in the same rank as a machine, nevertheless the present
output of these engines is seriously restricting steam engine
production, especially in the smaller sizes. The commercial
prosperity of the leading makers evidences the earning power
of gas engine manufacture.

It would add to the industrial value of any gas engine if
it could operate with a single cylinder without involving in-
. ferior regulation, and fluctuation in rotation rate during its
cycle. Steam engine reliability would add further to the
value of the gas engine; that is to say, if the occasional
delay, or uncertainty in starting, or operation, were entirely
eliminated; so that readjustment would be uncalled for,
when extreme variations occur, whether in atmospheric con-
ditions, gas pressure, or power demand.

The Secor Gas Engine.

In view of the limited areas of gas supply and its cost,
and the insufficient supply of gasoline, its dangerous prop-
erties, and advancing price, the usefulness of these engines
would be still further increased if they were adapted to use
the only universally obtainable and safe fuel, kerosene oil.

The Secor engine, an illustration of which is presented
herewith, embodies a new conception. Emphasis is placed
equally on the three great features which govern commercial
value— range of availability, quality of service, and cost of
power production. For universal use the Secor oil engine
stands in a class by itself. It has been successfully installed
by unskilled labor, with the aid of printed instructions, in
the most remote districts. It starts as promptly and posi-
tively as an electric motor. Its operation after starting is
automatic. It requires only to be supplied with lubricating
and fuel oil; its design permits ready access for examination,
or cleaning when required.

The special advantages of this type of machine may be
briefly summarized as follows:

Reliability, regulation, scientific and simple method of
using the most desirable of fuels, kerosene oil, which is in-
dependent of atmospheric conditions, and which burns all
its fuel within the combustion chamber, and never clogs up
with soot; the ability of an engine using safe fuel to start
quickly and positively; an oil engine which has the accurately
timed explosion due to electic ignition; mechanism, of which
the interchangeable spare parts are available, and all wear
easily compensated for, thereby insuring great durability;
safety, it has no such elements of danger as an exposed
lamp, or an oil tank on the engine from which the oil flows
into a hot chamber by gravity, or is forced by other pres-
sure. It complies with the underwriters' requirements in
every particular.

Including within itself the best features of all existing
types, the Secor engine is constantly gaining popularity and
is being widely installed in railway yards, stations, machine
shops, factories, printing offices and private establishments.

One company who are large-
users of power have ordered
and installed over fifty Secor
engines. They are suitable
for all the ordinary uses of an
auxiliary power such as air
compressing, pumping and
hoisting. The important ad-
vances of the Secor system
over all previous practice and
performance have created what
is practically a new generator
or power, with an enlarged in-
dustrial opportunity, fully
meeting the modern and con-
stantly increasing demand for
detached and independent pow-
er installations of modern ca-
pacity.

The users of power demand
an engine which will furnish
their needs at the lowest pos-
sible cost per horse power.
They will consider the relia-
bility of the engine at all times,
aud under the most difficult
conditions. The Secor engine
is so designed and so performs
as to supply power at a low
cost.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

The Handy Journal Box Jack Block

While the removal of journal bearings and wedges and
the insertion of fresh ones is in a way a very simple opera-
tion, it at times becomes a good deal of a bother because
of the lifting of the wheel when the load is lifted by the
jack under the journal box. The result of the lifting of
the wheel being that the bearing and wedge does not be-
come free so that they can be taken out. The usual pro-
ceedure under these circumstances being the gathering of
from two to four men to assist the man with the jack;
blocks, bars and levers being required to hold the wheel
down so that the hot or worn bearings will become freed
from all load and in condition to be lifted out, and no time
be lost in inserting new bearings.

Many trains are delayed and blockades formed due to
the time consumed in changing bearings on the road. There
is also a great deal of unnecessary time and labor spent in
repair yards in changing bearings.

The device here illustrated is designed to reduce the time
and labor in changing bearings both on the road and in
yards. It is claimed that one man with any good journal
box jack and with this Handy Journal Jack Block can change
bearings in from five to ten minutes.

The device consists of a base or block of oak 9 ins. by 2%
in. by 26 ins., which rests on the ties or ballast and on which
the journal box jack rests. On the inner edge of the block
is secured a malleable casting, this casting having top and

The Handy Journal Box Jack Block.

The Handy Journal Box Jack Block in Service.

bottom flanges for securing it to the block by bolts and
rivets, on this casting there is a post having teeth on the
edge next to the wheel, moving loosely on this post is the
hook-like piece, also of malleable iron, having teeth for en-
gaging with the teeth on the post; the hook is thus kept
from slipping upwards when the strain is applied in resist-
ing the tendency of the wheel to lift. The projecting hook
or arm engages the rim of the wheel. Adjustment for vary-
ing heights is provided by the provision for locating the
hook at different positions on the post. A handle is provided
by which to carry the device.

Further particulars can be secured from the manufacturers,
the Handy Car Equipment Company, 890 Old Colony Building,
Chicago, 111.

Railroad Paint Shop

Edited by Devoted to the Interest of

CHARLES E. COPP ^?&<& Master Car and

General Foreman Painter B. (Sk> M. Ry. Locomotive Painters

Official Organ of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Association.

Locomotive Painting

The painting of locomotives seems to be receiving a fair
share of attention, especially of late. Mr. A. P. Dane of the
Boston & Maine read an interesting paper on "The True Econ-
ony in the Painting of a Locomotive" at the October meet-
ing of the New England Railroad club, which would have
met with more discussion than it did had the painting fra-
ternity of the New England roads and vicinity been properly
notified. The editor of these columns intended to be present,
but got unavoidably detained while on a visit to New Hamp-
shire.

Mr. Dane's paper, which was similar to one read at the
Chicago convention, is too long to reproduce in its entirety
in these columns, as it would nearly fill them, occupying, as
it does, eight pages of the club's October proceedings. It
can be obtained by any one for a trifle by writing to the
secretary of the club, Mr. E. L. Janes, South Terminal Sta-
tion, Boston, Mass.

Mr. Dane is also a member of a committee of five which

is to report to the Master Mechanics' Association at their
next convention in response to their request, through Secre-
tary Taylor, as to the best method of painting a locomotive.
When this report is published it ought to be plain sailing on
this subject, so that a novice ought to know how to pro-
ceed.

Locomotive painting was once an art; today it is a business.
The writer painted all the locomotive tanks on the original
B. & M. road from July 1. 1876 until September, 1885, when,
with one exception, no more were sent to the carshop at
Lawrence, but shop facilities were made in Boston at the
machine shop to do them with the locomotives, as in Decem-
ber, 1884, the Eastern Railroad had been leased and the roll-
ing stock of all kinds had been doubled in amount. During
this time the writer painted or varnished in all about 300
tanks, 60 of which had the paint removed to the iron,
mostly by the flame, a few being done by the lime and soda
plaster process. Those were the days when locomotives were
rolling chromos. In contrast with present practice what a
difference in the cost! Now a tank is painted entire for $15

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

or $20. We note the figures in our old record book before
ns of the cost of some of the work in those "good old days."
We note about the last ornamentally painted tank, if not
the last. It belonged to the "Lowell," No. 72, for the engines
were all named then, and the cost of painting this tank was
$72.20! and the president of the road, who lived in Law-
rence, found no fault with it, but when it backed up to the
station to take his train to Boston, he said to Engineer Fal-
lensbee, who by the way, is still running, "You have a hand-
some engine."

Some freight engine tanks cost $54.40 to paint. However,
there was no uniform figure of cost because instead of paint-
ing them uniformily we were told by the superintendent of
motive power not to do them all alike and not to be afraid
of putting on the "apple sass," a characteristic term of his
for scroll work or other ornamentation. Of these 300 tanks
42 were new tanks and 65 were cleaned and simply touched
up and varnished at a cost of from $15 to $20.

This is a point that we wish to particularly contrast with
the present times. Those were days when engines were
painted to stay painted and looked after by the engineer
and fireman, and consequently were in such shape that a
cleaning and varnishing were all they needed. How many
tanks are touched up and varnished today? While the paint-
ing is done cheaply that is all that is done, so that the saving
is not so much as at first appears. The very best materials
were used also in those days. The mechanical officer bought
his own materials, and did not buy them at auction either,
as is largely the practice today, of purchasing departments,
departments.

It is a question whether it would not be better to paint
engines as thoroughly as formerly, if hot decorated, and take
care of them as well, and then shop them in season to clean
and varnish them, possibly cutting in the tank and cab, and
thus save so much painting of the iron or rusty tanks.
They were painted smooth in those days and could be cleaned
and kept clean.

The New P. B. & W. Shops, Wilmington, Del.

On a recent trip we visited Mr. Charles A. Cook, president
of M. C. & L. P. A., to look over the new plant that is being
made for the P., B. & W. at the outskirts of the city. Judging
by the old ramshackle shops they are now occupying it was
a well-directed ••effort to give them something new and fit
to do their work in. But in this regard they are no worse
off than many others who will have to wait longer still for
new shops.

Mr. Cook was found, after some effort and delay, in the
little office and shop in which the late lamented veteran,
Jacob Sheller, made himself famous. As soon as greetings
were over and he was at liberty, we began our tour.
The new shops seemed destined to be called the "Shellpot"
shops, as they are built along a creek by that rather uneu-
phonious designation. This great plant, designed for both
locomotive and car work appears to be as large as the new
shops of the New York, New Haven & Hartford at Readville,
Mass., if not larger, and is built on "a fill" in a rather low,
swampy plot of land, which must have cost an immense
sum to put in shape for building thereon. There appears to
be eight or ten feet of filling, which is of the best red earth
and must tread down hard by use. These shops are large,
light and airy and well constructed and well adapted to the
purposes for which they are built. If we were to criticise
them at all it would be as to the relative location of some
of them to one another. Particularly bad is the location of
the stock house to the paint shop. One might think it was
intended to hold tons of dynamite so that if it blew up the
paint shop would not be harmed, so remote is it from the

seat of the painter's wjrfare. As it is there should be a
retail department of paint stock for daily use in one end
of the varnish room at the end of the paint shop nearest to
this brick store house where paints and varnishes, etc., may
be kept in wholesale packages. Unless this move is made
we wonder at the result of the Foreman Painter giving an
order to a painter in the paint shop to go over to the stock
house and get some priming and go over to the wood work-
ing shop, another block away, to do a half hour's priming.
Somewhere we have read about "a city of magnificent dis-
tances" and some of these new shop plants correspond to
that description pretty well, and it requires almost super-
human effort to get out a corresponding amount of work
from them compared to the old shops, there is so much
time to be consumed in traveling these long distances from
one shop to another.

At one end of this new paint shop there is a division wall
crosswise of the shop which is again subdivided into two
large rooms, one of which is the varnish room and office and
the other the tin shop! It would seem that upholstery would
better fit the location of this tin shop, as it does one other
shop plant in mind. But, strangest of all, the stock house
before referred to is located opposite the tin shop instead
of the varnish room! However, shops of this character are
usually designed and built by the building and bridge depart-
ment of a road in which possibly the head of the mechanical
department may have a hand and he may not, but as to the
foreman painter he is about as apt to be consulted as to his
conveniences as a Hottentot would be about putting a baptis-
try in a church in a Puritanic town. Still, almost anything
is better than old ramshackle shops to do painting and var-
nishing in and if the writer can get his some sweet day he
will not complain.

The elevation of the P., B. & W. tracks throughout the
entire city of Wilmington is progressing so fast that they
are up to the old shops and waiting for them to get out. In
fact it looks like "a freeze out" and into the new shops the
first of the year before they are nearly ready in their in-
terior appointments and fittings for occupancy. However,
where there is a will there is a way, and much can be accom-
plished that seems impossible when once the mind is made
up and concerted action begun. We should think though
that next summer in the dull season would be the time to
make this transfer, if it can be deferred that length of time.

M. C. & L. P. A. Portrait Gallery

John Stocks.

The editor of these columns takes pleasure and some degree
of pride in presenting to the fraternity the picture and sketch
of one of his own shop "cubs" who, though not yet a mem-
ber of the M. C. & L. P. A., is in a fair way to be one in the
near future, for he succeeded our old friend and confrere,
Edward Hartshorn, as foreman painter at the Maine Central
R. R. shops in Waterville, Maine, June 1, 1903, where he still
remains and was doing well at last accounts, and likely will
attend our next convention. He is a member of the New
England R. R. Club.

Mr. Stocks was born in Queensbury, Yorkshire county,
England, in October, 1869, and came to this country with his
brothers (two of whom are cai'penters, with their father,
in the Lawrence shops of B. & M.) in March, 1890, landing
in Boston Wednesday, and going to work with the writer as
a car washer the following Monday. Brilliant, apt, capable,
he worked his way up through all the grades and classes of
work in the shop, being faithful in all branches and trusty
wherever placed, until he was regarded by the writer as
almost indispensible, doing much of his clerical work, having
been paint shop stock-keeper for several years. However, he

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Mr. John Stocks.

recommended him, with one other applicant, for his present
position, and he was promptly accepted by Mr. Philip M.
Hammett, superintendent of motive power, and we believe
he will have no occasion to regret his choice.

The accompanying" picture is from a photograph taken a
few years ago, but, with the exception that he now has less
hair and more flesh, it still does him justice.

The Pullman Shops, Wilmington, Del.

While in Wilmington, Del., Nov. 30, the writer was pleased
to visit the Pullman shops also, in connection with touring
the shops of the P., B. & W., with Mr. Cook. Here we met
and made the acquaintance of Mr. Vanney, the superinten-
dent of the shops; aho Mr. John H. Dunn, the Master Painter.
Mr. Dunn resumed his duties in September and looks the pic-
ture of health and good spirits, though, as it were, he is out
of the valley and shadow of death. Mr. Dunn was at our
Boston convention a year ago last September, but in poor
health; and was obliged to give up entirely in December
following, and was out of the shop on account of his illness,
some nine months. P»ig fellow that lie is, we hope he will
hold his own and have no recurrence of his illness. We
found him and his assistants busy, it being the last day, in
straightening out the month's accounts, for it is all piece
work there. At this time it was a sort of imposition
to visit his shop, but he nevertheless left his desk and
showed us over the . plant, which is a veritable hive of
industry in all dcpurtinenls, especially did it appeal 1 so
in some departments, such as the cabinet room, where
the interior finish and fittings of these palaces on wheels
are made. They are, however, making some cheaper
cars for tourist business for the World's Fair iTSte a! SI.

Louis, which will allow of a night's rest and the comforts of a
day's travel for less money than the company's regular
sleepers, for they are shorn of the luxuries of draperies, etc.,
while they have all the essentials. They are to have four-
wheel instead of six-wheel trucks, we understand.

Here we saw Pullman cars painted to conform to the color
of various roads' passenger equipment— Tuscan red for the
Pennsylvania, blue-black for the Lehigh Valley's "Black Dia-
mond express," Cadium yellow for the "Big Four," Chesa-
peake & Ohio, etc. Concerning the latter color, Mr. Dunn
says it is not susceptible of being treated like others when
the cars are brought in to the shop for general repairs and
varnishing,. That is to say, he cannot cut in a car of this
color or repaint it over the old paint without first skinning
off the varnish by the use of ammonia. If he does, the
newly applied paint will peel from the old. This was "a
new one" to me, and seemed strange. We wonder of Messrs.
Gohen and Byrne have the same trouble? This, of course,
is on cars that are beyond the point of cleaning and varnish
ing without cutting in or repainting; and he says that suet
colored cars cannot be cleaned and touched up> and varnished
more than once, or twice at the most, before they must be
repainted over the old paint to make a first-class job, and be
treated in the way he does them. If this is so, it appears to
be an expensive color to maintain. But when newly painted
and striped in gold it makes a most elegant appearing car,
with the letter belts and posts of a darker hue.

Mr. Dunn has an old condemned car in the yard which he
uses as a shop for the use of varnish removers, to keep their
disagreeable smell out of the 'shop. This is a good idea. He
does much of this commendable work, having tanks large
enough in which to immerse the bunks face down into the
liquid remover, and in a few minutes the old varnish is
softened up so that it may be readily washed off with
brushes, etc. He keeps one man at this work, and all de-
tachable articles needing this treatment are carried to this
car.

We were shown the glass finishing department, of which
Mr. John Kelley is the presiding genius. They make all the
fancy glass used in the Pullman cars here, except the apoles-
eent glass which is bought in the plain form and is here cut
up and leaded into various intricate patterns. This form of
glass, we understand, is getting to be passe. Cars are com-
ing back to the Wilmington shop to have this glass removed
and the etched, gilded and silvered glass placed in its stead.
The trouble is the smoke from the engine gets in betweei
the plain outer glass that covers the leaded design and th<
metal frame in which it is bedded, and blackens the wit
dow so that light is obstructed, in spite of all that they can
do in thoroughness of work, and cannot be readily cleaned.
Once they had at the Wilmington shop slivered lights to
burn, so great was the fad for the opalescent glass. Now it
is the reverse.

They bevel and polish mirror plates here, as well as silver
them; also all forms of acid etching, etc. It is an interesting
corner in this great establishment. No car shop of magni
tude is up to date without a glass finishing department.
This has followed the brass dipping and lacquering depart
ment, which was not many years ago adopted by a sort of
natural evolution; and now the enterprising car shop fore-
man has all the requisites for the prosecution of his work,
so that he does not have to wait for outsiders but
knows in just what stage of progress it is in all the time,
and he can figure to a nicety when lie can promise the
management a car that is wanted. If to (he |>r;iss dipping
plant plating is added, with buff wheels, of course, to polish
the work, it is all the better.

Mr. Dunn informs us that he expects fo meet witli us at

Atlantic city next September.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

January, 1904

The Recovery of Lost Gold

Gold leaf has entered into the lettering and decoration of
passenger equipment painting to such a degree, and is still
used for that purpose, though perhaps to a less extent, that
we have often thought in years gone by of saving the paint
chips when burning off to see if the gold could not be re-
covered. But somehow we never put our thoughts into prac-
tice.

However, while being shown over the old P., B. & W. shops

in Wilmington, Del., by our associate, Cook, recently, we

passed by a large wooden box in the paint shop nearly full

of burnt-off paint chips, with two mortar pestles shaped like

ndian clubs of heavy wood to pound them down with.

"What's that?" we inquired.

"0, that is what we save in burning off cars; there is $45
or $50 worth of gold in that box. It is the practice on the
Pennsylvania system to save the burnt chips where there is
gold," replied Brother Cook.

Now here we saw in operation what we had years ago
thought of doing. Of course, it makes some difference
whether or not there is much gold leaf used upon a car in
attempting any thing of this kind. On the best cars of the
P. K. R. system there is a running scroll band of gold below
the belt rails and another near the bottom of car that goes
clear round the body of car; also there are scrolls above and
below the side numbers, as well as all the lettering. It might
pay to save the letter belts and number panels with any
road's method of painting, whether it would the entire body
or not. At any rate, if the body contains gold bands, the
entire lot of paint chips could be swept up from the floor
and powdered down in a box, and what gold there is would
be saved.

How is the gold saved from that mess of paint and dirt,
do you ask? Well, the whole is dumped into a retort and
burned up into ashes; then the ashes are dumped into a
trough of water, and that which settles to the bottom, con-
taining the gold, is treated with acids in a way peculiar to
the gold beater, and thus the gold is separated and saved.
This is worth trying by all.

♦ * »

Notes and Comments

The organization of the new paint shop of the Lake Shore
& Michigan Southern Ry. at Collinwood, 'Ohio, is as follows:
Robert Shore, foreman; Geo. Durnbaugh, assistant foreman;
J. G. Keil, assistant foreman. The Cleveland and Buffalo
shops have been abolished. Mr. Wm. T. Burton 'is general
foreman car department at Collinwood shop* and Mr Geo,
ST. Dow, master car builder.

and the coach work at New Haven also will ultimately all be
done at Readville.

The New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. has started
up work to some extent at least at its new plant at Read-
ville, Mass. Already the coach work has been taken from
the Roxbury and Norwood shops. Our associates, "Sam"
Brown, of the Roxbury, and George Gehman, of the Nor-
wood, are to remain at their respective shops in charge of
the locomotive painting only, we understand. Mr. McGregor,
who succeeded Mr. 'Shuttleworth as foreman painter at the
New Haven shops, is to have charge of the new big pas-
senger paint shop at the Readville plant, we are informed,

The following, clipped from the Frankfort (Ind.) Evening
News of Dec. 14, 1903, concerning a well-known member of
the M. C. & L. P. A., will be read with interest by his many
friends among our readers:

"Frank Fisk, Sr., foreman of the Clover Leaf paint shop,
who has been laid up since the 30th of last April with a
badly scalded leg, will again assume charge of his depart-
ment tomorrow morning. Mr. Fisk has chafed under en-
forced idleness for seven months and fifteen days and now
that he is able to go back to his employment he naturally
feels like a boy who has just been let out of school for a
vacation. Frank had a very close call to lose a leg, and it
was only by the most patient care he is today able to go
about on two pins, a fact which his friends appreciate nearly
as much as he does himself."

He adds, however, that he is "still walking with a cane."

Sometime ago we received the following appreciative
words from Mr. John H. Kahler, chairman of the Advisory
Committee, M. C. & L. P. A.:— "In the November issue of
Master Mechanic your explanatory remarks regarding the
Advisory Board was a timely hit, and explains to associate
members the necessity of centrally located members on this
committeee. Also a central place of meeting to do the busi-
ness in the least time and for the least expense. It is true,
the expense of this committee is supposed to be borne by the
association, but it is a rare case of a bill being presented, or
at least to my recollection. I have been meeting 'with the
committee for the last fifteen years, either as a member or
as a visitor, and have never caused the association one cent
of expenses." We learn that he also pays his regular
dues. He is a model member in this regard, and 'his example
is thus held up for others to follow.

We clip the following timely words from an exchange
about varnish removers:

"If removers are made on the creosote or carbolic acid
basis, they are obnoxious in odor, and those acids cannot be
neutralized — that is, the effects of the acid cannot be killed,
especially when absorbed in spongy wood, cracks, joints,
deep mouldings or carvings. They also have very dangerous
effects on the hands of the workmen.

"If made on the fusel oil or amyl sprits basis, they are
most dangerous to health, and are highly inflammable and
explosive. Ethers, guncotton, collodion, the well-known
banana liquid, also the poison in whisky, contain as their
basis fusel oil. Everyone knows the danger of all of them,
and it is a very unscrupulous undertaking of some firms to
sell, under a spurious name, an article containing a deadly
poison, which should be handled only by experienced per-
sons. Furthermore, removers should not be used if they con-
tain greasy or fatty ingredients. Because, despite the ut-
most care, those ingredients cannot be cleaned out of cor-
ners, carvings and cracks; they will settle in pores and they
will not allow the bleaching of discolored wood; neither will
they allow the proper hardening of paint and varnish used
afterwards."

5>1£

A Stencil by Warner Bailey.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Established 1878.

RAILWAY
MASTER
MECHANIC

Bruce V. Ckandai-l, Publisher Chakles S. Myers, Manager.
Maham H. Haig, Editor

Office of Publication : Rooms 501 and 502 The Plymouth Bldg.,

305 Dearborn Street.

TELEPHONE: HARRISON 3357-

Eastern Office: Room 716, 132 Nassau St., New York City.

Entered at the Post Office in Chicago as Second-Class Matter

A Monthly Railway Journal.

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equip-
ment, shops, machinery and supplies.

Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are
solicited.

Subscription price $1.00 a year, to foreign countries $1.50,
free of postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates
given on application to the office, by mail or in person.

In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Crandall
Company.

There are so many looking for the smallest excuse to
condemn these engines that it is well to put them, so far
as possible, beyond the reach of unfair criticism.

Vol. XXVIII. CHICAGO, FEBRUARY, 1904.

No. 2,

FOLLOWING a line of thought to which attention
was directed in our editorial columns of a recent
issue relating to existing facilities in the older round-
houses, the length of stall necessary to accommodate the
new and larger engines is a matter of some significance.
In a number of cases, where additions to the roundhouse
have not kept pace with the growth of locomotives run-
ning on the division served thereby, or where larger en-
gine-houses have not been provided, it is impossible to
close the door behind a large engine having a corre-
spondingly large tank. While this fact does not appear
on first sight to affect the number of hours during which
the engine is detained in the roundhouse, and therefore
the interval between arrival at and departure from ter-
minal, yet it is a fact that a greater length of time is con-
sumed in warming the outside of the locomotive and
melting the snow and ice accumulated during the run
and while standing over the cinder pit.

The result of this condition is that machinists can
not work on repairs to equal advantage while the engine
is cold ; they cannot keep their hands warm, and a lack
of interest in their work ensues. This leads to complaints
against the larger and heavier engines, which are even
louder than those which might be raised against the
heavier parts to be handled by inadequate roundhouse
facilities.

The suggestion has been offered that the same objec-
tion might be raised as an argument against the com-
pound by those uninitiated in the repair of this type of
machine, as most compounds have been constructed ac-
cording to designs of heavy locomotives, and are there-
fore probably among the number to bold the doors open.

AT the January meeting of the Western Railway
Club Mr. Waggoner presented a paper suggesting
the organization of a "bureau of economies" on railways.
The author seems rather inclined to think the present
departmental officials do not have a sufficient apprecia-
tion of the possibilities in this regard in their depart-
ments — chiefly through lack of time to devote to the
subject. While the author makes several good points,
we are under the impression that no set of men have the
necessity of economy more persistently held before them
than do railway officials. That more advantage is not
taken of often apparent possibilities of more economical
-operation is, we are quite sure, solely because the recom-
mendations of the departmental heads are turned down
by those higher up. On practically any line it would be
a very simple matter to point out an infinite number of
instances and directions in which economies might be
effected. But on looking closely into any one of these
propositions it will almost invariably be found that the
subject was closely scanned by the departmental head
long, long ago, and that measures tending to better opera-
tion in this regard are dependent entirely upon some
proposition which has been turned down by those
higher up.

For example, we were recently in a shop where the
boiler tubes were caulked by hand. It needs no bureau
of information to point out to this master mechanic that
the work could be more cheaply done pneumatically, or
that water softening plants would obviate the necessity
for the work at all. Yet we would hesitate in under-
taking to say how many months and years the master
mechanic and his superintendent of motive power have
been endeavoring to secure the appropriation necessary
to institute these remedies.

The author makes a good point, however, when he
states that "a large number of items are made at railroad
shops that can be purchased cheaper outside, if their
actual costs were known, but many master mechanics
will say that flat cost and 10 per cent is close enough to
real cost for the statement that the shops can make a
thing cheaper than it can be bought — forgetting that
heat, light, power, handling materials, general labor,
shop repairs, supervision, etc., are all legitimate parts of
the cost per unit. Master mechanics, shop foremen and
shop clerks need education along the line of more care-
ful economical accounting." One difficulty in this re-
gard, however, is that the motive power department is
often called upon to manufacture despite its disinclina-
tion for such work. The department must perforce often
manufacture articles it would prefer to have purchased
outside, principally to avoid delay on material of which
it would require an undue investment if carried in stock

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

parts sufficient to avoid such manufacture. It is true,
though, that there is much need of more education of
officials on costs. At present there is practically no
means at hand whereby railway men gain an idea of
what the articles they are handling cost. Ask any brake-
man what his lantern cost, or any machinist the price of
a file or any other article, or any engineer the price per
ton of the coal he is burning? Not one out of ten could
give anywhere near the amount. This should not be.
A knowledge of the price of
things will assist any man
to a more intelligent idea of
that relative importance of
things which is so necessary
in a railroad man. In this
line we remember one road
where, on going to work as
a machinist, we were sur-
prised to note that every
article handed out of the
storeroom bad a price tag
on it. In the casting plat-
form all castings had their
weight and price painted on
them. Heavy lumber and
other material was all price-
painted the same way, so
every one handling or using
material of any nature
gained an idea of the price
of things. We remember an
immediate personal inclina-
tion to give greater esteem
to files and other tools as
more worthy of care while
in that shop, not to mention
a surprise at learning injec-
tors cost $110. It has
been the only line on which
we have encountered a sim-
ilar system, but as an educa-
tional matter we have always
thou adit the trouble well worth while.

Mr. Benjamin McKeen

GENERAL MANAGER OF THE VANDALIA
CTERRE HAUTE AND INDIANAPOLIS).

Mr. McKeen was born in Ter're Haute, Ind.. in 1864, and
graduated from Rose Polytechnic Institute at Terre Haute in
1885. He entered the service of the Terre Haute and Logans-
port in the engineering depart ment. and has advanced from
his first position as ehaimnan in the engineering department
through a number of positions to become general manager
of the road. His entire railroad service having been with the
Vandalia, with the exception of a year and a half with the
Pittsburg, Cincinnati. Chicago and St. Louis.

OUR attention has been directed to the stand taken
by a railroad company in opposing the minor rail-
road associations, whose members are principally among
the foremen. We have been informed that this company
has given its men to understand that membership in
such organizations will not be countenanced and the
attendance at their conventions will be sufficient
grounds for dismissal. The objections raised are that
the foremen take advantage of such occasions to
amuse and enjoy themselves when they are supposed
to be acquiring information for the interest of the com-
panies which they represent, and this may possibly be
true to a very limited extent, and also that these as-

sociations have a tendency to assume the nature of
labor organizations.

Both of these objections are inconsistent and we be-
lieve that they will prove so to anyone who will take
the occasion to view the proceedings of the several
associations, wherein it may be seen that the conven-
tions take up many points which relate to the efficient
and economical methods of* accomplishing results.
To claim that the men do not appreciate the object for

which they convene and that
they waste the time which
they should spend in session
is unfair. Granted that they
do set aside a portion of
their time for recreation,
and for sight-seeing, or to'
visit an old friend while
either on . their way to or
from the convention point,
wherein does the objection
lie? Many such men are
practically confined to the
shop for months at a time
and a large number of them
are located in small towns.
A short rest and change of
environment is, therefore, an
advantage rather than a det-
riment. The opportunity of
mixing with other men, ex-
changing ideas with regard
to methods and a possible
visit to a shop located at or
near the point in which the
convention is held tend to-
broaden a man and expand
his vision. The more men
present and the greater the
number of roads repre-
sented the larger the field
in which the individual
may profit from the ex-
perience of others.
The feature suggested with regard to labor organ-
ization may be met by the argument that the associa-
tions consider to no small extent the introduction of
the most improved machinery and methods for saving
labor as well as the probable saving resulting from the
piece work system. In consideration of the unques-
tioned view taken of such matters by labor organiza-
tions, it cannot consistently be further held that as-
sociations which endeavor to promote economy for
the good of the railroad companies are aiding un-

LINE

The arbitration committee of the American Railway
A ssociation has decided that roads on which rolling stock
of foreign roads was located at time of the Kansas City
floods must pay for cars. damaged in the floods.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

The Trend of Locomotive Proportions

( Continued

ROPORTIONS of switching- locomotives
show no marked evidence of particular
change at any given time which would indi-
cate radical differences in the design of such
engines. Locomotives of this type have been
gradually increased in weight, steam. pressure
and power to meet the greater demands. The
tables of switch engine parts and graphical
expositions of the same here presented are
therefore interesting as comparative data only and do

from page 7.)

switching service. The curves representing weight on
drivers and tractive effort indicate a consistent increase
in these features. The curve of ratio of total heating
surface to firebox heating surface is noticed to incline
toward the axis of abscissae, indicating that in the
gradual increase of total heating surface the tendency
has not followed that of passenger and freight engines

78 78 80 8Z 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 96 /900 OZ 04

Fig. i — Heating Surface and Grate Area.

not attract the same attention as those relating to pas-
senger and freight engines wherein the effect of the in-
troduction of the modified wide grate for burning soft

80 8Z a* 86 88 90 9Z 94- 96 98 /900 OZ Of

Fig. 2 — General Features.

coal was clearly marked by the abrupt change in the
form of several of the curves representing the ratios.

Steam pressure is seen to have attained 200 lbs. per
square inch in but a few cases, 180 lbs. being the maxi-
mum working pressure of most locomotives in yard and

/878 80

82 84 8b 88 90 92 94 96 98 /900 OZ

Fig. 4 — Weight on Drivers.

wherein the tube heating surface has been so rapidly en-
larged that the firebox surface now constitutes a smaller
percentage of the total surface than heretofore. In con-
trast to this the firebox heating surface of the switch
engines constitutes a larger portion of the total in loco-
motives of more recent design. Nor has tube length

1878 80 82 84 86 68 90 92 94- 96 98 /900 OZ 04

5 — Tractive Effort by Formula.

been increased in this type of engine as in the case of
road engines, the ratio of tube length to tube diameter
varying in most instances between sixty and ninety.
While the ratio of total heating surface to weight of
one cylinder full of steam at boiler pressure varies con-
siderably, it is in the majority of cases greater than 900
and largely greater than 1,000. In this connection we
wish to rectify an error in the figures on the curves rep-
resenting this proportion for freight locomotives, ap-

7876 80 62 84- 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 7900 OZ 04

Fig. 3 — Steam Pressure,

1878 80 62 d4 86 88 90 92 9t 96 98 7900 02 .04-

Fig, 6- Ratio ou Weight on Drivers to Tractive
Effort,

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

7878 80 8Z

1878 80 8Z 64 86

92 34 96 98 /900 02 04

Fig. 7— Ratio of Tractive Effort to Total Heating p ti _ Rati0 of Tube Heating Surface to Grate
Surface.

Area.

1878 80 82 84 86

Fig. 8 — Ratio of Total Weight to Total Heating
Surface.

/8 78 60 82 8? 86 3d 90 92 9+ ?6 96 7900 02 04'

Fig. 12 — Ratio of' Firebox Heating to Grate Area.

1676 80 62 64 66 86 90 92 ?4 '96 96 /900 02 04

Fig! 9— Ratio of Total Heating Surface to Grate m* «« 82 64 66 86 90 9Z 94 96 98 /?oo 02 04
Area.

Fig. 13 — Ratio of Total Heating Surface to
Volume of Both Cylinders.

J878 80 82 84 86 83 JO 92 94- 96 96 7900 02 04

Fig. io — Ratio of Total Heating Surface to Fire-
box Hfating Surface.

7876 80 62

92 94 96 .98 7900 02 04>

Fig. 14 — Ratio of Tube Length to Diameter.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 15 — Ratio of Grate Area to Volume of Both
Cylinders.

pearing on page 6 of our January issue. The figures as
they appear are from 8 to 22. They should be from 800
to 2,200 .

/&18 80 8Z 8? 86 86 90 92 90 96 98 /900 OZ

Fig. 16 — Ratio of Total Heating Surface to

Weight of One Cylinder Full of

Steam at Boiler Pressure.

100,000 Lbs. Capacity Coal

St Paul

MONG the interesting designs of high
&k capacity coal cars developed in recent years
is the form of construction followed in a lot
of 100,000 lbs. capacity cars now being built
by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail-
way at its shops in West Milwaukee. The
present order calls for five hundred cars of
this type, of which over two hundred have
already been built and the shops are turn-
ing them out at the rate of five per day. This design
is the outcome of careful consideration and observa-

Cars — Chicago, Milwaukee &
Railway

tion on the part of Mr. J. J. Hennessey, master car
builder of the road. The most interesting and notice-
able features apparent therein are the continuous
metal center sills and continuous body bolsters, as
well as the truss rods which run from side to side of
the car adding to the rigidity of the coal box, and also
the Hennessey friction draft gear used in connection
with these cars.

The construction of the center sills and bolsters
constitutes an arrangement which embodies th-e desir-
able features of both continuous metal center sills

Fig. 1 — C, M. & St. P Ry., Coal Car Showing Under framing.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

• .1" Over a//

Fig. 2 — Part Sectional End Views, C, M. & St. P.
Ry., Coal Car.

Fig. 3 — Body Bolster Spider, C, M:& St. P. Ry., Coal

Car.

Section ot /l-B < Section at C-0

Fig. 4— C, M. & St. P. Ry., Coal Car.

Fig. 5 — Part Cross-Sectional Views, C
Ry., Coal Car.

M. & St. P.

and continuous body bolsters. This has been patented
by Mr. Hennessey. The principal feature consists of
a spider or center casting placed between the upper
and lower members of the body bolster and extending
lengthwise under the steel center sills. All of the
weight is thus distributed from the lower flange of
the channel to the center plates, making it practically
equivalent to a double body bolster. The center casting
and the body bolster are secured together, and the upper
and lower members of the bolster are held firmly to-
gether so that any movement of parts is prevented. The
center plate is riveted to the bottom of the bolster, while
the top member of the latter passes through the center
of the sills. The opening in the web is reinforced by
brackets, which are riveted to the center sill and pre-
vent any backward or forward motion of the bolster,
and since it is in the neutral axis of the channel, this
opening through the web does not detract tfrom the'
strength 01 the sill.

The metal sills are of steel channel in commercial
form, so that in case of damage by wreck they may be
removed and replaced in any car shop. Malleable iron
columns placed between the channels form distance
pieces and bolts passing through the channels and col-
umns secure them together. The object is to provide
a continuous draw-gear arrangement, the construction
of which brings the neutral axis so that it coincides with
the central line of pulling and buffing forces ; that is.
the center of the draw-gear.

Ftg ; 6— Details of Center-Sill Channel, C„ M, & St. P, Ry., Coal Car,

February, T904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 7— C, M. & St. P. Ry. Coal Car.

Fig. 8— Hennessey Friction Draft Gear, C, M. & St. Fig. 9— Friction Draft Gear, C, M. & St. P. Ry.
P. Ry., Coal Car. Coal Car.

Fig. 10 — C, M. & St. P. Ry., Coal Car Showing Steel Channel Center Sills and Body Bolster.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Fig. 11 — Sectional Elevation and Plan Views, ioo,ooo-Lb. Capacity Coal Car, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

ilie tie rods aDOve reierrea to extend irom side to
side ot tne coal box, passing diagonally tnrougn tne siae
posts and under tne center sills. /\ tie 01 tms type nas
ueen in service on cars 01 tne U. M. & bt. Jf. railway
lor several years and has proved successiui in pre-
venting tne sides 01 tne coai dox irom spreading.

The design of tne car is clearly shown in tne accom-
panying line drawings and half tone engravings. Ine
Dody is 42 It. long over end sill and 39 It. iij^ ins.
inside length, while it is 10 it. 1^ ins. wide over all,
9 it. 5^4 ins. wide inside the flaring top side plank, and
8 it. 7 ins. wide inside the box. The hopper doors are
located at the two ends of the car, being centered 8 it
6 ins. from center of the car. The full opening of each
pair of hopper doors is 42 ins. long by 2 ft. 3j4 ins-
wide. The diagonal truss rods previously mentioned are
located at every third side stake, and consist of a 24-in.
wrought iron rod. The transverse width over framing
is 9 ft., and the dimensions of the sills are as follows:
Side sills, 5x13^ ins. ; four intermediate sills, 4^x10

ins., and center sills, 15-in., 33TD. Carnegie steel chan-
nels, liie coal sides are made up of four 9^4x23^-111.
plank, with a ii}ix2y 2 -in. flaring timber at tne top,
as previously noted. There are 13 side stakes on each
side, composed of 5/ / 2X3^}-in. timbers, and in addition
there are lour straps formed into a J^-in. bolt at the
bottom,, which extend from the coal sides proper through
the side sills as shown in the drawing. There are six
1 Yz -in. body truss rods, four mounted underneath, and
between the side sills and the outer intermediate sills
the truss-rod bearing being of duplex type, and two
are mounted underneath the center sill, the rod bearing
being of a somewhat similar form. The flooring is of
i^4-in. tongue-and-groove lumber, and the hopper doors
are operated by the usual ratchet and pawl device. The
truck wheel base is 5 ft. 5 ins., the total car wheel base
36 ft. 5 ins., and the distance between centers of trucks
31 ft. Barr contracting. chill wheels 33 ins. in diameter
are applied and the trucks are of the Barber all-metal
type.

DeGlehn Compound Locomotive—Great Western Railway of England

SUCH interest is being centered upon the perform-
ance of four cylinder balanced compound loco-
motives and the attention of railroad men and builders,
both in this country and abroad, is being directed to
engines of this type. In view of this fact we present
the accompanying illustrations and description of a De
Glehn compound locomotive recently delivered by the
Sociate Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques to the
Great Western Railway of England for trial on fast
passenger trains, which we take from Transport, of
London :

"The engine weighs 145,000 lbs., of which 77,300 is
on the drivers, which are driven by high pressure cylin-

ders 13 3-8 ins. in diameter outside connected to the rear
drivers, and low pressure cylinders 22 1-16 ins. in
diameter inside-connected to the forward driving axle;
227 lbs. of steam are carried and a maximum tractive
effort of 28,814 lbs. may be developed. The valve gear
adopted is of the Walschaert type and the distribution of
steam to the h. p. and 1. p. cylinders can be independently
controlled by an ingenious arrangement of the reversing
gear. For starting a valve is provided which permits
the driver to admit boiler steam through a reducing valve
to the 1. p. cylinders, whilst valves arranged for divert-
ing the escaping steam from the h. p. cylinders direct
to the blast pipe are brought into operation by a three-

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 1 — De Glehn Compound Atlantic Type Locomotive, Great Western Ry., of England.

Fig. 2 — Diagram Showing Simple and Compound Working of the De Glehn Locomotive.
way valve and small steam cylinder. When working as reducing valve E and thence to the 1. p. steam chests,

a compound, the exhaust steam from the h. p. cylinders
enters the 1. p. steam chests through the valves above
mentioned.

"The diagrams in Fig. 2 illustrate the general sys-
tem of working. In the upper detail the valves are
shown as when the engine is working as a four-cylinder
simple engine, whilst the lower detail represents the
position when operating as a compound. The letters are
the same throughout. In diagram 1 the auxiliary steam
valve A' is shown open for boiler steam to pass to the

whilst the three-way cock B' stands for steam to be ad-
mitted to the transverse cylinder, D', which moves the
tubular valves C to the required position for h. p. ex-
haust to pass direct to the blast pipe. In diagram 2 the
auxiliary steam valve is closed and the three-way cock
B" shown in position for steam to move the piston in
cylinder D" and alter the position of the valves C" to
give a passage for h. p. exhaust steam to the 1. p. steam
chests."

Variable Exhaust Device, C. G. W. Ry.

THE Chicago Great Western Railway has placed a
device on a number of their locomotives the object
of which is to reduce the exhaust when the reverse lever
is in the corner, allowing a lighter fire to be carried and
absolutely avoiding danger of injuring fire when start-
ing. By softening the exhaust the effect of a large
nozzle is produced, and this, by reducing back pressure,
naturally increases the power and economy of the en-
gine. It is, in effect, a variable exhaust nozzle, without
its drawbacks of complication and tendency to "gum up"
and get out of order.

The arrangement of the device is as follows: A hole
2 to 4 inches in diameter is drilled into the exhaust cav-
ity of each cylinder, preferably at the valve chest, and a
2 to 4-inch pipe as indicated by A in the accompanying
line drawings, inserted and led by suitable bends and
fittings to an auxiliary stack, B, immediately in front of
the main stack. At some point, preferably just outside
the valve chest, the pipe passes through a gate valve,

shown at C, so constructed that when the gate is in its
central position the valve is closed, and when in its for-
ward or back position the valve is open. This valve is

As Applied to Piston Valve

Variable Exhaust Nozzle, C. G. W. Ry.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Variable Jixhaust Nozzle, C. G. W. Ry.

connected by suitable rods, and, if necessary, a rocker
arm to the reverse lever, so that when the lever is in
either corner the valve is open, but when near or at the
center the valve is closed. Thus, when the engine is
working heavily or starting out of a station with the re-
verse lever in or near the corner, the valves are open
and permit about half the exhaust fo escape directly to
the atmosphere. As the engine is hooked up notch by
notch, the valves close gradually, directing more and
more steam through the regular exhaust nozzle until
the lever is in running position, when the valves are
closed and all the exhaust is used to fan the fire.

The rod operating the valve is connected by jaws and
a pin through holes in the reverse lever, or bracket at-
tached thereto, as shown at D, so that when working up
a long grade where a heavy fire must be kept up the
valve may be disconnected by the engineer and closed
or adjusted as desired by hand.

The device is now in use on the Chicago Great West-
ern suburban service between St. Paul and Invergrove,
and the engineers give it their unqualified approval.
The service is very severe and a light suburban engine is

used. Before the device was applied it was always neces-
sary to take water on the last trip of ten miles as the en-
gine passed the roundhouse standpipe on the way to
the Union depot. After the device was applied it was
found that it was possible to make the ten-mile trip, run
to the Union depot, and return to the roundhouse, a dis-
tance of two miles additional, and yet have enough water
for a wait on the roundhouse tracks.

The engineers say that an engine is much stronger
when supplied with this device and works much more
easily, and the coal records show a saving of 13 per cent
in coal since its application. It has shown no sign of
gumming up or getting out of order, and the Great
Western is now having it applied to two of the largest
type of freight and to one passenger engine. It is ex-
pected to show a considerable saving on a single track
road where business is heavy and stops are many. The
whole device is simple and in few parts. It can be en-
tirely renewed by a machinist and helper in half a day.
The invention is patented by F. O. Whealon, locomotive
engineer, C. G. W. Ry., St. Paul, Minn.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

: hop Inprovcments of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail-
way at West Milwaukee

N order to pursue its policy of building its
own equipment the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul Railway has modernized and added
materially to the locomotive department of its
plant at West Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The
;\ :?.; i: : headquarters of the motive power depart-
ment and the principal shop of the road are
located at this point, which is also the man-
ufacturing establishment of the entire system.
For several years the company has built all of its own
cars with the exception of sleepers and the finer type
of passenger equipment, and with the improved locomo-

Menominee River, which crossed the yards as indicated
by the dotted lines, was diverted so that it now flows
in the channel indicated by the full lines. This work
was necessary to arrange the system of tracks in a belt
plan around the plant and was no small undertaking in
itself. As shown, the tracks are arranged in a double
belt line and from the lower belt line tracks lead off
into all the lumber, material, scrap and store yards and
to the buildings located in that vicinity. Cars and loco-
motives enter for shop repairs from the northeast cor-
ner of the yards and it is interesting to note a number
of spur tracks ?rranged in the vicinity of the proposed

Fig. 1 — General Plan, Car and Locomo

tive department it is expected to build about seventy-five
locomotives a year in addition to the better maintenance
of existing motive power equipment.

An interesting feature of the plant as it now stands is
the rearrangement of yard tracks to permit additions to
the buildings and to provide sufficient space for exten-
sive freight repair yards. The trackage system shown
in Fig. 1 of the accompanying line drawings is seen to
be most comprehensive. The former course of the

tive Shops of the C, M. & St. P. Ry.

new round house, to be used as storage tracks for loco-
motives, tanks, wrecking outfits, etc. The wagon road,
indicated by dotted lines and seen to enter the grounds
near the office, is noticed to extend to all parts of the
plants, passing through the material yards and immedi-
ately near all buildings. Strict requiremens aire fol-
lowed in keeping this road unobstructed so that in the
event of fire unimpeded access may be had to the origin
of the flame.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Fig. 2 — Plan of Power House, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

The general plan of the plant is shown by Fig. I,
in which the old buildings are indicated by section lined
portions and the additions made during the improve-
ments here considered are designated by open lines. The
improvements have been planned and executed entirely
by the present motive power staff consisting of Mr. A. E.
Manchester, superintendent of motive power; Mr. J. Y.
Hennessey, master car builder ; Mr. James De Voy, me-
chanical engineer; with Mr. J. N. Barr, assistant to the
president, in a consulting capacity, and Mr. Charles F.
Loweth, superintendent of bridges and building, who
assisted in the matter of structures.

The power plant is installed in a brick building of
rather artistic exterior appearance. The roof trussing is
of steel and reverses the usual plan by sloping inwardly
to the center above the wall which divides the boiler and
engine rooms. This roof is also equipped with a ven-
tilating hood embracing both apartments. The building
is 97 by 100 ft. in extent, with an addition of 16 ft. to
the engine room for the condenser and feed water appli-
ances. The building has been erected in a position that
will place the boiler side of the structure alongside a
connecting portion of the modern coaling pockets when
the latter shall have been erected. The boiler room has
been equipped with two batteries of Babcock & Wilcox
water tube boilers whose total horse power is 1,200,

while space has been reserved for another battery of 600
horse power when such addition shall become necessary.
The breeching leads out to a brick stack 35 ft. from the
wall of the boiler room in a location that will permit

p ia 3— View Near Power House, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 4 — Interior of Condenser and Feed Water Pit

Showing Condenser Pump, Condenser and Oil

Separator, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

of an economizer to be inserted in the line should such

ultimately be deemed advisable.

The engine room is equipped with two Nordberg cross-
compound Corliss engines of 330 h. p. each, and direct-

Fig. 5 — Interior of Condenser and Feed Water Pit
Showing Feed Water Pump and Feed Water
Heater, C, M. & St. P. Ry.
connected to each of these engines is a Milwaukee 200
kw. direct-current generator. There is sufficient reserve
space for the installation of still another of these units.
Sunday and night lighting loads are taken care of by a

Fig. 6 — R. D. Woods' Hydraulic Riveter, 17- Ft. Gap,
in Boiler Shop, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

Fig. 7 — Interior of Riveting Towek Showing R. D.
Woods' Accumulator, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

^IdVnW'

Fig. 8 — Cross Section of Power House, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

■••'.;

Fig. 9 — Interior Engine Room, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

Westinghouse verticle 160 h.
p. engine, direct connected
to a 100 kw. generator. At
the opposite end of the room
is an Allis cross-compound
Corliss air compressor of
1,200 cu. ft. free air per min-
ute capacity. All these en-
gines operate condensing
normally, but the exhaust
steam header has been pro-
vided with connectidns that
will allow any or all of them
to exhaust, direct to the at-
mosphere. In the condens-
ing arrangement a novel
adaptation of local condi-
tions has been utilized. About
300,000 gallons of water is

consumed every 24 hours by
the locomotives passing
through the roundhouse and
for other purposes. A steel
storage tank of 200,000 gal-
lons capacity has been erect-
ed near the power plant. A
Wheeler surface condenser
has been installed in the
apartment adjoining the en-
gine room, as indicated in
Fig. 2. The city main bring-
ing water to the storage tank
is connected to the condens-
er so that the latter is inter-
posed in the line of the main,
and all water passes through
the condenser on its way to
the storage tank. In this way
three requirements are at
once accomplished — neces-
sity of a water-cooling
tower is avoided, a high

Fig. 10 — Generating Units, C, M. & St. P. Ry,

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 11 — Niles-Bement-Pond Two Spindle Rod Bor-
ing Machine in Second Story of C, M. &
St. P. Ry. Shops.
vacuum is obtained, and the general water supply is
supplied with a certain amount of heat which otherwise
would be wasted. Tests have not been made, but a
thermometer on a May day showed 27 degrees differ-
ence between the water in the storage tower and that in
die mains before passing through the condenser. In this
pit are also located a Cochrane 1,250 h. p. feed water
heater and a 24-in. oil separator. Also a feed water
pump of 104 gallons per minute capacity.

Fig. 12 shows a Niles crosshead boring machine

Fig. 12 — Niles Cross Head Boring Machine, C, M.
. & St. P. Ry. Shops.

equipped with a very handy tool or bar for boring a
taper hole of any dimension. Any machine having a
revolving spindle can be used with this bar. The
principle upon which the tool works is that of a taper
slide upon which the tool holder moves. As the bar
moves the tool holder moves by means of a screw and
nut, and fed by a star wheel coming in contact with
a trip dog fastened to the machine.

Further improvements at this plant will be presented
in our next issue.

Railroad Shop Tools

By Charles H. Fitch
X.

MODERN Virgil would no doubt sing of

A man and machines, instead of men and arms,
and although Russia has a vast army and is
preparing to take military issue with Japan,
the conflict for supremacy among modern na-
tions will be decided by their machine shops.
The rule is — the more machinery the less
men. I have been through a large flour mill
from top to bottom, machinery all going and
no man to be found. Railroad shops are industries of a
different class, obviously requiring many men because the
product does not admit of a continuous process ; but
within my observation locomotive works for substantially
the same product have reduced need of men about 3 to 1.
We now consider, however, a class of machines in
which large capacity was realized at an early stage of
the history — punches and shears. Any gains in capacity
have been made in attachments for feeding the work, and
these are not applied to ordinary punches and shears.
.Automatic devices displacing human attendance are not
considered necessary except for continuous work on large
boiler plates.

In the generality of machine tools the work clone is

not a maximum. When the limitation of work was in
tool steel, strength of framing was often excessive. As
tool steel has been developed capable of heavier cuts at
higher speeds, greatly increasing the application of power
at the tool point, the framing for stiffness to ensure
practical inflexibility of position must be made much
heavier. Hence a development now in progress in tool
design which is of great significance. But this does not
apply to punches and shears because they have already
reached a design in which we have the greatest stress
at the tool point consistent with its endurance, and are
supposed to have the strongest cast iron framing practica-
ble to meet this stress.

The paring cut is an action in which the work is dis-
tributed in time by rate of speed, and in space by rate
of feed, and while time cannot be annihilated in any
operation it is hardly a considerable factor in the work
of a punch, in which the work is done all at a stroke.

The limit of stress which tool steel can stand is found
in the punching of thick crucible steel plates with small
holes. Then it is steel meet steel, and the small punch
breaks — if not at once, after a few repetitions of the
severe stress which crushes its internal structure and rcn-

ttAlLWAV MASf£& MECHANIC

February, 1964.

ders it brittle. Punching steel has not received the same
attention as cutting steel. Punches, shears and dies are
usually made from a grade of steel costing less than one-
third the price of high speed tool steel, and not given
so high a heat for hardening and tempering. Mr. H. J.
Hinde specifies a special grade of "Carpenter" steel, Mr.
F. K. Bremer an extra annealed tool steel made by the

value for large punches such as are used in railroad work.
A feature characteristic of punches and shears is that
they are liable to be overloaded, and broken. We often
see notices upon the lighter machines warning men that
the machines must not be used for sizes and thicknesses
above a specified maximum, under penalty of discharge.
Break pins to save the frame may be used in the power

Fig. 1 — Miles-Bement-Pond Co., Punch and Shear.

Colonial Co., Chicago, in fact every tool steel maker and
user has his recommendations and preferences on a sub-
ject like this which does not admit of close comparisons.
On fine punching such comparisons might be made based
on durability under severe service, but the result would
be at best only a tool steel costly out of proportion to its

mechanism, but the condition shows that the punch, un-
like the lathe, is a completely loaded machine liable to be
stalled or broken. They are commonly installed for work
of limited strength, for which they are sufficient, but too
much stiffness can hardly be brought to the tool point in
heavy punching and shearing, and the frames take the

^^■lUftlilli:i!.i,i:ii.i;,i.i:.i k ' , ; ' . : : i I ,; 1 / 1

2 — Single Machine with Screw-feed Spacing

Table, Long & Allstatter.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASITBR MECHANIC

immensely massive forms of which an impression is con-
veyed by the words "punching bear." These forms are
given such a large factor of safety that the treachery of
cast iron is covered by their strength, and the forms are
little liable to the breakage incident to initial strains set

Fig. 3 — Boilermakers' Combined Punch and Shear,
Geo. Whiting Co.

up by unequal contraction. We can point to these forms
as ultimates towards which we must approach in other
tools, as these are made so swift and powerful in action
that we are brought to a simple trial of the penetrating
power of an edged material against the resistance in com-
pression of a framing material.

The demands of railroad shops for punches and shears
are simple and involve less variety than is requisite in
ship-building. Owing to the disposition of foreign manu-
facturers to design independently where American manu-
facturers are less concerned with unique patterns than
with effective designs, our machines conform to a few
types. What I may style single and double "bear" fram-
ing is all but universal, the double machines having a

punch at one end, and a short shear at the other, while for
longer shear blades or gate shears a pair of these frames
are set side by side.

Many types of machines are peculiar to other classes
of work, such as beam punching and coping machines for
structural work and multiple punches for
perforated metal work, armature notching,
machines, billet and bloom shears, but in
railroad shops we find the vertical bearing
frame punches and shears and horizontal
punches, beveling and splitting shears, as
well as the almost universal Lennox rolling
shears for bevel and irregular work. The
tools necessary are those for making firebox
boilers, and in addition to these there is us-
ually much car iron work to be handled
which requires some small quick-acting
punches and bar and angle-iron shears.

A characteristic tool is the punch and
shear with automatic spacing table. For
punching boiler plates geared spacing
tables and multiple punches economize
time and labor, two men punching 1,000
holes in an hour. Spacing is usually
effected by pawls and escapement gearing similar
to that used in gear-cutting machines. Fig. 1 shows
such a machine by Bement, Miles & Co. (now Niles-Be-
ment-Pond Co.), arranged for bevel shearing the edges
and rapid punching of rivet holes in single or double
rows. Fig. 2 shows a machine for punching holes in
boiler plate, and having a screw-feed spacing table. This
is made by the Long & Alstatter Co., Hamilton, Ohio.

'jo. 4 — 20-inch Throat Punch, Motor Driven, Geo.
B. Sennett Co., Youncstown.

Fig. 5 — Double Punch, Motor Driven, Cincinnati

Punch & Shear Co.
The screw is diagonal to the bed and causes the travel of
a nut moving in a slot in a revolving spacing table. The
table set at zero will space the pitch of the screw, and set
either way from zero will space greater or less, even
sixteenlhs being fed through a ratchet. At the movement

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

of punching the plate is clamped automatically upon the
die, the same device serving" for a stripper.

It is the embarrassment of riches to attempt to illus-
trate the designs of different American builders and give
their features of design adequate justice in so short an

Fig. 6 — Punches, Dies & Couplings.

article. Most of them build full lines covering all usual
requirements. In Fig. 3 is shown the No. 8 combined
punch and shear, 42-in. throat, built by George Whiting
Co., Chicago, expressly for boiler makers. It shows the
Whiting strippers, and the machine has a special form of
throat for punching small flanged heads, though made
with other forms of throat.

Fig. 7 — Bar Shear, Cleveland Punch and Shear Co.

The Hilles & Jones Co., of Wilmington, Del., are
among the oldest makers of these tools and build them
in great variety. In Fig. 4 we show a motor-driven hori-
zontal punch of their manufacture. These punches can
be used to great advantage on some classes of suspended
boiler and flange work. Motor drive presents no difficul-
ties. The machine has two punches, each provided with
a gag. This is a simple and usual device for making
connection between the punch proper and its driving
mechanism. If for example it were required to use only
one of these punches the gag of the other would be
lifted out.

Fig. 4 shows _ a class 7-20-in. throat punch with 7^
h. p. induction motor built by the George B. Sennett
Co., of Youngstown, O. It has automatic and friction
clutch, and the three punches may be operated by foot
lever or independently, or together, by pushing in or
pulling out gags which are provided with convenient
handles.

Fig. 5, by the Cincinnati Punch & Shear Co., shows a

double end punch and shear of a type in very common
use, direct-driven by a 5 h. p. motor. These double tools
economize in gearing, but have some disadvantages inci-
dent to most combination tools. If work is moving con-
tinuously through the shop, an end to end arrangement is
not always handy, though for occasional work this makes
little difference. One end is also usually in a poorer light
than the other, although our modern facilities in lighting
may be made to remedy any such difficulty. I prefer,

Fig.^ 8 — Wickes Bros., Punch.

however, to see a tool made and placed for its work,
rather than to subordinate convenience of work to any
pre-arrangement in tool design.

It is interesting to note what may be called equiva-
lence in shear and punch capacity. Solid contents
punched in cubic inches is from 1-5 to 1-10 cross section
sheared at a single stroke, in the larger (2-in plate) and
smaller (J/^-in. plate), respectively. The circumferential
area punched is less than the straight area sheared.

In 1880 it was noted that two' designs for actuating
the shear or punch were in vogue, the eccentric with large
area of rubbing surface to distribute the pressure, and
the lever driven by double-acting cam, obtaining a quick
return and also bringing the punch to the very end of
nosing so as to punch within an inch of flange or comer.
Now nearly all presses are of the eccentric type.

The die has a hole slightly larger than the punch
(see Fig. 6), which is held in place by a screw coupling
securing it to the punch stem. The shearing action
whether of shear proper or punch is made by the cut-
ting of the skin metal, and thereafter by the local com-
pression under the punch tearing and forcing out the
blank, and enlarging the hole downward by about r in
10 on either side. The metal is thus hard treated and
must be annealed after punching, or else the holes must
be punched small and reamed out. The Dietz system of
step punches was invented 20 years ago. It left the
metal strength unimpaired and was an excellent device,
but was never pushed in practice.

Shear blades are secured to head and die by blocks.
They conform to the section to be sheared, being angular

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

for cutting angles, and round for rounds, but for flat bars
are applied at an angle of relief or inclination as are
scissors. Alligator shears are much like scissors, but
the guillotine type with shears between vertical guides
is suited for finer work. Fig. 7 shows such a shear
built by the Cleveland Punch and Shear Works
Co. and driven by independent engine. This company
builds a full line of punches with dies for flue holes, hand
holes and all heavy boiler work.

Fig. 8 shows the framing of a punch or shear made by
VVickes Bros., Saginaw, Mich. This frame has two
heavy ribs instead of one as usual, giving greater
strength and a section like that of an I-beam. As the I-

Fig. 9 — Punch and Shear, Bremer Machine and
Tool Co.

beam owes its form to convenience in rolling, and these
forms are cast, and require the greatest strength it seems
strange that no builder has adopted the box section. To
resist strains frames with deep throats have bolts between
the jaws. The VVickes frame has provision for such
bolts to be let in sidewise like the bolts of Cornish pump
valve box covers. The VVickes drive is through gear,
shaft, coupling, eccentric and cam. Position of work
may be tried before punching by hand wheel lowering
gear in front of eccentric shaft. Regular flue hole dies
furnished are 2, 2}i, 2 l / 2 , 2^, 3, 3^ and 4 inches.

Fig. 9 shows a No. 4 shear 18 inches in throat, single
built by the Bremer Machine & Tool Co., Kalamazoo,
Mich. Fig. 10 shows details of eccentric, connecting rod
and crosshead as built by this company.

In general throw of eccentrics or levers is varied by
several simple adjustments such as eccentric sleeves, or
screw elevation of lever bearings. In the ordinary ec-
centric press the eccentric is overhung, but greater
strength can be obtained by the double connection ec-
centric press which is easily built to exert 200 tons
pressure.

Clutches are thrown in by treadle, and can easily be

Fig. 10 — Construction of Crosshead and Connect-
ing Rod, Bremer Machine & Tool Co.
arranged for automatic throw. Rams are caused to stop
at the highest point of their stroke by springs which
throw the clutch out when this is permitted by an escape-
ment at the proper point.

Guards, strippers (which prevent work from lifting
when the' punch rises), gauges, distance pieces, shear
holders for cutting off or slitting sheets along the edges,
etc., are shown in the various illustrations presented, and
are tools of such obvious purpose as to require little ex-
planation.

Shears and punches do what may be termed roughing
out work, and their province has been somewhat en-
croached upon by the heavier cuts of modern finishing
tools.

Convertible Sleeping and Parlor Car for Electric Railway

THE Holland Palace Car Company of Indianapolis,
Indiana, has had two convertible sleeping and
parlor cars built to be operated over an electric line by

their own motors. They are to be used as compartment
sleeping cars at night and as parlor cars during the day.
The first Qf these cars, designated as the "Theodore,"

Fig. 1 -Convertible Parlor and Sleeping Car for Electric Railways.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, ioxH-

has been received by the company, and the second, the
"Francis," is expected within a snort time, They were
built under tne noiiand patents at tne piant ot tne Har-
lan & noinngswortn Company, Wilmington, ueiaware,
under tne direction ot tne Holland Company's mecnan-
icai engineer, Mr. Mason -ficicert. it was tne original
intention to Duild Dut a single car and use it tor exnibi-
tion purposes, but tliere was an immediate demand tor
two cars to be put in practical service and the cars here
referred to have been built tor that purpose. The car
illustrated herewith is 56 ft. 4 in. long over all and 8 tt.
ioJ4 ins. wide. It is driven by lour Westinghouse
motors of 150 horse power each, making a total horse
power of 600 per car, geared for 65 or 75 miles per
hour. The exterior ot the car is painted maroon, a
color which has been adopted as standard by the
company.

^-vs snown by tne accompanying interior views, when
arranged as a parlor car trie inferior presents a pleasing
appearance and all comforts of day travel are available.
One of the views shows also the appearance of a part
of the car when arranged into compartments. The
compartments are on each side of a center ailse, there_
being in each car ten compartments 6 ft. 10 in. long
by 3 ft. 6 in. wide. There is one lower and one upper
berth in each compartment each 27 in. wide (regular
steamer size), allowing a 15-in. dressing space between
berth and aisle. The partition which forms the com-

Fig. 2 — Part Sectional Rear Elevation, Convert-
ible Sleeping and Parlor Car.

Fig. 3 — Floor Plan, Convertible Sleeping and Par lor Car.

-.
-■• ■•mm

ffpf Hi fP

Fig. 4 — Interior of Convertible Car when Used as
Parlor Car.

Fig. 5 — Interior Convertible Car Showing Portion
of Compartments Arranged as when Used as
Sleeper.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

partment is of the same material and is operated on
the same principle as a roll-top desk and is entirely out
of sight in the day time, which arrangement gives an
open parlor car with 20 revolving parlor car chairs.
The inside of the partition is covered with handsome
tapestry, the window shades of pantasote with green silk
face and the curtains in the doorways of double faced
velour, which makes an exceedingly handsome com-
partment.

The cars are heated by the Peter Smith Heating Com-
pany's system of hot water heating for the body of the
car, the motorman's cab being heated by three of the
Consolidated Car Heating Co.'s electric heaters. Hot
and cold water is provided for the wash stands,
the hot water being heated by an electric hot water
heater.

The interior decorations- are of inlaid mahogany and
bronze. The smoking room and men's toilet are at one

end and the ladies' toilet at the other. The minor equip-
ment includes electric curling irons for the use of lady
passengers ; electric cigar lighters in the smoking room.
Electric fans are located at each end in the main body
of the car to be operated during the day.

It is not the purpose of the Holland Company to sell
their cars of this type, but instead to operate them for
the electric roads in the same manner as sleeping cars
are operated on the steam roads, the Holland Co. to
own all cars. The officers of the; Holland Palace Car
Co. are : Harris F. Holland, president ; Amos K. Hol-
lowell, vice-president ; Joseph W. Selvage, secretary and
treasurer; Amzi L. Wheeler, assistant secretary and
treasurer, and Judge James E. McCullough, general
counsel, all of Indianapolis, Ind.

The principle of the car here illustrated was presented
in the October, 1902, issue of the Railway Master Me-
chanic, on page 372.

The Western Railway Club

By J. W. Tay

THE western Railway Club was organized on
April 16, 1884, in Club room A of the Grand Pa-
cific Hotel, Chicago, 111.

Mr. Joseph Townsend, master car builder of the
Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, was chairman of

Mr. D. F. Crawford, President of the Western

Railway Club.
the first meeting, and Mr. Wm. Eorsyth, mechanical
engineer of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail-
road Company, its first secretary. Mr. I>. K. Verbryck,
master car builder of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pa-
cific Railway Company, was elected its first president.

lor, Secretary.

Among those who were also interested in the forma-
tion of the club and were present at its first meetings
are the names of Allen Cook, H. L. Cooper, Chas. D.
Ettenger, H. C. Buhoup, Willard A. Smith, C. E.
Smart, Jacob Jbhann and J. G. Riley.

As is usual in such organizations its beginning was
on a small scale, but the organizers were enthusiastic,
earnest men, devoted to the business of railroading,
who realized the necessity of an institution where, by
the exchange of ideas, a better knowledge might be
had of the safe and economical operation of railways,
where a means might be taken to bring about uni-
formity and interchangeability of the different parts of
cars, and mutual understanding be arrived at for the
adustment of differences growing out of the inter-
change and repairs of cars engaged in through traffic.
The personnel of the club was made up of men inter-
ested in railroad matters generally, and from a nucleus
of ten charter members in 1884 it has grown until now
its membership is nearly twelve hundred, composed of
men in every department of railway service.

The roster of its presiding officers includes: B. K.
Verbryck (1884), C. F. Pierce (1885), W. A. Scott
(1886), G. W. Rhodes (1887-8), John Hickey (1889),
J. N. Barr (1890), P. H. Peck (1891), W. H. Lewis
(1892), Wm. Forsyth (1893), Geo. Gibbs (1894),
G. L. Potter (1895), A. M. Waitt (1896), F. A. De-
lano O897), C. A. Schroyer (1898), H. G. Hetzler
(1899), A - F. Manchester (1900), Prof. W. F. M.
Goss (1901), F. H. Clark (1902), D. F. Crawford
(1903).

The successive secretaries are Wm. Forsyth, Angus
Sinclair, W. I). Grossman, W. PI. Marshall, C. F.
Street, F. M. Whyte.

With such prominent men at the throttle and guided
by a host of others equally well known, it is but natural
that the club's influence should become national in

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

character. As expressed by President Lewis at our
World's Fair banquet, on Sept. 19, 1893, "the work of
the club, its contributions, recommendations and de-
liberations are conspicuous in the technical literature
of the clay and in the perfected methods employed on
our railroads."

The papers presented . and the discussions thereon,
since the club's inception, cover practically every detail
of railway construction and operation, but more par-
ticularly the locomotive and car.

Were I asked to- name the most prominent work of
the club I would reply, the development of the rules of
interchange. Situated as we are in the greatest rail-
road center in the country, with roads diverging in
every direction, the movement of their constantly in-
creasing traffic through the Chicago, gateway with the
least congestion possible has ever been a live question.
To it the Western Railway Club has devoted a great
deal of attention, with the result that the rules adopted
for the handling of this traffic have been adopted as
part of the interchange rules of the Master Car
Builders' Association.

The club is the possessor of an up-to-date mechanical
library (the legacy of Mr. D. L. Barnes) second to
none in the west, and in order to retain this property
it became a corporate body in March, 1897.

Regarding the Handling of Scrap

COMMUNICATION.

To the Editor of the Railway Master Mechanic:

I have read with interest the articles written by Mr.
J. F. Murphy, general storekeeper of the L. S. & M. S.
R. R., and Mr. John Burke, general storekeeper of the
Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf R. R., on the handling and
disposition of railroad scrap, and take pleasure in con-
tributing this paper, on the subject, as it appears from
our more westerly point of view. I desire to say in the
beginning that I entirely approve of this interchange of
ideas between the stores department of the several rail-
roads as contributing to a better and more intelligent
administration of the department. There is no depart-
ment in the railway organization that can contribute
more to a satisfactory balance sheet than a store depart-
ment, well organized and administered, but it has been
only during the past few years that the great railroads
of the country have given it the importance it justifies,
but there seems now to be an awakening to the fact,
that if supplies are a necessity to the operations of the
railroads, it is equally necessary that those supplies be
as carefully surrounded by safeguards, as to their proper
uses and accounting for, as the revenues of the roads are,
and what road is there that does not see the importance
of guarding most rigidly its earnings ? There is a wide
field for the discussion of the manifold advantages in
having a stores department of a railroad, but as this. is
not the fitting time for such a discussion, I will confine
mv paper wholly to the topic under consideration, viz :
The proper handling of scrap.

The Southern Pacific Railroad, Pacific System, which
I have the honor of serving as general storekeeper, is
probably affected by conditions which do not operate
upon roads of the east, in that it is situated on the utter-
most western rim of the continent, far from the base of
supplies and manufacturers, and has perforce been
compelled to be self-reliant, so that much of the scrap
which eastern roads dispose of by selling, is devoted by
the Southern Pacific to its own manufactures. This
company has large shops situated at Sacramento, Cali-
fornia, employing about four thousand men, and not the
least important of which is its large foundry and roll-
ing mills. It manufactures all its iron and brass cast-
ings (excepting malleable iron), including car and en-
gine wheels, locomotive and steamboat cylinders, struc-
tural castings, the most of its bar iron, "I" beams, all
of its angle bars, track spikes and bolts, much of its
nuts, and everything, in fact, that is necessary to a rail-
road, but rails ; therefore, its immense accumulation of
wrought and cast scrap is used again through its
foundry and rolling mills by being converted into serv-
iceable material, so the only scrap the Southern Pacific
Company sells is such as it cannot use, as cast steel,
steel rail, steel fire box and boiler plate, very light sheet
steel and iron.

Scrap iron rail, angle bars, spikes and bolts are re-
rolled and worked up into angle bars. Spikes and bolts
are not considered as No. 1, wrought scrap, which
scrap — the accumulation from locomotives, cars, build-
ings and bridges — is devoted wholly to the manufacture
of the better grades of iron, for like purposes. The
accumulation of scrap from the various departments is
turned over to the stores department on the several divis-
ions, and is then, with the exception of steel rail (and
some steel rail is utilized in the manufacture of brake
beams by this company) shipped to Sacramento, where
it is carefully gone over, in unloading into its proper
place, and anything serviceable put into the way of again
being used as such. There is a good deal, doubtless,
goes into the scrap pile which might, by expending
labor; be used again, but at the same time, unless your
facilities for doing this are such as to reduce the cost
to the minimum, taking the cost of its being converted
again into serviceable, and practically new material, we
are not justified in attempting to recover it, but rather
let it go the course of scrap, and be worked over. Very
much depends upon the facilities given for the eco-
nomic handling of scrap, and as our facilities are re-
stricted, unquestionably much goes into scrap, which
under more favorable • conditions could be used. I have
no doubt that a good amount of track spikes, from that
turned in as scrap could be saved, and be again used
as such, but as our organization on this road is a new
one, in the multiplicity of duties incident to effecting an
organization, we have not had the time to look into the
matter, but upon a visit I made the Union Pacific Rail-
road last year I learned that they found it paid to look
particularly after this point. We endeavor on our dif-
ferent divisions to have the scrap segregated and kept
separately in bins provided therefor, and when a carload

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

shall have been accumulated, load and ship it in to Sac-
ramento; loading so that the cost of unloading may be
reduced to the minimum, as the different grades have
to be unloaded at different points, and if care is not
exercised in its separation, and loading at the initial
point, much unnecessary expense is incurred in its un-
loading at its destination.

Borings must be kept clean and put into barrels, for
these borings are now (under the able direction of Mr.
H. J. Small, general superintendent M. P. Dept.) put
through the foundry cupolas and converted into a good
grade of pig iron suitable for many purposes, and as
carefully looked after as any other class of iron, but
which for many years simply served to fill holes, as no
use could be made of, and no one would buy it. As
Mr. Murphy says, most of the responsibility for the
proper saving of material of all description from cars
and engines undergoing repairs, or demolition, rests
with the mechanic or laborer doing the work, for he
should be sufficiently familiar with the mechanical side
of it to know whether the material is serviceable or not:
if serviceable, it should be put aside as such; if scrap,

into the scrap bin, but it should always be borne in mind
that such scrap should be in the first place segregated
and kept so, for every time you rehandle it for the pur-
pose of segregation, you just that much add to its un-
necessary cost and resultant expenditure of money in
labor. These things seem to some, infinitely small, too
small to be worthy their consideration, but in these days
of economies it is these little things that make a great
aggregate, and are indeed worthy the attention of the
management of the great roads, where the little things
would be great ones, to roads of lesser magnitude. As
I said in the beginning of this paper, I entirely endorse
all Mr. Murphy says, but as I am afraid I am prolonging
this beyond your patience, I will conclude.

Much may be said upon the affairs of a store depart-
ment, and as it is almost a new one to most roads, much
may be learned by each, from the exprience of the oth-
ers, and the interchange of ideas, and I shall look for-
ward with interest to the appearance of other articles in
your valued journal. Yours truly,

W. R. Ormsby,
General Storekeeper , Southern Pacific Co.

The Proper Location of TelUTale Holes

£k RECENT criticism suggesting discrepancies in the
location of tell-tale holes in staybolts, prompts us
to present the accompanying line drawings illustrating
the practice followed in drilling staybolts in a division
shop of one of the prominent western systems. The
criticism in view would imply that tell-tale holes are

j /"(._ Centering Thimble

The Proper Location of Tell-Tale Holes.

often drilled so hurriedly and that so little care is ob-
served in their proper location at the centre of the end of
the bolt that the hole fails to insure immediate indica-
tion of the presence of a crack in the bolt to which it is
applied.

That this careless practice can not be general and that
the central location of the tell-tale hole is considered es-
sential is evidenced by the use of the arrangement here
presented, by means of which each staybblt may be
drilled quickly and the central location of the hole in-
sured. The appliances used are simple in application
and construction. An "L" shaped stand is so construct-
ed that it may be securely bolted to the table. In the
vertical side of this stand is a semi-circular groove ma-
chined to accommodate the bolt. The bolt is maintained
securely in a vertical position within this groove by a
clamp which extends through the vertical plate and
which terminates in a thumb-nut by means of which the
clamp may be tightened and the bolt drawn securely
against the plate. When the bolt is securely fastened a
thimble is placed over the upper end and in the centre of
this thimble is a hole of such size as to guide the drill to
the centre of the end of the bolt and insure against the
drill working away from the centre. This method may
be followed very rapidly and the accuracy with which
holes are located is clearly evident. The details of the
several parts are presented in the engraving.

In presenting these illustrations we acknowledge the
courtesy of Mr. J. P. Peach, general foreman of the Ft.
Madison shops of the Atchison, Topcka and Santa Fe
Railway.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904,

Committee on Subjects — Master Mechanics'
Association

The Committee on Subjects of the American Railway
Master Mechanics' Association has sent out the follow-
ing : "The duty of the above-named committee is to rec-
ommend to the next convention what subjects it believes
desirable should be discussed by the association during
the year 1904-5. The committee considers that the mem-
bers in general should have some voice in the selection
of these subjects, and therefore requests that you advise
the chairman of what, in your opinion, should be investi-
gated under the following heads :

"1. Committee Work. — The investigation of a great
many subjects requires that tests and experiments be
conducted, which can best be done by the co-operation of
several members, and therefore it is advisable that the
question be referred to a committee.

"2. Individual Papers.; — In a great many instances, the
presentation of a subject through individual members of
the association is found desirable, because of the writer's
familiarity with all its details. You probably know mem-
bers who have made a careful study of some certain
feature of locomotive or shop work, and the presentation
of a paper by such member forms an instructive part
in our program.

"3. Topical Discussions. — The noon-hour discussions
have become an interesting part of our conventions.
Where we have good, live topics, with sharp, snappy and
to-the-point discussions, allowing each member five min-
utes to express himself, much valuable information is
obtained, which otherwise would not be brought out.

"Please send your replies as promptly as possible to
Mr. Henry Bartlett (chairman), superintendent motive
power, Boston & Maine Railroad, Boston, Massachusetts.
Henry Bartlett, chairman, J. F. Deems and A. W. Gibbs,
committee."

Cleveland Style "B-A" Punching Machine, Built

by the Cleveland Punch & Shear Works

Company

The fly wheel and shaft of this machine run continu-
ously, and by means of an automatic gag which operates
on the plunger only, the plunger can be stopped at any
stroke of the machine at the highest point in its travel.
The gag which is shown on the front of the cover plate
is very quickly and easily operated by the small lever
marked "A", which throws out automatically, stopping
the entire plunger. By this means the punch can be
operated at a high speed without any shock or jar. .

The punch holder and die socket are adjustable, and
the die block of the machine is so designed that all kinds
of structural shapes, bars, plate, etc., may be punched.
Shearing tools can be easily substituted for the punching
attachment. The cast iron base on which the machine
is mounted may be dispensed with, and the punch
mounted on a bench.

The maximum punchng capacity of this machine is

Ys-'m. hole through ^-in. plate, or y 2 -'m. hole through
^2-in. plate. Speed about sixty to seventy strokes per
minute. Frame is of the solid Cleveland type.

In this machine, the makers have disposed of the clutch
mechanism, which invariably gives trouble on a high
speed punch, and have a means of operation which is

"B-A" Punching Machine.

quick and sure. This punch is designed for use in small
boiler shops, blacksmith shops and iron works, where
a low priced tool is desired.

A Grant to Purdue University From the Car-
negie Institution of Washington, D. C.

At the regular convocation of students and faculty of
Purdue University, at La Fayette, Indiana, President
Stone announced that a grant of $5,000 had been made
by the trustees of the Carnegie Institution to Professor
W. F. M. Goss to promote research in locomotive testing.
In making the announcement, President Stone called at-
tention to the large amount of research work in science,
in agriculture, and in engineering, which has already
been accomplished at Purdue, and expressed his apprecia-
tion of this added evidence of the confidence in Purdue's
ability to do things well.

The Carnegie Institution was established and endowed
by Andrew Carnegie for the purpose of extending aid to
scientists whenever found in advancing important lines
of scientific research. At the second annual meeting of

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

the trustees, which was held at Washington, December
Qth, more than a thousand applicants were considered*
sixty-six of which received favorable action. Among
these latter was the Purdue grant. Hitherto, aid has been
chiefly given to workers in pure science, and generally
in comparative small amounts. The grant to Purdue is
probably the most significant gift yet made for work in
an Applied science.

Purdue has long been distinguished for its work in
locomotive testing. In 1890 and 1891, in the process
of developing an engineering laboratory for the instruc-
tion of students, a full sized locomotive was mounted
upon a testing plant as a part of the laboratory equipment
in such a way as to permit its performance to be accu-
rately determined. Previous to this time, it had been
extremely difficult to determine by means of tests on the.
road either the power or the efficiency of a locomotive,
or to ascertain the effect upon the factors of minor
changes in the adjustment of its mechanism. The ad-
vent of the testing plant solved the problem of locomotive
testing. By its use the locomotive in operation becomes
in effect a stationary engine and may be subjected to
the same scrutiny and surrounded with the same acces-
sory apparatus. This system of testing locomotives origi-
nated at Purdue and thus far the Purdue plant has re-
mained the only one of its kind in the world. Since its
installation, engineers from many countries have visited
the university to acquaint themselves with its character.
At the present time, the Pennsylvania Railroad is install-
ing in the Transportation Department of the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition, a plant which is practically a dupli-
cate of the Purdue plant for use during the exposition.

The specific purpose of the grant which has been made
by the Carnegie Institution is to aid in carrying out an
elaborate study of the value of high steam pressures in
locomotive service. A few years ago locomotive boilers
were designed for a pressure of 150 pounds. At the
present time, 180 or 200 pounds pressure are common,
and designers are asking the question whether it will
prove economical to still further extend the limit. In an-
ficipation of such a study, the boiler of the present experi-
mental locomotive of Purdue University was designed
for 250 pounds, and it is in connection with this locomo-
tive that experiments will be made.

The recipient of the grant, Professor Goss, the Dean
of the Schools of Engineering of Purdue University, is
the originator of the locomotive testing plant and has
long been identified with the engineering work of Purdue.

Personals

Mr. L. E. Hassman has been appointed general fore-
man of (lie Illinois Central at Carbondale, Til.

Mr. C. E. Bishop has been appointed road foreman
of engines of the Chautauqua division of the Pennsyl-
vania rial road.

Mr. A. Becker, general master mechanic of the Louis-
ville & Nashville Railroad at New Decatur, has resigned,

taking effect February 1st, and will reside in Dayton,
Ohio, where he has business interests.

The headquarters of Mr. J. W. Records, master me-
chanic of the Santa Fe Central, have been removed from
Torrance to Estancia, N. M.

Mr. O. J. Kelly has been appointed master mechanic
of the Ohio division of the Baltimore & Ohio, with
office at Parkersburg, W. Va.

Mr. W. J. Bingley has been apoointed assistant super-
intendent of machinery of the Western Maryland, with
headquarters at Hanover, Pa.

Mr. W. T. Lambert has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Jonesboro, Lake City & Eastern, with
headquarters at Jonesboro, Ark.

Mr. S. A. Hurd has been appointed assistant road
foreman of engines of the Buffalo and Rochester divis-
ions of the Pennsylvania railroad.

Mr. W. L. Calvert has been appointed master me-
chanic of the first division of the Denver & Rio Grande,
with headquarters at Burnham, Denver, Colo.

The office of Mr. Alfred Lovell, assistant superintend-
ent of motive power of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa
Fe, has been removed from Topeka to Chicago.

Mr. A. P. Prendergast, master mechanic of the Balti-
more & Ohio at Grafton, W. Va., has been transferred
to Riverside, Baltimore, Md., in a similar capacity.

Mr. W. G. Wallace has been appointed superintendent
of motive power and cars of the Duluth, Missabee &
Northern, with headquarters at Proctor, Minn. ; effective
on January 1.

The office of master mechanic on the Duluth & Iron
Range Railroad was recently abolished, and the office
of superintendent of motive power created, Mr. H. S.
Bryan being appointed to the latter position.

Taking effect February 1st, Mr. H. Swoyer, hereto-
fore assistant superintendent of machinery of the Louis-
ville & Nashville R. R., has resigned to become general
manager of the Rogers Locomotive Works, at Paterson,

N. J.

Mr. L. L. Collier has been appointed general foreman
of machine shops of the Arkansas Southern, with head-
quarters at Ruston, La. Mr. Collier formerly held a
similar position with the Southern Railwav at Columbia,
S. C.

Mr. J. J. Dowling has been appointed master mechanic
of the Great Northern at Everett, Wash., to succeed Mr.
F. J. Clark, who has been appointed master mechanic of
the Spokane Falls & Northern, with headquarters at
Spokane, Wash.

Mr. J. E. Anderson, who resigned about two years
since as master mechanic of the International in Mon-
terey, Mex., and engaged in the foundry business in El
Paso, has given up his business there and returned to
the service of the International as master mechanic at
Monclova, Mex.

Mr. Peter Maher, master mechanic of the Indiana, Illi-
nois & Iowa Railroad, has been appointed superintend-
ent of motive power of the Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern, west of Toledo, and the Indiana, Illinois &
Iowa, lie is to have charge of the road work, and Mr.
Cross, master mechanic, will have charge of the shop
work.

Mr. W. P. Garabrant, air brake inspector of the Penn-
sylvania 1\. P., sailed for Europe a few days ago for

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

the purpose of bringing to this country the De Glehn
compound constructed especially for the testing plant
at the St. Louis exposition, and afterwards to be put
in commission on the Pennsylvania R .R., whe^e oppor-
tunity will be given for the demonstratinfoots ithm hmb
tunity will be given for the demonstration of its good
points in actual competition with the best power built in
this country.

There has been a rearrangement of the territory of
the superintendents of motive power on the entire Bal-
timore & Ohio system. Mr. E. T. White in the future
will have charge of the entire main line territory which
includes the old lines of the Baltimore & Ohio east of
the Ohio river with the exception of the Wheeling sys-
tem and the Pittsburg division, with office a\t Balti-
more, Md., and A. Kearney will have charge of the
Pittsburg division and the Chicago grand division, while
Mr. G. A. Schmoll will look after the Wheeling grand
division, and will have his headquarters at Wheeling,
W. Va.

♦ « » ■

Friction and Lost Work ik Machinery and Mill Work, by
Dr. It. H. Thurston, lato director of Sibley College, Cornell
University. The .seventh and enlarged edition of this work
contains a considerabe amount of new matter, and something
in the nature of a summary has been added, bringing it up
to date. The methods of the author and' the apparatus long
ago devised by him for the purpose of researches in this direc-
tion have meantime found constant and fruitful use, both at
home and abroad. In some instances dealers and makers of
lubricants have furnished copies of past editions of the book
to their actual or prospective customers to give them a sound
knowledge of the principles underlying a good practice and
of the facts revealed bv the experiments of scientific inves-
tigators. A new chapter has been added, in the present edi-
tion, in which the most important of the later researches, so
far as they have become known to the writer, have been ab-
stracted. Much new information has also become available
in relation to the classes of lubricants, old and new, which
have been found suitable to special uses, and the adaptation
of its special lubricant to every rubbing part, its load and its
velocity of rubbing being considered. The rsearches de-
scribed in the ;idded text relating to the high-speed work of
electric generators and motors and of the turbine, have
pculiar interest at this time and must have permanent in-
fluence upon future designing in this department of mechan-
ical engineering. The work of Lasche has been summarized
with exceptional detail. The continuation of the work of the
earlier investigators and its smooth connection with the later
researches is exhibited graphically in accompanying engrav-
ings, and the graphical method is utilized, when practicable,
in giving clear and realizable presentations of the laws
underlying the data obtained by experiment. — Published by
John Wiley & Sons, New York City. Price, $3.

Notes of the Month

The Ajax Metal Company, of Philadelphia, Pa., have pur-
chased the business, plant, good will and fixtures of the late
Bates Metal Co., of Birmingham, Ala., and will continue the
metal business in all its branches under the name and title
of the Ajax Metal Company of the South, Birmingham, Ala.

Forging and special machinery, punches, shears, etc.. are
the subjects illustrated and described in a carefully arranged
catalogue of 110 pages which is being distributed by Wil-'
liams, White & Company, Moline, 111. Those interested in
forging work and desirous of observing same of the form
quickly made by modern machines will do well to procure a
copy of this catalogue. ,

The Detroit Graphite Manufacturing Company, of Detroit,
Mich., have issued a handsome booklet regarding their
"Superior Graphite Paint," telling "WHAT IT IS," "WHAT IT
DOES," "HOW IT'S MADE," "WHAT IT'S FOR," "WHERE IT
GOES," etc. The booklet is handsomely illustrated and is
worth sending for to the company, who will furnish them on
request.

Some of the finest work in the way of railway advertising
matter has just been issued by the passenger department of
the Frisco System. In a publication under the title of "There
is Something to See along the Frisco System" are given some
exceedingly handsome and artistic illustrations of the scenery
along the line of their road. Judging from the beautiful pic-
tures in their booklet, there is certainly something to see in
the country through which runs the lines of the Frisco Sys-
tem. The passenger department is certainly to be congratu-
lated on the fine manner in which their literature is being
published.

Adreon & Co., of St. Louis, Mo., is a recently organized
company dealing in railway supplies. The officers are E. L.
Adreon, Jr., president; E. W. Hodgkins, vice-president; D. R.
Niederlander, secretary and treasurer. The formation of
their company is for the sale of general railway supplies and
equipment and iron and steel. They will be the southwestern
sales agencies for the following manufacturers: American
Brake Shoe & Foundry Company, Railway Appliances Com-
pany, the T. H. Symington Company, Railroad Supply Com-
pany, American Rolling Mill Corporation, Dressel Railway
Lamp Works, Paul Dickinson, Diamond State Car Spring
Company, Universal Oiler Company.

The Cleveland Twist Drill Company, of Cleveland, 0., have
just issued a booklet on "Twist Drills, Their Uses and
Abuses," and in the introduction their aim is told as follows:
"It is the aim in this little leaflet to present to our friends a
brief and comprehensive collection of ideas, based on our
own practice and observation, on the use of twist drills, and
to assist them in obtaining an increased cutting capacity
combined with maximum durability and a general satisfactory
performance. We are aware that this pamphlet contains
very little that is new or original with us, and trust that ad-
vanced mechanics and artisans into whose hands it may fall
will- be fair in their criticisms, bearing in mind that while
they are familiar with all that it contains, there are a large
number of users of such tools who have not had the oppor-
tunity to acquire the needful information, and it is es-
pecially for this class of workmen that the leaflet is in-
tended."

"Dallet Pneumatic Tools" is the title of a pamphlet just
issued by Thos. C. Dallett Company, York street and Sedgley
avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. The Dallett Company was estab-
lished in 1883 and has been engaged in the manufacture of
pneumatic tools for the past six years. From the establish-
ment of the company to the present time it has been their
constant aim and? endeavor that their products should repre-
sent the highest development that the most skilled labor and
talent Avere capable of producing. As this has been their
policy in the past, so it shall be in the future, and no ex-
pense or pains will be spared to promote the excellence of
their tools or the kindly feeling now existing between their
patrons and themselves. Their business has grown far beyond
their expectations and their success is attributed directly to
the high standard of their tools and fair treatment of their
customers. Their facilities for manufacturing are unsur-
passed and are constantly being increased to meet the con-
tinually growing demand for their products.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 2-

Ainoug tLe recent sales made by the
Hicks Locomotive & Car Works are the
following: One 45-ton locomotive to the
Wisconsin & Arkansas Lumber C; one
switch engine to the Pullman Company;'
one 55-ton engine to the Middle States
Construction Co.; one 17x24 locomotive
to the James Mullins Coal Co.; one 40-
ton locomotive to the Patton & Gibson
Co., contractors; one 65-ton and two 55-
ton locomotives and five box cars to C.
the Des Moines City Ry. Co.; twelve
dump cars to the Chicago Portland
Cement Co.; ten tank cars to the Hol-
landale.Oil Co.; one flat and two box cars
to the Tremont Lumber Co.; four dump
cars and one flat to the Western Electric
Co.; four logging cars for the North-
western Cooperage & Lumber Co.; four
barrel cars to the Omaha Cooperage Co.; ten flat cars and one
tank car to Patton & Gibson Co.; one box ear to the Owen
Lumber Co.; four flat cars to the Bon Air Coal & Iron Co.;
ten flat cars to the Carolina & Western R. R. Co.; six box
cars to the Wichita Valley Railway; four flat cars to the
Himmelberger Lumber Co.; twelve box cars, three flats, one
caboose to St. Louis, El Reno & Western Railway; ten box
cars, twenty cordwood cars to the Valley Railroad; five flat
cars to W. N. Sharp, contractor^ seven tank cars to the
United Zinc & Chemical Co.; eight flats to the Kane & Elk
Railway; two passenger coaches to the Vancouver, West-
minster & Yukon Ry.; one theatrical car to C. E. Beyerle;
two flat cars to the Ohio River & Columbus Railway; one flat
to the Electric Construction Co., Cleveland, 0.; two flats to
Winona & Warsaw Ry. Co.; two locomotives to Callahan
Bros. & Katz, contractors; one passenger
coach to the Illinois Terminal Railway;
two passenger coaches to the Toledo, St.
Louis & Western Railway; one theatrical
car to Mrs. Harry Ward; one coach to
St. Louis & Hannibal Railway; one coach
to Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railway;
one dining car to Chas. H. Gates, mgr.
Gates Tours; one combination car, one
passenger coach to Northwestern R. R.
of South Carolina.

—7Z=?r-

-Adjustable Pipe Stocks and Dies in Use.

can be resharpened, and the stocks are made of a variety
of different lengths for the work required.

The experience of years in the manufacture of threading
tools for both bolt and pipe has demonstrated to the manu-
facturers that a plate made on the principle of the one illus-
trated, at a moderate price, will be appreciated by the me-
chanic who is looking for a serviceable tool.

These plates are made to cut all sizes of pipe from y s to
2 inches inclusive, and the assortments are made in the most
convenient way, some of them not only including the stock
with right hand dies, but left hand dies and taps for each
size in the different assortments are conveniently arranged
in the cases to which we have already referred.

The manufacturers would be pleased to place in the hands

Improved Bushing Pipe Plates

Attention is called to the illustration
given of an improved bushing pipe plate
which is at present being introduced
into the market by the well-known
manufacturers of screw cutting tools, ,

Wells Brothers Company, of Greenfield,
Mass.

The manufacturers claim superiority in the tools illus-
trated, from the fact that the adjustment of the dies is sim-
plified by doing away with screws and bolts, as are used in
a great many plates at present in the market.

Fig. 1 represents the stock used in these plates, the die
being held in same by bevel both on the die and in the
stock itself, while the bushings are held in a guide and can
be changed very readily from one size to another.

The handles are made of pipe, 'so as to get lightness, and
at the same time they are of ample length to give leverage
for the different sizes used in the stock. They are packed
for shipment in elegantly furnished cases, each stock having
a compartment for the dies and bushings used in the assort-
ment for which the box is intended.

Dies are adjustable to overcome variation in fittings; they

Fig. 1 — Stock and Rushing Guides.

of all inquirers a copy of their catalog, giving prices and de-
scription of the goods.

Fig. 2 shows stock, complete, in case.

Reversible Ratchet Wrench

Greene, Tweed & Co., of New York, have placed on the
market a very compact wrench and ratchel drill. This
wrench is particularly well adapted Cor all kinds of work
on account of being able to apply or remove the nut by a
continuous motion. The quI can be screwed down any dis-
tance on account of the bolt passing through a hole in the
top of the die. The mil is encompassed on ail sides and thus
cannot slip or Injure the out, Reverse motion is instantan-
eous by simply turning pawl from rlghl to icfi or vice versa.

6 4

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Reversible Ratchet Wrench.

The handles are of such size that they take from three to
five sizes of bolts. However, these same handles can be
used for drilling by applying a drill head to the handle.

McCord Journal Box

One of the chief objections made by mechanical officials to
the usual designs of patented journal box and lid, is the
matter of inefficient dust guards, and in the" effort to obviate
this difficulty a new complete journal box has been placed
upon the market by McCord & Co., Old Colony building, Chi-

boss is cast which is ground to a plane surface. Flanges
extending for about two-thirds of the height of the box and
%-inch wide are cast on the sides of the box at the rear.
The dust guard itself consists of a grey iron ring turned to
fit the dust guard seat of the axle enclosed and carried by a
malleable iron shell which is held to the back of the box by
springs encased in the hook lugs overlapping the box flanges.
The surface of the dust guard ring next the journal box is
ground to a plane surface. The action of the guard is as
follows:

The springs force the malleable iron shell against the grey
iron ring and the grey iron is in turn forced against the
ground surface of the boss around the rear opening of the
box. The springs are strong enough to carry the, entire
weight of the guard so that no weight rests upon the axle.
The guard is free to move with the axle in any direction. A
machined joint connection is therefore obtained between the
box, the guard and the axle in all positions.

It will be noticed from the illustrations that the surface
of the grey iron ring in contact with the malleable shell is
beveled and that there is a corresponding bevel on the shell.
It is obvious that the grey iron ring can be made in sections
if desired and if so made the beveled surfaces of the malle-
able shell and the grey iron segments coming in contact
under strong pressure tend to force the segments towards
the center of the circle and to take up any wear which might
occur. The advantage of the compensating feature with this
guard, however, is more or less theoretical, as there is so
little wear on the solid guard that in service it would prob-
ably never have to be renewed during the life of the car.
Tests of this guard in passenger and engine tender service
have shown a mileage of upwards of 100,000 miles with less
than 1-64 of an inch wear. The dust guard seat on the axles
used in this test were turned with a rough cut and the tool

Fig. 1 — McCord Journal Box With Outside Dust
Guard.

cago. This device, which is illustrated in the three accom-
panying engravings, is understood to give superior protection
to the journal at the rear of the box as well as the front.
In its design the attempt to make a dust proof and oil-tight
joint between a rough casting and a wood or metal guard
has been, abandoned and the problem solved in the manner
set forth in the following description:

The dust guard slot is cut entirely off from the standard
«ox. Around the opening for the axle in the rear a slight

Fig. 2 — Sectional View, McCord Journal Box.

marks were still visible at the last examination, showing no
wear on the dust guard seat. The mileage so far made dem-
onstrates that the dust guard will undoubtedly last as long
as the ordinary freight car.

Among the advantages claimed for the guard are the fol-
lowing: It consists of fewer parts than any other dust guard,
four pieces forming a complete guard. It is composed en-
tirely of metal and cannot be destroyed by a hot box. It
raises the oil level at the back of the box as high as the
center of the journal, amounting to from 3% to 4 inches.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 3 — Outside Dust Guard for McCord Journal

Box.

The dust guard slot being eliminated the guard cannot be-
come clogged. If the compensating guard is used there is no
possibility of dirt interfering with its action. It gives % of
an inch more clearance between the back of the guard and
the hub of the wheel than exists in the box with the dust
guard slot, this additional clearance eliminating hub wear
on the back of the box.

The same malleable iron shell is interchangeable for either
compensating or solid dust guard ring. If it is ever neces-
sary to apply new wearing rings, they can be made by the

railroad company or purchased at a cost of about five cents
per box. On account of the saving in the weight of the box
proper, the cost of the box complete with this guard is very
little in excess of the ordinary box with wooden dust guard.
The McCord box with the outside dust guard has been
specified on about 5000 cars, among which are 1000 New
York Central & Hudson River R. R. and 100 Denver, North-
western & Pacific now being built.

Automatic Car Ventilator

The accompanying line drawings show a recent invention
for car ventilation. The details of the ventilator are plainly
shown in the drawings.

When the car is%in motion the air striking the extended
double wing is deflected, without a particle of smoke, cinders,
dust, rain or snow, into the forward airway. The slanting-
louvres in the inner end of the airway project the air to the
roof of the car, precluding all draft. The action of the air
on the extended double wing maintains a partial vacuum
behind it which produces a strong suction through the rear
airway. When the direction of the car is changed the action
of the ventilator reverses. The shutter provides perfect con-
trol of the intake of air, but requires no attention, except
that in very cold weather it is partly closed. An entire
change of air in from sixty to ninety secorfds can be made if
desired, and without draft. The ventilators are installed in
the deck sash, ten sets being required for an ordinary coach.
They are made of chilled steel, japanned; and there is no
possibility of their getting out of order.

They have been successfully tested on a number of electric
roads, but our readers will be more especially interested in
the fact that they have the endorsement of the New York
Central, have been specified by the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western for the new dining cars building for them, and have
been adopted by the Central Railroad of New Jersey as stand-
ard on their system. Further information will be furnished
by the Automatic Car Ventilator Company, 39 Cortlandt St.,
New York City.

Verf/co/ 3ide-<5eG?iono/ Y/eiv

Automatic Car Ventilator.

A/rrroy - front - Open

| ]

Side View

Top //cry

Automatic Car Vkntii.a ij»u.

Fro/// //er/

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Taps and Dies

The accompanying illustrations represent some of the
specialties of the Wiley & Russell Manufacturing Company,
Greenfield, Mass. These screw cutting tools, which they
first introduced when the "jam plate" was the only thing in
general use, are now approved and adopted on a large scale.
The work they do is much better, and it is done with far
less difficulty than by the old methods. The adjustable tap
wrenches will be found to be well fitted and serviceable; the
stocks are drop forged and the dies milled out of the best
tool steel, so as to grip the squares of the taps evenly and
firmly.

Figures 1 and 2 show sets of their regular screw plates

divided to show the mechanism. The cup-headed screw on
the left holds the halves firmly together, acting as a hinge,
while the size is regulated by the wedge-shaped (taper-head)

Fig. 6 — Hand Taper Tap.

screw on the right, the whole being damned in the elastic
stock shown in Fig. 3.

For cutting close up to a shoulder, use the face side of die
after starting the thread with the guide side.

The tap wrenches are made thoroughly strong and dur-

Fig. 3 — Patent Elastic Stock.

and dies. There are three tops to each size, taper, plug and
bottoming, instead of one to a size.

Fig. 3 illustrates the elastic stock used with all "Green
River" screw plates. The quality of the "Green River" screw
plate, both as to material and workmanship, is up to the
company's standard, and its simplicity and durability, with
its moderate price, make it particularly attractive. Like the
"Lightning" plate, it does its work at a single cut. The die
is adjustable for wear, and to make bolts or nuts fit tightly
or loosely, as may be desired. The stock used is similar to
the "Lightning" and the taps the same.

The principle of the die will be understood by an examina-
tion of Fig. 4. One of the illustrations of this figure repre-
sents a die and guide complete; the other a die and guide

Fig. 4 — Complete Die and Guide.

steel

able. The stocks are drop forged, the jaws of tool
closely fitted, the handles of best bicycle tubing.

Both handles are firmly fixed, the motion to the jaw being
given by means of the knurled thumb nut through differen-
tial screws.

♦-•-*

The Porteous Injector

The important duty of an injector in the operation of a
boiler and the annoyance consequent upon the failure of
this appliance render it worthy of the greatest care both
in its selection and the condition in which it is kept after
being placed in service. It is necessary that the injector sup-
plies the requisite amount of water to provide for the
evaporation within the boiler, that it can be depended upon

p ia 1— Wiley & Russell Taps and Dies.

p IG 2 — Wiley & Russell Taps and Dies.

Fig. s — Adjustable Wrenches. I

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

to supply tills water and with certainty. To do its maximum
amount of work the injector must be in perfect condition and
must be kept in perfect condition with all passages free.

The Porteous injector is one for which its manufacturers
claim that it is automatic and tnoroughly reliable under
extreme conditions, while retaining the utmost simplicity of
construction. When this injector is working and forcing
the water to the boiler and the current of water is sud-
denly broken by any cause, such as a sudden jar or jolt,
the injector will pick up the water and again establish the
current to the boiler automatically without the least atten-
tion from the engineer.

When this device is being applied it is well to bear in
mind the following suggestions:

First— All the pipes, valves and fittings must be of the full

-~^L

The Porteous Injector.

size to correspond with th.e size of the injector, except when
the water must be drawn from a long distance, then the
ordinary suction pipe should be a size or more larger than
the injector fittings call for.

Second — All the joints and connections must be perfectly
air tight.

Third— A strainer should be fixed on the end of the water
supply pipe to prevent the admission to the injector of for-
eign matter, such as chips, shavings, weeds, etc.

Fourth— A globe valve and check valve is necessary on the
steam supply pipe between the boiler and injector. Between
the injector and the boiler it is also necessary that the
connections should have as few bends as possible and they
should invariably be round.

Fifth— All pipes and connections must be blown out clean.
This is of vital importance, as dust and pipe cuttings cause
nine-tenths of the leakage in new valves.

Sixth— Take steam from the highest point of boiler possible
and never connect with any steam pipe used for any other
purposes.

.Seventh— Repack stem of globe valve, as nine out of ten
leak. Put the ,«;lobe valve near the injector, so thai it slnils
against the supply; thai is, so the water comes up under the
seat. Many people put these on just the reverse. II' water
supply comes from water pressure of over 25 lbs., we advise
a smaller valve and water supply pipe than Injector
couplings; that is, for a one-incli injector use a three-fourths
inch globe valve and water supply pipe Never use ,1 pipe
smaller than the injector connections when water supply is
taken from a lift If more than ten feet, the suction pipe

should be one or two sizes larger, reducing to injector size as
near injector as possible, and have the globe valve the same
size as the large pipe. If you have a long pull in addition
to a very long lift, a pipe two sizes larger is preferable;
this pipe must be tight. When forcing water through a
heater, place a check valve between the heater and the
injector.

Eighth— On a lift of over ten feet, a foot valve on the
lower end of the water supply pipe is a great advantage in
starting the injector and a great saving in steam.

Ninth— Place a check valve at least two feet from the in-
jector if possible, and be sure the valve lifts freely.

Tenth— A short piece of pipe may be screwed into the
overflow, to carry off waste. A long piece interferes with
the vacuum and must not be used on a long lift or draw.
Place a large piece of pipe under overflow as shown in the
cut.

Fleventh— A pet cock or tee with globe valve anywhere
between the check valve "C" and the injector will help very
materially in starting on low steam pressure. Leave open
until the injector is started, then close. This is also con-
venient for draining discharge pipe in winter.

New Barrett Geared Ratchet Lever Jack of 30- Ton
Capacity

The demand for a quick, positive and durable lifting jack,
for handling loaded freight cars, heavy passenger and Pull-
man coaches, etc., has been met by the Duff Manufacturing
Company of Pittsburgh, Pa., in their new Barrett geared
ratchet lever jack of 30 tons lifting capacity.

This jack is designated as the No. 30 Barrett jack, and
has many features which will commend it to those having

Barret 30-T0N Geared Ratchet Lever Jack.

heavy loads to be raised quickly and easily. It is made of
refined malleable iron and steel throughout in a substantial
manner, and is operated in the same manner as the well
known No. 19 Barrett jack. The jack is single acting and
automatic lowering.

The lifting bar or rack is of high grade open hearth steel,
and is raised by a machine cut steel pinion. This pinion is
integral with a large steel gear having ratchet teeth on its
eircumference. The gear is rotated by means of a socket
lexer and pawl, and the retaining pawl together with the
automatic lowering device is the same as is used in the No
10 Barrett single acting automatic lowering jack.

All parts are accessible by removing the shield and gear
cover, the removal or which does not in any way Impair (ho
working of the jack.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

The direction is controlled by an eccentric at the side of
the frame.

The method of rotating the gear by a socket lever and pawl
requires no special care on the part of the operator, as it
is not necessary to pull the socket lever out a short distance
in order to engage the next tooth of the gear. The method
of operation is simply raising and lowering the socket lever,
as in the other sizes of Barrett jacks. •

This new Barrett jack is an improved quick acting jack
for the rapid handling of heavy loads of any character. It
has the simplicity of an ordinary lever jack, the leverage
being especially compounded to permit ease of operation and
quick action. The jack has no complicated features and
canot get out of order.

This jack displaces the slow cumbersome hydraulic jacks,
as it lifts rapidly and easily. It is reliable with no intricate
parts, and is less expensive in first cost and cost of operation.
There are several important features of this new jack covered
by patents.

The Duff Manufacturing Company will make several de-
signs of this geared ratchet lever jack in sizes to meet all
heavy lifting purposes.

stationary, but can be adjusted horizontally to compensate
for wear of board.

By this arrangement of sliding boxes and horizontal mo-
tion, the movable roll advances in lines with the center of

Automatic Friation Board Lift Drop Hammer

The pi'incipal improvement in the hummer here illustrated
consists in a new design of head, or lifter, which is claimed
to be the simplest and most effective yet offered. The ham-
mer can be made to strike either a heavy or light blow, at
the will of the operator; or, by the automatic attachment, a
succession of heavy blows can be given without raising the

Fig. 1 — Drop Hammer Head.

foot. The weight of the ram, the height of the uprights, or
the distance between them can be varied to suit those in-
stalling the machine.

In this new head, or lifter, the brass eccentrics formerly
used have been discarded, and a forged steel cam shaft has
been substituted, which is fixed solidly at both ends into the
head casting, and connected to a wooden rod by a lever forg-
ing. This straight wooden rod entirely prevents any shock
being received by the lifter.

The friction roll shafts are babbitted into sliding boxes.
The front boxes are connected by links to the steel cam
shaft, which, when rotated through a small angle, moves the
front roll in a horizontal direction, to and from the lifting
board attached to the ram. In use, the rear roll boxes are

Fig. 2 — Automatic Friction Board Lift Drop
Hammer.
the opposite fixed roll, which insures the pressure of each
roll against the lifting board, being directly opposite.

Furthermore, in case the friction rolls should not be prop-
erly adjusted, it is impossible for the rod to fall far enough
to allow the cam to pass beyond the center, and thereby
causing the rolls to bind and throw off the belts.

The rolls are a driven fit to the shafts, and keyed to the
same.

The lifting board is fastened in the hammer by means of

Fig. 3 — Drop Hammer Lifting Frame.
wedges, which permit the use of straight boards as received
from planing mill and without further preparation. Further
information may be obtained from the manufacturers, Mer-
rill Bros., Brooklyn, N. Y.

February, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Railroad Paint Shop

Edited by

CHARLES E. COPP j&jS>&

General Foreman Painter B. (8b M. Ry.

Official Orsan of the Master Car and Locomotive Painter*

De-voted to the Interest of
Master Car and
Locomotive Painters

Association.

M. C. & L. P. A. Portrait Gallery

Fred W. Bowers.
Mr. Bowers, who succeeded Mr. Robert McKeon, in charge
of the Kent, Ohio, paint shop of the Erie, was born at Colum-
bus, 0., Sept. 21, 1862, and served his apprenticeship as car
and locomotive painter at the Hocking Valley R. R. shops at
Columbus; and, after a six years' term of service, he left
that company and served in the capacity of journeyman for
the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry., which latter position
he resigned to accept the foremanship at the Connotton Val-
ley (now W. & L. E.) shops at Canton, 0., which he retained
for three years, leaving this road to accept a similar position

Mr. Fred W. Bowers.
on the Valley R. R. (now B. & 0.) at Cleveland, 0., and
stayed there two and one-half years, when he accepted the
foremanship of the Erie R. R. paint shop at Cleveland, 0., be-
ing employed there eleven years, when he was transferred
to the Kent shop to fill the position made vacant by our
worthy secretary, Robert McKeon, he having resigned October
1, 1901, and has been located there since.

He serves as a member on the Board of Education of Kent,
with Bro. McKeon; also lie was re-elected the 11th inst. to
serve as president of the Kent Shops and Round House Relief
Association for the second term.

Mr. Bowers became ;i member of the M. C. & L. P. A. in
1889 at the Chicago convention held thai year, rind is a mem-
ber of the Committee on Informal ion lor the present year.

The Advisory Committee will meet in Pittsburg, Feb. 20.
at the Hotel Lincoln. All railway foreman painters who. can
attend will be welcome.— J. IT. Kahler, Chairman Advisory
Committee.

A Visit to Another Convention

Mr. "Sam" Brown, of the New York & New Haven road,
and the writer, were invited guests at the convention of the
Society of Master House Painters and Decorators of Massa-
chusetts, held at the American House, Boston, January 13-14.
We were very cordially received, being escorted to the plat-
form by Secretary Wall and introduced to the president and
vice-president, and in turn to the assembly, by the president,
and invited to address them, which we did, Brown first —
"age before beauty." It really seemed as though we had
awakened from sleep and dreams to one of our own conven-
tions, as the members were all ablaze in the usual badges.
They rather discount us in many ways, and from them we
might learn some things to our advantage and follow suit.
Though only a state association, and bad winter weather,
there were 140 members in the hall by actual count, and Mr.
Edward Hurst Brown, representing the Painter's Magazine
there, told us that at the National convention, which is to be
held at Toronto next month, there would doubtless be 195
members present from Canada alone. We were invited by
Secretary Wall to give him the addresses of any of our mem-
bers in that vicinity that he might send them invitations to
attend.

The Boston convention had a good program with excellent
papers on several subjects, that upon "Substitutes for Tur-
pentine" in particular, which brought forth much discussion,
in which we were invited to take part, and did so. There is
no doubt in our mind but that there is much material parad-
ing under the name of the pure article that would properly
be labeled "Substitute." We are told that one concern in
Boston receives 1 and distributes the pure product and that
every barrel is tested on the wharf before it is received. If
this product is obtained one gets a good article; but it has
to be paid for. It is about 70 cents per gallon— more than
twice its price of a few years ago. , Now there is much
hypothecated or sophisticated turpentine, or whatever you
may call it, that comes from the Keystone state. We wondu-
if the long-leaf Southern pine abounds in that locality? The
gentleman who presented the paper tested many substitutes
and has promised us an analysis of one we are interested in.
It would certainly be a great boon to the trade and a damper
on trusts and combines if chemistry could come to us with
a good substitute for this important article in the paint shop,
at about half its price. We should divest ourselves of all
prejudice and look into these things candidly and see if
something else will not do equally well. We are informed
that a certain street car system in Massachusetts is using a
substitute with good success and we may try it ourselves to
see what it is like. During the Civil War somehow the rail-
roads North got along without turpentine, because they had
to. We may have to again— from lack of the product on ac-
count of the depletion of the forests, if for nothing else.
There is a book, or rather pamphlet, on this subject, Ilia I
would interest painters generally, and may be obtained by
writing one's own Congressman at Washington, no doubt. It
fs "A New Method of" Turpentine Orcharding," and published
by the Department of Agriculture. It is "Bureau of Forestry
Bulletin No. 40," and by Dr. Ohas. TT. Hertz, 1903, illustrated.

To return to the convention, this society hires a large ban-
quet hall of the hotel people and divides it up into floor
snnce for exhibitors of painting materials, who have some
fine booths, and thus more than $600 Is gathered In to the

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

good of the society's treasury. In another room is another
display of the handicraft of members, in graining, marbling,
etc. Mr. Wall, the secretary, is an expert grainer, having
received first prizes at two Massachusetts State Mechanics
Exhibitions, and also at the World's Fair, Chicago, 1893.

It seems that the M C. &. L. P. A. might copy this last
feature to good advantage. Supposing cars are plain now, let
"the boys" show what they can do if called upon, and paint
some nice scrolls, letters, designs and even pictures, and get
up a good exhibit, with a tool appliance show also. They
have extensive exhibits from supply men at Saratoga; why
not with us on a smaller scale? Many things might be shown
to good intent and advantage to all concerned. We make
the suggestion for what it is worth.

All in all, the convention was a good one and took a large
room for its meetings. A delegation of ladies came in during
the business session and remained through— quite a novelty.
We advise our members to fraternize with these associations
and conventions when convenient as much may be learned
from the house painters. No one knows it all.

The officers have a distinctive, official badge, very hand-
some, bearing the title of each office on a bar at the top.
These are a permanent feature and are passed along to others
as they are elected. What friend of the M. C. & L. P. A. will
get up three badges for president, vice-president and secre-
tary, and present them to the association "for the good of
the order" in the near future? Here's an opportunity. Also,
there's another— badges for past presidents. The M. C. B.
Association past presidents received the latter some years
a S°- _ ^

The Essentials of a Modern Railway Paint Shop

By W. 0. Quest, Master Painter, P. & L. E. R. R. Co.

The twentieth century is truly a wonderful railway age.
As seeming betterments we have the merging of the great
railway financial interests. We have the beneficial influence
of the modern railway club and technical association, zeal-
ously fostered by the progressive railway official. We also
have the especially devoted railway publication, which is the
many tongued voice and beacon light of that Avorld of inter-
ested people. We have the palatial million dollar railway
depot and a worldwide noted, cultured, traveling public, ever
willing to pay for the best railroad comforts and accommo-
dations. To cater to this exacting class of pleasure loving
people, the railway company must ever be on the alert, with
the newest novelties in the way of the fast locomotive and
modern passenger equipment. To take care of this vast
equipment, involves large expenditures of time and money.

In our favorite journal we read accounts of the great mod-
ern railway shop plants that are being erected all over the
country; how the A. B. C. and X. Y. Z. companies are in-
stalling a group of shops as good as brains can devise and
money buy, and in a friendly way are vying with each
other for the supremacy points in completeness. We also
read the valuable opinions and view the photographed details
of the specially designed machinery, illustrating the many
particular fads and kinks of our country's most noted me-
chanical engineers, also of the recognized railway shop ex-
perts, a class of men always seeking and working in the
unexplored territories for progressive knowledge, which,
when found, is usually imparted to the railway reading world
in able mechanical papers.

As a part of these new shop systems comes the advent of
the modernly proportioned, arranged and equipped car and
locomotive paint shop, which, in some long neglected locali-
ties, are hailed as a twentieth century innovation, and as
such, are creating a great deal of interest among the readers
of the car painting fraternity.

The installation of the new era railway paint shop, we
judge to be synonymous with the coming of the almost won-

derfully beautiful passenger equipment of today, which, as a
matter of greatest economy, requires the greatest of care. This
betterment of rolling stock, which is almost general, seems
to have evolved a more liberal paint shop policy, especially
liberal where compared with the almost drastic economy
measures practiced in the past, which, with few exceptions,
were to the effect that the paint shop was a good place to
originate all shop retrenchment, also that some old building
not fit for other use was good enough to convert into a car
paint shop. It is a matter of history that there has existed
a limited class of hard headed, old time shop officials, whose
policy was such as to make one believe they thought a loco-
motive or passenger car should be painted like a fence or
barn, and that a shop with a sky roof was good enough for
the purpose. Modem times seemingly has obliterated all
such characters. The conservative man of today is fully
aware that it takes a dollar to catch a dollar and, as a con-
sequence, the painting and maintaining of railway equip-
ment has been stimulated to the extent, that there is a de-
mand for better paint shops, better materials, better work,
better facilities and appliances, and, last, but not least, that
the foreman of painters be also an up-to-date betterment,
that he may be equal to the demands of modern times and
conditions.

The matter of locating a car paint shop is, in our estima-
tion, one of much moment. It should be so placed as to
obviate all unnecessary handling of unfinished work, from
fact that the practice of transferring passenger cars, which
are undergoing paint repairs, about a shop yard, can be very
readily attended with bad after results, caused by half dried
coatings coming in contact with flying smoke-stack water,
soot, coal and cinder dust, also the greasy, dirty hand of yard
help, or the knock of the careless, or the touch of the inquis-
itive fellow always in evidence about large plants, who will,
regardless of signs, surreptitiously leave his trade-mark in
ascertaining whether or not the applied coatings of paint
and varnish are dry enough to be fool proof.

In grouping the shops, the car building and painting de-
partments should be as close together as possible, from the
fact that there is much of the priming and surfacing work
that can be brought up in building shop, which, if located
at too great distance, involves the expense of much lost time
in having men travel back and forth in the many coating
operations. The location should also be such as to avoid all
unnecessary vibratory motion, such as the running of heavy
machinery, or train service, or other concussive elements
calculated to keep the finer particles of shop dust in circu-
lation, much to the detriment of clean work, especially the
clean applied garnish, which is usually much sought for by
the ambitious foreman, who is delighted when his shop en-
vironments are such as to permit him to produce that beau-
tiful interior polished finish, always so critically admired by
the cultured mind and eye.

THE ESSENTIAL CAPACITY OF A RAILWAY PAINT SHOP

would be, in our estimation, a shop large enough to monthly
accommodate ten per cent of the company's passenger equip-
ment, as a shop of this capacity would permit the entire
equipment to remain in service during the busy passenger
traffic season of mid-summer months, which is a shopping
system that we have been given to understand affords very
satisfactory results to railways having somewhat similar
shopping schedules. In anticipation to the question as to
what we would do with the car painting force during the
unemployed months, we would answer by saying that we
would employ the time and force in rushing the rapidly in-
creasing caboose and freight equipment through the shops
and repair yards. Such systematizing of freight car repairs
would result in having all equipment which is to be repaired
in good condition for the busy fall- and winter freight traffic.

January, 1904

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

As viewed from a car painter's standpoint, the chief advan-
tage of such freight shopping system would be that the best
of results could be expected from both labor and paint ap-
plied out of doors in the good drying weather.

THE NATURAL LIGHT ESSENTIALS OF THE RAILWAY PAINT SHOP,

should be that of a steady volume of natural light radiated
into shop, the amount being equal to if not greater than any
kindred department shop in the group. The light should be
so distributed as to cast as little shadow reflection as pos-
sible, also to shed a uniform light > over the entire interior,
regardless of number of cars standing in shop. A controlled
sunshine should be invited into the building through an
ample skylight, and as much side and end wall glass sections
as would insure at least 60 per cent of glass openings. In
order to shed a low floor line light, all shop window sills
should have a line elevation not to exceed thirty-six inches
above floor line of shop. As a mechanical help to both nat-
ural and electric light radiation, the paint shop interior
should be white coated— white paint for the whole interior
preferred — but, in any event, that the ceiling should invari-
ably be coated with a good honest white lead paint, used to
insure against all flaking up and falling down, a trouble that
inevitably occurs where the water mixed gypsum (sulphate
of lime) or common whitewash (carbonate of lime) coatings
are applied on the usual dressed lumber surface of a modern
shop ceiling, which, we presume, is caused by the alternating
atmospheric changes in heat, cold and moisture, which is
said to cause this class of white coating to lime and disin-
tegrate, especially where used on ceiling.

The essentials of heating and ventilating a railway paint
shop according to requirements, should be so mathematically
adjusted as to conform to interior shop space in such a man-
ner as to prevent these opposite elements from conflicting
with shop cleanliness. A controlled volume of circulated air
should be secured through a series of easily manipulated
ventilator openings located in the ceiling, or other similar
mechanical appliance that will insure a fresh air supply, and
at the same time prevent the generated heat from being car-
ried away from work line of shop. Without question, all
heat should be either generated or discharged at a low floor
line, in order that all moisture resulting from car washing,
etc., will quickly dry up. Piped dry steam and hot water,
the re-circulating system of hot air, for heating the car paint
shop, all have their interested and enthusiastic advocates.
According to the available practical authority, the installation
of the re-circulating system of hot air heating and ventilat- .
ing, the shop should be so constructed as to insure a fifty
to sixty per cent foul air displacement in a given time, as it
is claimed that the constant churning over of foul air of a
paint shop, without taking in at least fifty per cent of fresh
air hourly from outside, will be productive of bad results in
the form of both moisture and a poisonous gaseous air, which
are extremely injurious to both fresh applied paint and var-
nish and to the health of the men compelled to work under
such conditions. There is an inevitable law that all heat
ascends and never descends only when in such volume as to
entirely displace the pure air, showing conclusively that all
heat should be generated as near floor line as possible, which
will, with necessary top ventilation, produce an ideal shop
atmosphere on an old established law which, when put to
the test, usually shows that it is the most practical, and not
the most scientific of heating and ventilating system that is
wanted in the railway car paint shop.

As time and labor saving essentials, regardless of first cost,
the following facility appliances and tools should be installed
in the railway paint shop.

First.— That the entire machinery painting department, re-

gardless of capacity, be equipped with a light, strongly built
stationary, quick adjustable scaffolding, which is, as a shop
convenience and labor saving device, hard to equal, espe-
cially where compared with the old time scaffolding system,
which includes the old cumbersome antiquated trestle and
plank.

Second— That an ample compressed air supply be delivered
at such shop and yard points as will insure greatest labor
economy in its manipulation.

Third.— That the tool equipment includes an up-to-date
pneumatic atomizing paint machine, which on class work,
regardless of all craft prejudice and opposition, is one of the
greatest time and labor saving devices ever introduced into
the railway car and locomotive paint shop.

Fourth.— That the tool equipment includes a modern sand-
blast machine, operated by compressed air, which is a full
two hundred per cent labor saving investment, especially
where compared Avith hand labor cost in cleaning the iron
and steel parts of the locomotive. A labor saving factor
that can also be relied upon in figuring up the future paint
maintenance problem of the modern steel car.

Fifth.— That the railway car painting department be fully
equipped with a modern glass etching, mirroring and em-
bossing plant, to economize and better facilitate the mainte-
nance of the coach lavatory mirror, the acid cut deck light
and silver embossed gothic; also for the etching of the brass
sign and for the cutting out of the shop standard zinc plate
freight car stencil.

ffhe main essentials of a railway paint shop call for a
foreman always on the alert in keeping abreast of mod-
ern times. He should not only be master of his calling, but
of himself, also have the executive ability to control men
under his charge, who, as a rule, soon learn that if the wel-
fare of the shop is to be made a mutual success, they must
respect the authority of their foreman, held for general re-
sults—but who are also quick to discover the weak places
in his character, which if not corrected will soon destroy his
usefulness as a foreman. To fit the requirements of a gen-
eral railway paint shop, the foreman should be ever courte-
ous and never overstep the bounds of reason in his dealing
with his kindred fellow employees, who, perhaps, through not
knowing the extent of his material worries, damage some
unfinished work, which, when done, can never be remedied by
any amount of growling on part of the foreman. He should
be ever ready to consult with his superiors on labor and
material matters, which never should be shrouded in craft
mystery from the fact that there are no trade secrets that
will warrant any such arbitrary action.

As the conclusive essential to paint department's success,
the official management should see that the foreman's posi-
tion is the co-equal of all kindred departments. He should
have full control of his department, hire and dismiss his men
when such action is warranted. If his efficiency will not war-
rant the full confidence of superiors as an executive and
craftsman, another man should be put in his place, but never
over him while acting as foreman. In all instances the official
should see that there is no superficial bossing in the paint
shop by the class of foremen who still cling to the old
antiquated practice, when the opportunity is afforded, to
continue this sort of nagging interference. The painter
should be firmly fixed in his position, which can be done
without the least curtailment in power of the official, who,
if up-to-date, knows he is simply transferring the authority
to where it belongs, thus providing the chief essential—
namely, the recognized brains which operate the Modern
Railway Car and Locomotive Paint Shop.
(To be continued.)

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

February, 1904.

Notes and Comments

Mi: Win. E. Dyer, formerly foreman painter for the C. V.
R. R. at St. Albans, Vt., and later working f or G. W. Lord at
the Fitchburg shops of the B. & M., went to the Lyndonville,
Vt. shop of the B. & M., Jan. 25, as foreman painter, condi-
tioned upon the recovery of Mr. F. C. Steele, who is an in-
valid with little hope of resuming the position again.

"What say you, Mr. Foreman, guilty or not guilty V" Our
associate, "Davy" Little, of Altoona, is foreman of the grand
jury as well as of the Juniata paint shop.

A foreman painter in Maine writes: "Speaking about cold
weather, the 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th of January the thermometer
stood at 20, 22, 20 and 26 below zero respectively." How's
that, you thin-skinned Southerners?

The editor was, Jan. 11th. elected to his fifth term as
President of the B. & M. R R. Relief Association, which was
rather a red-letter day in its nineteen years of history, inas-
much as the President of the road was present and made a
rattling good speech in its indorsement and announced a
donation of $5,000 from the road to its reserve fund, with
more to follow annually. The' Comptroller of the road was
also present and spoke in its favor. It is a voluntary insti-
tution under the management of the employes, among whom
it originated.

The total output from the paint shops of the Boston &
Maine was 178 cars of its passenger equipment for the month
of December. This was only one car less than for the same
month of preceding year. Of this number 14 were burnt off
and four resheathed, 141 were cut in. They are still 106 cars
behind the preceding year for the six months ending Dec. 31.
This "is largely on account of equipping the balance of its
cars with M. C. B. couplers in place of the Miller hook during
the months of October and November. This deficiency will
likely be made up by the end of the next six months-
June 30.

Our associate, John T. McCrackeii, of Wilmington, Del.,
seems to be having more than his share of ill-fortune. Since
resigning his position as Foreman Painter at the Jackson-
Sharpe Co. plant he has lost his wife by sudden death, and
now he has had his paint store burned out which he so
recently established, Ave are informed. Our sincere sympa-
thies go out to him.

The Trunk Line Agreement.— "It is announced that the
trunk lines have renewed for the coming year their agree-
ment, first made in 1902. to refrain from issuing passes to
the officers of other railroads. It is stated that in general
the agreement has proved satisfactory, although it is ad-
mitted that there are some exceptions to the rule." We clip
the above from an exchange and hope that one of those excep-
tions is railroad convention trips. Still, from the same ex-
change, we get the following, which shows that the "frost"
has struck the west as well as the east: "The Pass Agree-
ment. About seventy railroads have adopted the western pass
agreement, which will take effect Jan. 1 next, to regulate and
draw lines closer on the issuance of free transportation. The
object is to prohibit as far as possible annual and trip passes,
and special tickets of all kinds." However, when the time
comes ask' for your transportation to Atlantic City just the
same; a man doesn't get what he doesn't ask for.

We clip the following from an Altoona paper concerning
the discussion of trades unionism at the convention of Master
House Painters and Decorators recently held there: When
business was resumed, Delegate A. Yeager, of Wilkesbarre,
told some yarns apropos of the union differences. The loud-
est laugh was raised by the narration of the episode of the
woman who went to the butcher's to buy a calf's head. "Is
it a union head?" she asked when the meat was exhibited.
"No ma'am," said the butcher, "wait a minute." He went
back to the ice house, returning in three minutes with the
head. "Isn't that the same thing?" asked the woman. "Oh
no," said the butcher, "it's a union head now— it's had the
brains taken out."

In temperature below zero look out for that newly painted
old tin roof of a car that you had shifted out of a warm
shop yesterday before it gets away today. When all the signs
are right, i. e., when the old paint underneath, put on a dozen
or fifteen years ago, has lost its adhesion, the action of the
new paint just put on and the sudden chill and contraction
from a chop at 60 to 70 degrees to an outside temperature
of zero, or below, is bound to so act on that tin as to throw
the paint off, if it has lost its grip. We have recently had
two such cars. But we have the remedy: We whip them
with a hoop iron beater, with a handle wound on it of cloth,
as you would beat a carpet, and the old paint flies off of the
tin like chips. Then the tinsmith looks it over a little with
solder and we apply the roof paint and no further trouble
will be had with that car for another dozen or more years.
But the roof must be whipped while cool — indoors in sum-
mer and outdoors in winter — or it will not fly off readily.

Obituary

The following note, and clipping from an Altoona paper,
came to us from Assistant Foreman Gearhart, of the P. R.
R. paint shops at Altoona, and will be read with sadness by
all, as Mrs. Ball was a well-known attendant at our conven-
tions. The editor of these columns has enjoyed the hospi-
tality of her home. Mr. Ball will have the sympathy of a
wide circle of friends.

Editor Railroad Paint Shop: It is with sincere sorrow that
I send you the enclosed notice of the death of the wife of
our esteemed friend and fellow member, Mr. F. S. Ball. Last
September she attended the Chicago convention with Mr.
Ball. Her health at that time was poor, and has been failing
ever since.

Yours truly,

John T. Gearhart.

Altoona, Jan. 13th.

MRS. LIZETTA BALL.

At 3 o'clock Monday morning, January 11, Mrs. Lizetta
Ball, wife of Foreman Frederick S. Ball, of the car shop paint
department, died ^it her home, 707 Lexington avenue, of can-
cer. She had been ailing for some time. Deceased's maiden
name was Lizetta Greison, and she was born in Philadelphia,
April 29, 1843. On February 5, 1867, she married Mr. Ball
and had since resided in the city. She was a member of St.
Mark's Catholic church, was esteemed in a wide circle of
friends and besides her husband is survived by four sons-
Herman, superintendent of motive power of the Lake Shore
and Michigan Southern railroad, at Cleveland; Frederick.
Edward and William, all of Altoona. She also leaves one
brother, Anthony Greison, of Altoona, and two sisters, Mrs.
F. D. Casanave, and Mrs. Louisa Kime, both of Philadelphia.

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932.1

Supplement to the Railway Master Mechanic
February, 1904

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

ESatabllaaed 1878.

LWAY
MASTER
MECHANIC

Bkuce V. Ckandall, Publisher Charles S. Myers, Manager.
Maham H. Haig, Editor

Office of Publication : Rooms 501 and 502 The Plymouth Bldg.,

305 Dearborn Street.

TELEPHONE: HARRISON 3357.

Eastern Office: Eoom 716, 132 Nassau St., New York City.

Entered at the Post Office in Chicago as Second-Class Matter

A Monthly Railway Journal.

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equip-
ment, shops, machinery and supplies.

Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are
solicited.

Subscription price $1.00 a year, to foreign countries $1.50,
free of postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates
given on application to the office, by mail or in person.

In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Crandall
Company.

Vol. XXVIII. CHICAGO, MARCH, 1904. No. 3'.

WHILE the steel car is proving satisfactory on a
number of roads, and its operation and main-
tenance are largely considered more economical than
the wooden car, still there are certain existing condi-
tions which make the wooden car more of a paying in-
vestment. This is dependent upon the location of the
manufacturing plant and the territory covered by the
purchasing road. For if these be in close proximity
to a good supply of timber, the advantage of location will
reduce the cost of lumber to a. minimum. The situation
of a car building establishment in easy reach of good tim-
ber, reduces the price of timber by eliminating freight
chatges, and in the event of a road covering a territory
which permits its orders to be placed with such a build-
ing plant situated on its line there is no cost of delivery.
A prominent southern road advises us that these and
other conditions affecting the wooden car, together with
the cost and facilities for maintenance, so increase the
earning capacity of a car of this type, as compared to a
steel car, as to enable them to operate the wooden car
20.8 per cent cheaper, when the interest and depreciation
on the additional capital required for a steel car is taken
into consideration.

THE effect upon questions constantly at issue in rail-
road work is so frequently changed by circum-
stances and environment that the standpoint from which
a given subject is viewed is dependent upon different
conditions ; and criticisms offered are naturally dissimi-
lar as they aie prompted by the teachings of experience
which vary more or less according to surroundings. For
this reason we wish to induce discussions through our
columns in order to bring out the important features of
the several sides of questions. Following the presenta-
tion of a subject we are sometimes told by our visitors
or correspondents that the practice we advocate is prov-

ing quite successful and is identical with the lines along
-which they are working, while others advance objections
that the same course is not suitable to their conditions
and others again suggest modifications of different prac-
tices.

We like to see experiences exchanged and therefore
advocate discussions. We feel that an- editorial or com-
munication which excites discussion is productive of good
results, as it induces an exchange of views among men
who have given a subject deep consideration by whose
experience others may benefit.

In this connection the railroad clubs might be consist-
ently reminded of the benefit of critical discussion. We
know men who have been disappointed at the reception
of papers presented, not because of any lack of appre-
ciation of their efforts or of the value of their papers, but
because of the seeming lack of interest in the subject
through absence of discussion followed by accepting the
ceremonious disposition of the paper. When presenting
a paper it is not uncommon for the author to prepare to
meet arguments which may arise during the considera-
tion of the subject matter, by bringing with him data and
statistics with which to convince those who may take
exception to his statements or may not agree with theo-
ries advanced. Furthermore the treatise of a subject not
in accordance with generally accepted practice, yet based
on practical demonstration, is valuable in drawing forth
criticisms and suggestions for further research.

It is of course impossible to treat all papers alike, yet
a critical discussion and the presentation of the same sub-
ject from several vantage points, will seldom fail to bring
out more than the original paper contained and add mate-
rially to the information gathered. Mr. Forney once ap-
propriately compared a railroad club meeting to the action
of flues upon each other while in a rattler; discussion
removing the scale, and contact brightening the minds.

IT is sometimes the way of a master mechanic when
entering upon new duties, to disregard the methods
by which his predecessor met existing conditions and
substitute new directions which served for the exigencies
to which he had previously been accustomed. The pecu-
liarities of different roads, and those of the several divi-
sions of the same road, are so unlike as to render such a
custom impractical. From the very fact of his having
observed local conditions and studied results, a man who
has been in .charge of a division for a number of years is,
perforce, in a better position to judge its requirements
than one who is assuming new duties. Therefore, rather
than disregarding previous practices and discouraging
attention along certain lines which have been previously
watched with much care, would it -not be safer to follow
carefully in the footsteps of one's predecessor and con-
tinue his methods until we become familiar with existing
peculiarities, gradually changing instructions which we
see fail to meet conditions and continue those which are
proving satisfactory?

We know of a division on which a master mechanic
followed fine troubles so closely as to make engine fail-

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

ures from this cause almost unknown, having gradually
reached this condition in spite of the fact that engine
failures had been previously a serious trouble. Upon his
removal by promotion to another position, engine failures
on his old division suddenly increased and it was found
that his successor had lost no time in introducing his
own system of management with but little regard for the
past practice of this division.

It is not unusual that the personal influence and close
attention of a master mechanic, or superintendent of mo-
tive power, are responsible
for the success of a given
division in overcoming
small defects which when
permitted to continue cause
much trouble and expense,
such as leaky flues, oil
wastes, steam leaks, frame
breakages, recording fail-
ures of parts thus evidenc-
ing weak points which
might be improved by re-
design, etc., etc.

It is also good policy for
him in assuming new duties
and authority over a new
set of men to show consid-
eration and respect for the
custom and method which
they have in practice. By
so doing he will win their
regard and confidence and
find that they will more-
readily accept his new
methods and' conform to
such changes as he may
introduce.

them. The road which is giving the public the very
best service possible for the money is certainly to be
commended, but the railroad which spends its money
in looking after the comfort of its employees is to be
even more highly commended, and while it is often
looked at as somewhat of a matter of charity, the fact
is that it is fast becoming recognized that for the rail-
road to treat its employees in the best possible man-
ner is good sound business policy, and the company
who spends a few thousand dollars in looking after

the comforts of its men is
going to be repaid many

Mr. William H. Bancroft.

GENERAL MANAGER OF THE UNION PACIFIC R. R.

THE Chicago, Burling-
ton & Quincy Rail-
way' has recently opened a
new rest house for engi-
neers and firemen in Chi-
cago. The company owns
the ground and building
and will maintain it solely
for the benefit of the men who do not live in the city
and who are waiting for their return trips. The house
is fitted out with large reading room, bath room, lock-
ers, dormitory, etc. The company pays all expenses
of the maintenance and the men make this house their
ftome when in Chicago. This goes to show that the
railroads are not only continually offering better serv-
ice to the public, but are each year taking more
thought for the comfort of their employees. Many
of the railroads are contributing either wholly or in
part toward expenses of various Y. M. C. A. buildings
and reading rooms along their lines, and some of the
roads have adopted the pension system, which is such
a decided advantage to the employees who stay with

Mr. Bancroft was born at Newberg, O., on October 20,
1840, and began his railway career in April, 1S56, as tele-
graph operator and ticket clerk on the Michigan Southern
Railway. He has been connected with the Erie, Santa Fe,
M. K. &.T., D. & R. G., and other roads and is one of those
who has risen from the ranks to the top of ,the ladder. For
the past seven years he has been vice-president and gen-
eral manager of the Oregon Short I-iine, which position he
left a few weeks ago to take up his new duties as general
manager of the Union Pacific.'

times over by more effi-
cient and better service.

COMMENTING upon
the adoption of the
pension system by the At-
lantic Coast Line as a
means of providing for
superannuated employes,
the Atlanta Constitution
devotes an extended edi-
torial to "The Right Kind
of Paternalism" and com-
mends the principle in-
volved as not only humane
but one which tends to in-
duce a better understand-
ing between capital and the
wage earner. While the
pension system has been
already instituted on sev-
eral railway systems and
its consideration is there-
fore no new feature, we
deem the broad-minded
view of the "Constitution"
worthy of repetition and
here present some of its
words: "* * * * No
doubt within a few years
the corporation pension
system will have become
quite a matter-of-fact in-
stitution in the United
States. Already the plan is in successful operation in
several branches of industry, and the result is beneficent
in more ways than one. Men who believe the system of
individualism which supports the great material fabric
of our modern civilization is absolutely essential to con-
tinued progress, are not blind to the justice of the con-
tentions of the collectivists in some phases of the social
question. They recognize the fact that a wage-earner
who must necessarily exhaust his annual income in the
proper support and education of his family is in sorry
shape to meet the burdens of advanced age. * * * *
WTien capital recognizes the true inwardness of the labor
question — what is implied in the 'Master and Man' hypo-
thesis of Tolstoi — there will be an end of class wars and
strikes. * *'* *"

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Shop Improvements of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway

at West Milwaukee

(Continued from page 47.)

HE improvements of the machine and erect-
ing shop comprise the addition of a two-
story structure 154 ft. in extent. The side
of the first floor adjacent to the transfer pit
has been supplied with seven new pits, mak-
ing a continuation of the pit system existing
in the old shop and a total number of 26.
This structure, in common with all the new
buildings, has brick walls, steel roof truss-
ing and is roofed with slate. The walls and ' cohimns
and deck members for the upper floor are exceptionally
heavy, as the second floor is being equipped with ma-

and pits, a supply car track also running through this
central bay which connects with a cross track at the
center of the shop. Four of the largest machines, driven
with individual motors, are located in the central bay,
at the end of the old section of the shop. One of these
is a new frame slotter, which has been equipped with
a balance wheel to take the crest of the load otherwise
thrown on the motor at the moment, of head reversals,
particularly at the lower point of the stroke. Another
of these machines is a specially built tire lathe, which is
the largest that has come to our notice and which Ave
illustrate herewith. This machine is built in massive

Fjg. 1 — Flanging Furnace, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

chine tools of capacity for all but the very heaviest
character of work. The two rows of columns divide
both the new and old departments into two bays. The
erecting pits extend into the center bay, and two vertical
traveling cranes are thus enabled to serve the machines

proportions and soon after its installation a number of
tool men were invited to compete thereon. One result
of the trial was the substitution of a 20 horse power
1110(01- for the original one of 15 horse power. We have
been favored with the results of two of these tests which

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

we reproduce herewith and it is but fair to say that
the work here shown is being fulfilled as an every-day
matter.

Tests of 100-in. Wheel Lathe.
Cutting- speed i2 l / 2 ft. per minute

Size of motor. 20 h. p. 220 volts.

Speed , 600 to 850 R. P. M.

Kind of tool steel Novo on right ; Zenith on left.

Cut >2-in. deep ; 5-32-in. feed.

Total average h. p. required 15.5

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

H. p. required to operate lathe ., 3.4

H. p. required by the two cutting- tools. 12. 1 Work

Note — Zenith tool in Ai condition after cutting acios-s Speed

the tire; Novo steel tool in fair condition. Tools.

Cutting Speed i8>4 ft. Per Minute.

Pair of 84-in. Blind Tires.

18^2 ft. per minute.

Novo Steel on right ; Zenith steel on left.

?5 1

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wi$aoK\

fill

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RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

Average cut 5-16 in. deep ; 3-16 in. feed.

Average h. p. required . 16.5

Maximum h. p. at hard places 22.5

Zenith tool cut across the tire and was in good condi-
tion; Novo Tool gave out after cutting i]/ 2 in., 2d tool
gave out after cutting 4 in. Right tire was finished with
Zenith tool just as it came from the left hand tire.
Time of cutting across tire 1 hour and 3 min.

Fig. 6 — Sheet Rolls Driven by Individual Motor
C, M. & St. P. Ry.
The entire upper floor of the new section is equipped
with machine tools, so that while increasing the erect*-
ing department by seven pits, the machine shop has re-
ceived three times such increase in capacity, or even
more, as the wheel and axle work for engine trucks
and tenders is being removed from the machine shop
and -placed in the lower floor of the new addition to the
tank shop across the transfer table. The upper floor of
the new addition is served with two elevators, one elec-
tric located in the center of the floor, and one hydraulic,
for heavy material, located outside the
building at the corner, as indicated in
Fig. 4. The list of new machine tools
being installed in this shop and in the
lower floor of the tank shop addition
mentioned, is as follows:

1 84 x 84 ins. x 14 ft. Pond cylinder
planer.

2 Foote, Burte & Co.'s No. 4 Four
spindle drill presses.

1 48 x 48 ins. x 16 ft. Putnam planer.

1 Three spindle Foote-Burt locomo-
tive frame drill.

t Bement & Miles three bar cylinder
boring machine.

1 42 ins. Pond steel tire car wheel
lathe. To be put in tank shop.

1 25 ins. x 10 ft. Bullard engine
lathe.

2 25 ins. x 14 ft, Bullard engine
lathes.

1 Whiting Fdy. & Equipt. Co.'s walk-
ing jib crane. ■

2 37-in. Bullard double head vertical boring and turn-
ing mills.

1 No. 2 Kearney & Trecker universal milling machine.

1 No. i^-in. Acme triple head bolt cutter. Talked
of going in tank shop.

1 15-in. Swing, 6- ft. bed Putnam back geared lathe.

2 20-in. Barnes upright drills.

1 Hendey-Norton 24-in. swing, 10-ft. bed lathe.

1 24 x 24 ins. x 6 ft. Gray planer.

2 34-in. Barnes upright drill presses.
1 42-in. Barnes upright drill press.
1 42-in. Barnes upright drill.
1 26-in. Barnes upright drill press.
1 76-in. Bullard double head vertical

boring and turning mill.

1 300-ton Schaffer car wheel press.
Going in tank shop.

1 Schumacher & Boye 36-in. swing,
heavy pattern engine lathe, 14-ft. bed
with taper attachment.

I 30-in. 10-ft. bed back geared Schu-
macher & Boye engine lathe.

1 3 1 -in. 20-ft. bed back geared Schu-
macher & Boye engine lathe.
1 30-in. 12-ft. bed back geared Schumacher & Boye
engine lathe.

1 14-in. stroke Niles single head slotter.

3 18-in. 8- ft. bed Hendey-Norton lathes.
3 20— in. 8-ft. bed Hendey-Norton lathes.

2 15-in. swing 6- ft. bed back geared Putnam lathes.
1 15-in. swing 6- ft. bed back geared Putnam lathe.
1 No. 2 American turret lathe.
1 Dresses 5 ft, arm full universal radial drill.
1 Foote-Burt No. 2 four spindle multiple drill press.

Fig. 7 — Showing Arrangement of Motor Drive for
Group of Machine Tools, C., M. & St. P. Ry.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

1 style "F" Yankee wet tool grinder.

2 14-in. Gouild & Eberhardt single geared crank
shapers.

1 60-in. Bullard boring and turning mill.

1 30-in. Bullard vertical turret head boring mill.

2 30 x 30 ins. x 8 ft. single head Putnam planers.

2 48-in. Safety Emery Wheel Co. wet tool grinders.
4 No. 5 Safety Emery Wheel Co. wet tool grinders.
1 Safety Emery Wheel Co. open side surface planer.
1 26 x 36 ins. x 12 ft. Ingersoll slab milling machine.

1 No. 1 Harrington four spindle multiple drill. Go-
ing in boiler shop.

2 Cincinnati 18-in. double head traverse shapers.
1 No. 9 Bement & Miles vertical milling machine.
1 Niles 24-in. single head slotter.

1 Bement & Miles two spindle rod boring machine. !
1 18-in. stroke Bement & Miles single head slotting
machine.

3 37-in. Bullard double head vertical boring mills.
1 42 x 42 ins. x 10 ft. Pond planer.

I Bement & Miles two spindle horizontal boring
machine.

1 2,y 2 -in. Acme double head bolt cutter.

2 36 x 36 ins. x 10 ft. Pond double head planers.

In addition to these it is intended to order another
tool grinder, three bolt centerers, a 16 ins. back geared
friction head monitor lathe, a 10-ton hydraulic press,
and a 35 ft. 10- ton hydraulic press. All the machine
tools are group driven in units of 30 h. p. electric motor
located overhead. The motors are supplied with excep-
tionally wide bearings and pulley faces. A few of the
very largest tools are individually driven with motors of
a size adapted to the particular machine. Before leav-
ing the machine shop it may be remarked that driver'
removals and replacements are carried on by use of an
electricially operated drop table, and as the stripping is
done at the same time, lye vats are located in the apart-
ment which encloses the table.

JM ^\

*»->

Fig. 9 — Heavy ioo-Incti Wheel Latiii<:, C, M. & St. I'. Rv.

Fig. 8 — Individual Motor Drive Applied to Plate
Punch, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

To the boiler shop end of the building constituting tank
and boiler shops has been added ,a wing at right angles
to the main building. This is a high single story struc-
ture. At this end of the building a new riveting plant
has been installed in the corner opposite the new addi-
tion. The old machinery has been rearranged, and a
number of new machines added. Many of the new ma-
chines are driven by individual electric motors. A very
satisfactory furnace installed in the new wing is illus-
trated herewith by a line drawing. In this illustration
will be observed a series of openings under the hearth in
front. These are closed with loose brick and mud nor-
mally, but when working the sheet the amount of heat
delivered at any portion of the sheet is controllable by
the removal of these loose bricks, and thus allowing a
cooling current of air to play over any portion of the
sheet.

The new machinery in this shop in-
cludes the following :

1 Scully 40 - in. throat automatic
punch.

1 set of Niles 12-ft. bending rolls.
1 R. D. Wood & Co. 17-ft. gap triple
riveter.

1 R. D. Wood & Co. 12 ins. x 15 ft.
hydraulic accumulator.

1 duplex steam pump 20 x 4^ x 15
ins.

1 R. D. Wood & Co. 10-in. gap, 50-
ton mud ring riveter.

T Pawling & Harnischfeger 25-ton
25-ft. span electric tower crane.
T No. iT.aird stay bolt cutter.
1 Wangler rotary bevel shears.
t Baird 80-in. throat tank riveter.
t No. 2 Hilles & Jones horizontal
punch.

t No. 4 Hilles & Jones single punch.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

1 Foote, Burt & Co. six spindle boiler shop drill.

1 Scully rotary splitting shears.

1 36-in. Scully single punch.

A new two-story structure 80 ft. by 154 ft. has been
built at the opposite end of this building. The second
story of this addition is to be used for incidental depart-
ments and the following machines have been added for
the copper and tin shop :

1 II I I£h JuHHhII

1 ' 1 ' 1 Ri "Li! !■ Stan

■ 1

M| B^ 1«U IOPV l Oft

;

-- ». gMpV^KEQB ■§

> <

Fig: 12 — 76-lNCH Boring Mill, Bullard Machine
Tool Co., in Service at C, M. & St. P. Ry. Shops.

1 No. 2 P. D. Q. C. pipe threading machine.

1 No. 2 Hill, Clarke & Co.'s 20-in. improved friction

Fig. 10 — Bement-Miles 3-Spindle Boring Machine drill press.

1 Niagara No. 4 sheet iron folder.

at C, M. & St. P. Ry. Shops.

y-r-r-h-r- r

Fig. ii— Plan of Boiler Shop, C, M. & St. P. Ry.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

1 Niagara No. 644 gap power shears.

1 D. Saunders' Sons No. 7 standard pipe threading
and cutting off machine.

The blacksmith shop has been extended by continuing
the present single story building 200 ft. The equip-
ment for this shop is generous, as the work therein in-
cludes the manufacture of axles, frames, etc., from scrap
material and rolls small sizes of bar iron for bolts.
The serving tracks of the old section have been extended
to serve the new extension. The following include the
new equipment for this shop :

1 100-lb. Bradley rubber cushion Helve hammer.

1 6,000-lb. Chambersburg double frame steam ham-
mer.

1 2-in. Ajax bolt heading, upsetting and forging
machine.

1 No. 1 y 2 -'m. Higley cold saw.

1 No. 3 Higley automatic grinder.

2 Safety Emery Wheel Co. No. 5 wet tool grinders.
1 1,600-lb. Bement & Miles single frame steam

hammer.

1 3,000-lb. Bement & Miles double frame steam
hammer.

1 No. 5 Hilles & Jones double punch and shears.

The transfer pit has been extended to serve the addi-
tions to the machine and boiler shops. Further contem-
plated improvements include a three-quarter circle round
house with modern coal and cinder handling plants, a
scrap bin 50 by 600 ft., a pattern storage building 60 by
150 ft. and a frog shop 80 by 200 ft. for the engineering
department.

Piping For Hydraulic Machinery

By Frank B. Kleinans

THE arrangement of piping is one of the most im-
portant features of the installation of hydraulic
machinery. Upon it depends much of the success of the
machines installed. Where the accumulator and pumping
plant are located some distance from the machines being
operated, care should be taken to avoid undue drop in
pressure resulting from friction of the surface of the
pipes and elbows. Instances have been known where
the pipes were of the proper size and located to good
advantage and yet the valves were too small to> permit
the free flow of water. The presence of a valve whose
diameter is too small causes a slow operation of the
machine, as the flow of water is throttled and its move-
ment is therefore sluggish resulting in a correspondingly
slow movement of the press table or riveting machine.
As an illustration of the movement of hydraulic ma-
chinery, let us take a case of an hydraulic flanging press
with a ram 36 inches in diameter. The average stroke
of a machine of this capacity is 36 inches and we will
assume it to be supplied by a 2]/ 2 -inch valve. In this
connection we are first to determine the velocity of the
flow of water and then obtain the time which will be
required to move the table through a distance of 36.
inches. By the usual formula for the velocity of water
in feet per second flowing within a pipe and neglecting
friction losses.

V = V 2 GH where

V = velocity and
H = head in feet

The weight of a foot of water one inch in area is equal
to .433, hence
H is equal to P

where I' = pressure per square inch

•433

therefore

V = V2GP

•433

I2.I82VP

Assuming a pressure of 1,500 pounds per square inch, a
figure not uncommon in hydraulic work, we will have
V = 12. 182 V 1500 = 470 feet per second
From a number of experiments in frictional losses at
this pressure under the ordinary conditions of piping, the
actual flow has been found to be less than that given by
the formula, 70 per cent being taken as the- average
efficiency.

The volume of water required for the ram equals the
velocity of the flow times the internal diameter of the
pipe times the number of seconds required to fill the
cylinder. Our figures will therefore give
1016 x 36 = 470 x 2.4 x N from which
N = 1016 x 36

— 33 seconds, and as the actual flow is

470 x 2.4
70 per cent of the figure just determined, we have a
N
— = 47 seconds, which is the actual time required to

■7

move the ram through a stroke of 36 inches. In many
cases of actual practice this would be slow. Recourse
should then be made to the use of larger pipes and
valves. Therefore, by increasing the diameter of the
supply pipes and valves connected therewith, any re-
quired speed may be had within reasonable limits. The
velocity in any given case may be determined in a manner
similar to that which has just been explained, from
which the most desirable size of valves may be decided
upon.

Machines of the inverted cylinder type have drawback
cylinders for returning the ram, and in arranging the
pipe connections to the two cylinders instances have been
known of very annoying results being caused by dis-
crepancies in the pipe connections. We here call atten-
tion to an incident resulting from connecting the draw-
back cylinder to the main supply pipe by a right-angle T.
As there is no resistance to the motion of the ram dur-

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

ing a portion of the stroke the water passes into the
main cylinder very rapidly until the ram reaches a point
at which it is called upon to exert a certain amount of
power. During this rapid flow of water through the
supply pipe into the main cylinder, the force of the flow
passing the T connection induces the water from the
drawback cylinder and consequently reduces the pressure
therein. In the case in view the weight of the ram was
such as to overcome the reduced pressure in the draw-
back cylinder and it fell upon the work, where it rested,
exerting no more pressure than that of its own weight,
until the main cylinder became entirely filled with water
and the force of the machine was exerted. The sudden-
ness and uncertainty of such a performance on the part
of the ram renders it very annoying in accomplishing
satisfactory work and to alleviate this difficulty the better
plan is to run the direct line of pipes to the drawback
cylinder and arrange a branch to supply the main cylin-
der.

It is not uncommon to hear more or less "hammering"
within the piping connected to- hydraulic machinery.
This may be attributed invariably to one of two things :
First, the sudden check of a volume of water flowing at
high speed, is invariably accompanied by a sudden jerk
or "thug," and if no provision is made to take care of this
thrust, the hammering is likely to> occur ; second, as the
drawback cylinders are proportioned for speed rather
than for the mere return of the ram, it is usual to have a
high velocity of water in the discharge pipes when the
ram reaches. the end of its stroke. It is, of course, sud-
denly brought to a stop. The water in the discharge
pipe, however, continues to' flow for a short time, creat-
ing a vacuum behind it. When this water has lost its
energy it is forced toward the machine by the pressure
of the atmosphere, and the vacuum just caused is filled
with water whose return is at a high velocity and whose
instant checking will naturally result in a blow. This
objection can be easily overcome by connecting a vertical
pipe several feet long and having a cap at its upper end,
with the discharge pipe, so that the air therein will act as
a cushion for the water upon its return.

In view of the repairs which have been necessitated
on hydraulic accumulators, hoists, etc., by water being
frozen within the cylinders, ample provision should al-
ways be made for draining them. To accomplish this
end holes should be drilled through the wall of the cylin-
der and tapped to accommodate a plug *4 or H of an inch
in diameter. These holes, which practically take the place
of drainage cocks, should be located at the highest and
lowest points in the cylinder, the former is to admit air,
while the latter drains the cylinder of water. When
starting the machine the upper plug should be removed
until the cylinder is filled with water, thus insuring
against a cushion within the cylinder.

With the hydraulic hoist the presence of an air cushion
causes a vibration of the piston and hook during their
travel so that a load can not be lifted carefully and with
perfect safety. By an arrangement such as that just de-

scribed the air present in the cylinder may be released
Upon the admission of water and the motion of the hook
will be perfectly steady.

Inside Braces for Flat Bottom Gondola Cars

THE accompanying line drawings illustrate a type
of inside brace, to be used for staying the sides
of flat bottom gondola cars. Where such cars are.
used in transporting logs, it has been observed that
the workmen are in the habit of breaking or cutting
out tie rods supporting the sides of the boxes, and as
a result of this practice the sides sag to such an ex-
tent as to interfere with obstructions along the road.
In order to overcome this difficulty, the Chesapeake
& Ohio railway has designed the braces here repre-
sented, in order to so brace the sides of the cars as

Inside 'Braces for Flat Bottom Gondola Cars.

to hold them rigidly, and at the same time offer no
obstruction in loading the cars. A glance at the wedge
shape form in the design would lead one to believe
that the heavy logs jamming together would have a
tendency to break the braces in the fillet; however,
no difficulty has been encountered with this point, and
the braces are giving good satisfaction. Three braces
of this type are applied per side on forty-ton cars, and
two are applied per side on twenty-five or thirty-ton
capacity. They are of malleable iron.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Ventilating System in Blacksmith Shop, Northern Pacific Railway

ESPECIAL interest attaches to the ventilating
system recently installed in the blacksmith shop
of the Brainerd (Minn.) plant of the Northern Pacific
Railway, because of the difficulty which has been ex-
perienced in keeping this building free from smoke
and gases. No trouble existed during the summer
months when the doors and windows could be kept
open, but during the extreme cold winters in that sec-
tion of the country it is necessary to keep the building
carefully closed to provide for the comfort of the men
at work; and under such conditions the accumulation
of gases in this building became a serious objection.
The shop is equipped with the usual machines and ap-
pliances for all classes of railway forging, and, being
located at the principal shops of the company, is oper-
ated to its full capacity throughout the year. The two
steam generating scrap furnaces serving two larere

forges and furnaces, an exhaust fan to draw the
smoke and gases away from the fires and deliver
them through a stack beyond the building, a hood
over each fire to direct the smoke and gases into the
exhaust ducts, and two systems of pipes, or ducts,
to conduct the blast and dispose of the exhaust gases.
The accompanying plan drawing shows the general
layout of the system, together with the courses of
tht blast and exhaust ducts. In designing the sys-
tem it was endeavored to locate the fans as nearly
central as convenient in the attempt to make the vari-
ous branches as near the same length as possible. The
exhaust duct serving the north end of the shop is 60
by 36 inches, of brick construction near the fan, taper-
ing to 30 by 36 inches, and beyond the brick work it
consist of 30-inch tile, which varies in diameter to
8 inches at the last foree. Branches of 10-inch tile

bS-ca ■ 7 ~ Jo-~?i7f<£j7 7f?e

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il^sSSBft^i

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General Layout of Down Draft System, Forges, Etc., in Blacksmith Shop of N. P. Ry.

at Brainerd, Minn.

hammers have been the source of the greatest annoy-
ance. A 9-inch blast pipe supplies each fire, and when
full pressure has been applied large volumes of smoke
and gases have previously escaped into the shop.

After making several attempts to remove the objec-
tionable gases resulting from the furnaces and forges
the down draft system was finally installed, and this
method has given very gratifying results. This sys-
tem employs a blower to supply blast to the several

lead from the main duct to the several forges. It
was found necessary to run the exhaust line for the
south end of the shop on the outside of the building,
as it was impossible to pass the duct between the
foundations of the scrap furnaces and the foundation
of the wall. It was also equally impossible to pass the
duct between the foundations of the furnaces and the
foundations of the hammers shown in the plan near
the furnaces, on account of the jar from the hammers.

I 4 1 teFiMdii

Forges in Blacksmith Shop Equipped with Down
Draft Hoods, N. P. Ry., Brainerd. Minn.

Forges Equipped with Down Draft Hoods, Brainerd,
Minn., Blacksmith Shop, N. P. Ry.

LWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

The exhaust duct to the south end is of brick construc-
tion near the fan, 30 by 28 inches, continuing in 30-
inch tile, being finally reduced in cross section to ac-
commodate the forges. Each scrap furnace is supplied
with two 10-inch branch pipes and one 6-inch branch
pipe to cover the leakage at doors. In arranging the
course of the ducts it was necessary to so locate
them as to avoid various sewer, water and gas con-
nections. On account of its extreme distance from
the exhaust fan, forge No. 39 was provided with a
special connection. It was deemed advisable to

Etevot/on of 5 '/Tounaf Fo/ge

Connections to Round Forge at Brainerd, Minn.,

Shop of N. P. Ry.
carry a 9-inch exhaust line up to the forge and
connect by an 8-inch "Y" to the hood, capping over
the end of the "Y" with a 9-inch cap, as shown in
accompanying drawing. This overcomes the addi-
tional friction on this exhaust line and tends to equal-
ize the draft for the other forges which are located
nearer the fan. It will also be noted that on the ex-
haust line various manholes are distributed through-
out its length. These holes at all times give access
to the exhaust duct and allow them to be cleaned of
cinders which might accumulate therein.

The main blast duct is of 12-inch tile, tapering as
it approaches the end of the line. From this branches

/food

E /ever// on of 0// Furnace
Showing Exhaust and Blast Connections to Oil
Furnace in N. P. Ry. Shops, Brainerd, Minn.

are led to the various forges and furnaces as shown in
the drawing, the diameter of pipe to each forge being

4 inches.

The forges and furnaces in use before the installa-
tion of the system were continued in service. The

square forges are of cast iron construction and the
round forges of the ordinary steel cylinder type filled
in with clay. No changes were made thereon, with the
exception of the addition of the hood shown in the ac-
companying illustration, and all telescoping hoods
previously leading to the roof were dispensed with.

The ventilating system was designed by the Buffalo
Forge Company, of Buffalo, N. Y., who furnished the
fans, counter-shaft and the various draft hoods. The

Square Forge at Brainerd, Minn., Shops of N. P.
. Ry., Showing Connections for Down
Draft System.

hoods furnished to the forges were their standard patented
construction cast iron, each hood being furnished with
10-inch exhaust line. The tuyeres on the forges are
fthe ordinary pipe tuyeres. The hoods for the various
furnaces are of sheet steel construction and the ele-
vation of the oil furnaces presented in the accompany-
ing line drawings shows the details of construction.
It will be seen that the hood is what might be termed
a double hood ; the larger outside hood has false plates
within, which intensify the draft around the outer
edge of the hood, preventing the smoke and gases
escaping outside of its confines.

9"Cop

Q'^Benc/

: -8"Y8ra/7c/?

E3D

Exhaust Connect /on for forse Ato. 39

Connection to Forge Furthest Removed from Fan,
Brainerd, Minn., Shops, N. P. Ry.

All the hoods for the forges are identical to the il-
lustration presented, with the exception of the central
5-foot round forge No. i. This forge is used as a
"frame" forge, requiring special height from the top of
the forge to the underside shank of the hood, and at

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fans and Electric Motor Driving Counter Shaft
in Brainerd, Minn., Blacksmith Shop, N. P. Ry.

times it is desired to have the entire height above the
forge, consequently the hood was arranged to "break"
and swing at the level of the forge, a damper being
provided in the exhaust connection which could be
closed, preventing ashes and coal from falling into the
exhaust line. Of course the down draft cannot be
used on the forge when the hood is swung back, but it
is seldom that this is necessary.

Forges Equipped with Down Draft Hood, N. P. Ry.,
Brainerd, Minn.

The blower and exhausters are driven by a two-
phase motor, power being furnished from the main
power station.

The building is heated by a hot air blast system,
steam being furnished from two locomotive type boil-
ers and the blast pipes run along the walls near the
eaves.

The supply of air for the heating system is drawn

Scrap Furnace

Scrap Furnace in Brainerd Blacksmith Shop, N. P.
Connections to Cover Smoke Escaping from

The blower furnishing the blast is a No. 11^
Buffalo steel pressure blower running at 1,700 revolu-
tions. The exhaust fan which handles the smoke and
gases is a no-inch Buffalo steel plate fan having blast
wheel 78 inches in diameter, wheel overhung from the
shaft. This fan runs at 425 revolutions.

Ry., Showing
Doors.

Buffalo Down Draft Hood Applied to
Old Forges in Brainerd, Minn.,
Blacksmith Shop of
N. P. Ry,

from the outside, thus materially assisting the ventila-
tion of the buildings. The entire work of remodeling
this shop was accomplished without the necessity of shut-
ting down or stopping work in the shop, the work being
done under the supervision of the Buffalo Forge Com-
pany's superintendent.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

Renewal of the Car Department at the Portsmouth Shops—Sea-
board Air Line Railway

HE Seaboard Air Line Railway operates
2,610.97 miles of road in the South Atlantic
states and Alabama, owning 308 locomo-
tives, 277 passenger cars and 10,117 freight
and miscellaneous cars. " In May last the
car department of the principal shops, lo-
cated at Portsmouth, Va., was entirely
wiped out by fire. The general lay-out of
the shop is shown by Figure 1, and the
section burned may.be readily seen by locating an im-
aginary line between the check house and the office

cars were placed thereon; by that night forty-four of
these cars had been repaired and were again placed in
service. Of course, however, the work done during
that day constituted light repairs. Besides the old
coach, shop, mill, storehouse and lumber piles, about forty
flat cars and several coaches were lost in the fire.

In order to continue the necessary repair to the car
equipment, a temporary mill building was erected and
a number of air motors and air tools, together with
several wood working machines, were brought in from
several outlying division plants, and the other roads

Fig. 1 — General Layout of Shop Plant .of Seaboard Air Line at Portsmouth, Va.

building of the works. The buildings shown in the
present view, east of this line, are all new with the
exception of the paint and varnish storeroom.

The fire occurred one Friday night, and by the fol-
lowing Sunday morning the debris was entirely re-
moved. This work having been pushed very rapidly
under the personal supervision of Mr. J. M. Barr, first
vice-president and general manager. Mr. R. P. C.
Sanderson, superintendent of motive power, was at
some other point on the line on this occasion, and re-
turned to Portsmouth by Sunday night, immediately
assuming control of the reconstruction. Besides de-
stroying all the buildings above referred to, the heat
of the fire was so intense that the cross ties in the
repair yard were burned and the rails badly damaged.
These tracks were immediately replaced by temporary
ones, and by 9 o'clock Monday morning forty-nine

in the vicinity kindly offered their assistance by loan-
ing light tools, etc. With this temporary equipment
it was possible to maintain car repairs to some small
extent. *Work was immediately pushed in preparing
to renew the permanent buildings and equipment at as
early a date as possible, and it was necessary to con-
fine the cost of the new buildings almost to the money
which was obtained from insurance on the previous
buildings. Because of the imperative demand for new
buildings, it was impossible to. take time to prepare
elaborate plans, and the buildings were, therefore,
erected from rough pencil drawings, and the work of
erection continued during July and August.

In arranging the plans for renewing this depart-
ment, the entire equipment was made much more ex-
tensive and convenient. A coach repair and paint
shop 80 feet by 330 feet, containing sixteen repair

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 2 — Showing Relative Positions of Coach Repair and Paint Shop, Transfer Table and
Mill Building. The Mill is at Right of Illustration and Coach Repair Shop at Left.

tracks, was erected. This building is served by a
transfer table, operating in a pit 70 feet by 330 feet.
In order to gain space, four tracks were arranged on
the opposite of the transfer pit, for stripping and trim-
ming coaches, so that, by the time the coaches are
placed in the shop they have been thoroughly stripped
and cleaned, thereby keeping the objectionable and
dirty work outside of the shop. Connected with the
repair and paint shop by a board, walk is a planing
mill arranged in the form of an L, one leg of which
is 44 feet by 165 feet, and the other 165 feet by 44
feet, to which is added an engine and boiler room, as
shown in the plan. The old oil house, which was
located in the section of the plan given up to car
work, escaped the fire, and this building still remains
standing; it is no longer used, however, as an oil

house, as a new building for this material has been
erected in the locomotive department, as also shown
in the plan. The old building is now used for a paint
and varnish storeroom. The other buildings include
a tin shop and burnishing room, a lumber shed, a
blacksmith shop, and a small office for the foreman
in charge of car repairs.

The building used for the coach repair and paint
shop is shown in the accompanying illustration, Fig.
2. It is of brick construction to the height of the
bottom of the windows, above which a wooden frame
is covered by corrugated, galvanized iron. The high
windows shown provide ample light, adding materially
to the convenience of working within the building.
The roof is covered with five-ply tar paper, over which
is spread a coating of tar and pebbles. The large doors>

Fig. 3 — Mill Building, Power House Annex Being Shown at Right.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

through which cars are taken into the building, are
of theKinear rolling steel door type, and at the back
of the building- there are double swing iron sheathed
doors, eight feet high, through which trucks are rolled
to the tracks extending about twenty-five feet beyond
the building, on which truck repair work is done. In
the roof of the building is a monitor, extending the
entire length, with side window lights. In the east
end of the building a section within the monitor is
floored over, and constitutes a room in which up-
holstery work is done. This is connected by a stair-
way with the first floor, and a small hand elevator for
delivering material. The flooring of the building is
cement between the tracks, the cement extending to
a jack beam on each side of the track and flush with
the flooring; the space between the rails is left open
above the cross ties, except at the end of the tracks

the systematic location of the cars as they are brought
into the shop ; by this method two or three cars are
standing between those in which work is being done
and those which are being varnished.

The transfer table used in connection with this
building is a decided improvement over .any facilities
which were provided in the previous equipment. This
table was prepared at an exceedingly small cost; the
entire material of which it was constructed amounting
to but $1,600. The table is carried on three old arch
bar trucks, and is operated by two marine engines con-
nected together. A clutch is so arranged that the shaft
for propelling the table may be thrown out, and the
engines connected with a drum for drawing cars to or
from the table. The engines are operated by air, the
table carrying a large tank of a capacity sufficient for
two round trips. Several air connections are provided

Fig. 4 — Showing Large Doors for Delivering Material to Machines in Mill— Skids for Deliv
ering Sills and Lumber Piles Are Seen to Left of Illustration.

near the doors, which is boarded over to provide for
trucking material up and down the shop. Gutters are
provided on each side of each track in such a position
as to be immediately under the eaves of the car, so
that water is drained towards the transfer pit. The
building is heated by direct steam system, pipe radi-
ators being arranged longitudinally between the posts
and beneath work benches, which are supported by
the posts, the arrangement being such that a radiator
is located between each track. Cupboards for the use
of the workmen are arranged along the ends and one
side of the building, and these cupboards also include
a set, which are numbered to correspond to the sev-
eral working tracks, each large enough to hold the
brass trimmings, lamps, etc., from one car.

No separate department has been provided for paint
work, 1 as i all varnishing, etc., is done within the coach
repair and paint shop. The only provision made for
working against dust, while cars are being painted, is

throughout the length of the pit, so that the tank may
be supplied at several points in its travel.

The walls and roof of the mill building are of the
same construction as that described for the coach re-
pair and paint shop. In preparing for the foundations
of this building quicksand was encountered, which
added material difficulty in its erection. The build-
ing is supported upon posts, each one of which rests
upon two wooden piles driven deep into the ground.
One L of the building is used principally for heavy-
work, and an interesting feature is the provision of
large doors for handling timber through the walls of
the building. Car sills, etc., which require multiple
operations, are entered at the east end of the building,
and progress from one machine to another, until they
are finally finished and delivered at the opposite end.
In this connection it may- be mentioned that a pair of
skids, upon each of which operates a small traveling
carriage, is provided near the lumber pile ; by the use

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig.

-Store House.

of this arrangement sills may be delivered opposite the
large doors, from which they are readily passed on to
the machines. This arrangement is illustrated by the
half-tone engraving, figure 4. Those pieces requiring
less machining are delivered at the same end of the
building, but through the doors on the other side of
the floor, and they, too, pass through the building, and
are delivered at the end of the leg toward the coach
repair shop. The other leg of the building is given
over to cabinet work, and the machines used there-
with. By placing these machines near the cabinet
shop, each man who has a small amount of machine
work to do, upon the job in which he is engaged, finds
the machines easily accessible, and loses but little time
between the machines and his bench. The simpler ma-
chines are operated in this connection by the cabinet
workers, and operators are provided for the more com-
plicated machines, who assist the cabinet workers in
the heavier work, so that no time is lost by the men
standing around while others are doing their work.
Another feature of this building is that all shafts and
counter shafts are placed in a basement beneath the

flooring. These shafts are supported on special roller
bearings, which reduce the friction to a minimum. The
friction of the bearings amounts to so little that it is
possible for two men to start the shafting by pulling
on the belt, and it may be continued in motion by one
man.

Shavings are removed from this building by an air
conduit system, which delivers them either to an auto-
matic stoker, or to a storage tank placed near the
boiler room. The shavings are taken care of system-
atically. Several connections to the chutes are" placed
at different points throughout the floor and kept closed
until needed by small doors. When the heavy ma-
chines are running these openings are kept closed, and
shavings from the machines are fed to the boiler room ;
when but few or none of the machines are running, the
man employed to keep the floor thoroughly swept,
sweeps a pile of shavings to each opening, which is in
turn delivered to the boiler room, as heretofore ex-
plained for the machines.

In addition those heretofore mentioned, a large two-
story building has been constructed for a storehouse.

mmm,

-V!' ;V

Fig. 6 — Coach Repair and Paint Shop — Transfer Table is Shown in Foreground.

9 o

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

The building is of the same construction as that de-
scribed for the repair shop and mill. It is shown in
the accompanying photo engraving, figure 5, its loca-
tion being shown in the general lay out in figure 1.
It is 70 feet by 225 feet, and located convenient to the
main supply track. This department is under the
supervision of Mr. R. E. Dickinson, General Store
Keeper of the system. He has given careful attention
to the equipment of the interior, in arranging racks,
pigeon holes, etc., for the systematic storage of mate-
rial, and special attention has been given to ease in
locating material, and removing same from the several

bins. At the east end, immediately south of the build-
ing, are bins for the storage of car supplies, bolts, etc.,
and at the west end are racks with umbrella roofs, for
the storage of pipe, flues, bar iron, etc.

Narrow gauge side-tracks are being arranged about
the plant to facilitate the transportation of material.

But little change, which is worthy of mention, has
been made in the locomotive department, although
minor improvements and changes are constantly going
on. More important improvements are in view for
this department, but have not yet been sufficiently de-
veloped to be commented upon.

A Pneumatic Hammer for the Boiler Shop

AMONG the many pneumatic tools designed in
various shops for local use the tool herewith
illustrated presents a simple design arranged in the
Topeka shops of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rail-
way, which is noteworthy as a time and labor saver.
The construction of the tool and the manner in. which
it is supported while in use are shown in the accom-
panying line drawing and half-tone engraving. The
end of the chisel bar extends within the cylinder so as
to receive the full force of the hammer blow. The
operation of the hammer may be clearly seen by refer-
ence to the line drawing, which shows the air connec-
tions and operating three-way valves. By operating

the three-way valves alternately the air may be ex-
hausted to> the atmosphere while air is admitted behind
the hammer, either to drive it against the chisel bar
or return it to the opposite end of the cylinder prepara-
tory to delivering a blow. To withstand the blow of
the back stroke of the hammer a rubber cushion is
placed at the end of the cylinder, as shown.

While there are many uses in the boiler shop to
which this hammer may be applied, the service for
which it is. most appropriate is that represented in the
illustration, where the staybolts are being cut in the
right water leg of the boiler.

The tool is operated by two men. One man manipu-

A Pneumatic Hammer for the Boiler Shop.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

lates the valves controlling the hammer, while the sec-
ond man, by means of a crank and drum, tightens the
tackle which holds the tool against the work.

A Pneumatic Hammer for the Boiler Shop.
With this tool all the staybolts of a firebox may be
cut in one day, while with the old hand method it took

several days to accomplish the same result. The cylin-
der is 5 feet long, of 3-inch wrought iron pipe, and the
hammer weighs about 40 pounds. The plug at the
forward end is screwed to the end of the cylinder,
while the plug in the opposite end is welded, as it has
to withstand and stop the return blow of the hammer.
This tool is the design of Mr. Alfred Parfitt, fore-
man boilermaker of the shops above mentioned,' who
has covered the device by patents.

Railroad Shop Tools

By Charles H. Fitch

N our treatment of the subject of milling ma-
i chines we anticipate an objection or criticism
which may be made, namely, that so far as
railroad shop practice is concerned we scatter
shot. Much that we have to say will relate
either to old and outlived conditions, or to
future and as yet unrealized conditions. But
the reason for this is inherent in the facts of
the case. Milling machines are of great utility
in railroad shops, but their use and development is not
nearly as characteristic of railroad shops, certainly not of
railroad repair shops as it is of some shops devoted to
other lines of manufacture. Yet we do not know of any
machine-shop subject more interesting and suggestive
than that of the development and field of work of the
milling machine. It is more than probable that this field
will be greatly enlarged in locomotive work.

In presenting the subject of "Manufactures of Inter-
changeable Mechanism" in the U. S. Census Report of
1880 I proceeded by gradations from the small end

Fig. 1. — Lincoln Milling Machine.

of the horn in the order, watches, clocks, fire-arms, sew-
ing machines, locomotives, stationary and marine en-

gines. In watch factories the amount of stock tc be
removed was so small, and accuracy so essential,
that, the single point tool seeming to serve the purposes
of precision the operations except automatic gear
cutting were chiefly upon the lathe. But in the large gun,
pistol and sewing machine factories whole floors were
occupied with ranks of milling machines, and the type of
machine used was modeled after that of Geo. S. Lincoln
& Co., Hartford, Conn., shown in Fig. 1.

This cut rshows a modern machine by Garvin Machine
Company, of New York, who build a great va-riety of
up-to-date plain and universal milling machines. We may
as well say that the improved models of special and uni-
versal milling machines produced by American tool build-
ers are very numerous and embody more meritorious fea-
tures of design than can be fully considered in a single
article. The problem which appealed most strongly to
early designers was to preserve the alignment of the mill
spindle while adjusting it to different heights. Later de-
signers made the mill spindle fixed in position and put the
vertical adjustment in the table as shown in Fig. 2 by the
Becker-Brainard Company, an excellent design of a type
of tool made by many builders. Fig. 1 shows the under-
neath gearing and the stop screws and nuts at the top
for live spindle adjustment, also the automatic disengage-
ment of work by causing a worm on a pivoted feed shaft
to drop out of gear with its worm wheel.

On heavy locomotive and engine work there was no use
for these machines, and the planer and lathe were pre-
ferred tools, the universal milling machines being, how-
ever, most essential for the equipment of tool rooms.

The milling machine is almost the alpha and omega of
shop tools because it was one of the earliest machines in-
troduced, and on the other hand in its present shape it is
one of the most advanced of modern tools. Before planers
were used, when approximately "plane" surfaces were
made by clipping and filing, and were sometimes left so
bad that slides had to be worked with heavy leaf springs
to take up the slack of unevenness, milling machines were
devised to make narrow plane surfaces, and these were

9 2

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

fyj ' $ *> ^**r--

Fig. 2. — Plain Milling Machine With Non-Adjust-
able Spindle.

called slabbing machines. They were used in the gun
works of Whitney before the close of the eighteenth cen-
tury, and when locomotives began to be built were used
in making side rods.

Another use of milling machines was in making forms
neither plane nor cylindrical such as the fillets of connect-
ing rods. These shapes appeared to defy the planer and

Fig. 3. — Boring on A Milling Machine.

the lathe in the then-existing state of the art, and the
problem' was solved by rough milling.

Slabbing machines were suggested by grinding which

is historically older than lathe work as a stone is earlier
than a good pointed tool. To rib a steel roll with teeth
pantagraphic devices for making cutters so that they
and harden it, or to file the teeth of a gear for cutting
were early and obvious expedients. Much later came the
could be sharpened without change of form, and the de-
velopment of precise milling with which the names of
Brown and Sharpe must ever be associated.

Yet what for the practice of the future is more promis-
ing than the milling tool ? The cutting edges unlike those
of single tools required for lathes and planers are in use
only for a moment and then cool through a revolution.
Mills did rapid work without losing temper before the
high speed steel was discovered. And with high speed
steel they afford a possible field for greater rapidity of
action and heavier work which has scarcely been consid-
ered or entered upon. Machines contemplating such action
would have to be designed with framing to resist very
heavy stresses such as those imposed by punching and
shearing.

Such types of machine may be prophesied, but they have
not yet appeared. No machine tool, however, is of such
protean form as a milling machine. Wherever a spindle
can be arranged to turn we can have a milling machine.
Hence we have milling machines of what may be called
the lathe type, the planer type and the boring mill type
so far as framing is concerned.

For boring the mill becomes a reamer, and the peculiar
advantages of relief of action and repetition obtained by
the mill in outside work disappear in boring. In Fig. 3
is shown a boring mill job with the usual boring bar and
tool rigged up on a planer converted into a milling ma-
chine by. the Farwell system of the Adams Company of
Dubuque, Iowa. This system permits the use of a ma-
chine either as milling machine or planer by rigging upon
the planer cross-rail without interference with the planing
tool heads brackets constituting the live and tail stocks of
a milling machine.

Figure 4 shows one of these machines making a broad
slabbing cut upon pieces in multiple using a long cylindri-
cal mill with inserted cutters. This does the work in less
than half the time required in planing, but will be seen to
require considerable additional equipment and tool-making
work, a special system in fact which few railroad repair
shops would be ready to put into operation. Sometime
with a different system for replacements and interchange-
ability" of parts they will be ready and the tendency of such
a system will be to remove machine work from local re-
pair shops and concentrate it at large division shops. In
such large shops two purpose machines will not be wanted,
but in a small shop they serve a valuable purpose.

The milling machine in its universal or simple form is
its own tool maker, and in this connection we show in
Figure 5 the method of grinding inserted tooth face mills
on the Farwell system.

The framing of any machine might be utilized for simi-
lar applications. Separate arrangements for belt drive
and tightening, and countershafts must be provided. A

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Fig. 6. — Variable Speed Countershaft.

Fig. 4. — Slabbing Cut.

countershaft mechanism is shown in Fig. 6 by which speed
of table may be varied from o to 6 inches per minute
either direction. A friction disc gives variable feed to
worm gearing on the planer countershaft. This is prac-
tically the same device as commonly used on planer
frames, Newton cold sawing machines and many other
machine tools.

In Figure 7 we show the Ingersoll milling machine
made at Rockford, 111., and in considerable use in railroad
as well as in general shops. This is a machine of great
power and rigidity designed for milling only. As shown
it is arranged for vertical milling, but it is largely used
for horizontal milling and slabbing cuts. It is obviously
of the planer type.

Fig. 7. — Milling Machine of the Planer Type.

Fig. 5. — Grinding Cutters on A Milling Machine.

The mill is a producer of all surfaces, round, flat, and
curved cither by profile of the mill or by giving a move-
ment to the work or the mill. Curved links can be milled
by an attachment which swings the work as it is fed for-
ward. Even keyways and corners may be worked with
them, the Newton Company of Philadelphia having devel-
oped an excellent practical system of keyway cutting,
using a horizontal in combination with a small vertical
mill

The ordinary milling machine for use on comparatively
small parts is of the pillar or box column type similar to

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

Fig. 8. — Universal Milling Machine.

Fig. 2. The variations in design are not now so numer-
ous as they were in New England in that gun and pistol-
making period when America was sowing the seeds of the
interchangeable system in foreign armories, and nearly
every nation was a purchaser of American arms or Amer-
ican tools, or both. A tool of this period of the lathe type
manufactured at Worcester, Mass., had both head and-
tail stocks with set over motions, a vertical feed for vise
and work like an inverted radial drill feed, and a dividing
disc with ratchet gear also applying to the vise. Of such
a machine we would exclaim : What a weak-legged little
tool to carry such a millinery of mechanical head-gear!
No such design would be possible now. A vast improve-
ment has been made in solidity both of framing, and of
the bearings of all sliding and swiveling parts.

Milling speeds range in the neighborhood of 30 to 40
feet per minute peripheral for steel and cast iron (except
hard shots) 45 feet for wrought iron, 80 feet for brass,
depths of cut varying from 1-32 inch in hard steel to 2]/ 2
inches in soft cast iron. A Newton internally-lubricated
mill cut y% inch depth 9 inches feed, 50 feet per minute
peripheral speed, each tooth taking off 1-100 inch chip.
Wherever arrangements can be made for milling the
economy of time over single tool cuts as in planing is very
great. The Ingersoll Company show a practical illustra-
tion of a rose mill finishing a recess in the periphery of a
circular casting one-third faster than it would be done on
a lathe. Such work requires a turning head or table. For
work in repetition it secures duplication of recess with

elimination of possible error on the part of
the workman.

The prince of milling machines, and the
piece de resistance of every tool room is the
universal. It was designed long ago, but has
been steadily improved in solidity and in minor
details of convenience. Its essential utility
becomes ever greater as machine work passes
from jobbing to manufacturing, what has been
defined by another as "the revolution in ma-
chine shop practice."

About twenty-five years ago (June 21, 1879)
the Scientific American contained a picture of
a universal milling machine presented as an
improved English design, and taken from "En-
gineering," the well-known London publica-
tion. It looked familiar to me, and on close
comparison I found it to be substantially the
same machine as designed by F. W. Howe,
superintendent of the Robbins & Lawrence
shops (now Jones & Lamson shops) of Wind-
sor, Vermont, at least fifty years ago. It had
come back like an echo after an exportation
dating back a quarter of a century. In 1855
eight of these machines were shipped by
. Robbins & Lawrence to the Enfield Arm-
ory and Royal Carriage and Laboratory
Department of the British Government.
They had the index head called universal piv-
oted on slide in the front of the machine

and the vertical central feed through swivelling table.

Later the Brown & Sharpe Company of Providence made

their improved machine a household word in American

shops.

The universal built by the R. K. Le Blond Machine

Tool Company of Cincinnati is shown in Fig. 8, and em-

Fig. 9. — Universal Head For Spirals.
bodies quite a number of excellent and ingenious features.
In point of rigidity for heavy work the jointing of the
table swivel, and the feed through its center presents the

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

weakest point in the universal machine. This can be
guarded only by liberal proportions and large carefully
scraped bearings. The ordinary universal head does not
provide for cutting spirals over 50 degrees angle but the
Le Blond Company make a new type of universal head
shown in Fig. 9 available for use at any angle as the

three steps usual in such suburban cars the new rolling
stock will have four steps. Is is thought that this feature
will not only prove a convenience to those who travel on
suburban lines, but will also facilitate the rapid loading
and unloading of cars, thereby saving time. Another in-
teresting feature of their construction is the introduction
of acetylene gas for lighting. The officers of the rail-
road say : "This gas has been found so far superior as
an illuminant that it is probable all surburban coaches
of this road will be so equipped in future. For passengers
desiring to read their papers on the way home good light
is an important factor, and in deciding upon acetylene gas
we claim that we are providing the best illuminant avail-
able. Exhaustive tests have demonstrated the practicabil-
ity of the gas, and the tanks in which it is carried are
constructed in such a way that it is impossible for them
to explode."

Fig. 10. — Gear Box For Changing Feeds.

cutter can be swung through 210 degrees. This can be
applied to plain as well as universal machines.

Other notable features are the friction-clutched double
back gears, and the gear box drive. The gear box is com-
ing to be considered essential to all types of up-to-date
machine tools requiring numerous and frequent changes
of feed. It requires less thought in the shop, and so far
should be considered as a device which does some of the
machinist's thinking for him. He does not have to figure
out change gears, and sort and shift loose pieces.

In details of gear boxes there are as many possible de-
signs as in fire-arms locks. Imaginatively the require-
ment is precisely the same as would be involved in shift-
ing loose gears and bringing them into engagement with
other gears on other shafts. This can be done by rota-
tion of arms carrying some of the gears, coupled with
sliding movements. Many forms of clutch are also used
in effecting these combinations, and while the translation
and^ engagement of cones and nests of gears presents an
interesting rather than a specially difficult problem of
machine dedsign, the net result is that this thinking once
for all eliminates the need of solving a gear problem by
the machinist leaving him to deal simply with the lever
and pinholes of such a box exterior as shown in Fig. 10
in which there can be no interference, double-meshing, or
other possibility of error. The Le Blond is an admirable
tool, but there is evidence enough in the machine tool
product of many other American builders that brains are
being put into new model machines to save time and

thought in the shop.

+—+

The increased suburban traffic on the Delaware, Lacka-
wanna & Western R. R. has necessitated a larger equip-
ment of modern passenger coaches, and the first consign-
ment of ten cars is now being received. Instead of the

Communication

To the Editor of the Railway Master Mechanic:

We have read with interest the article in your last
number by Mr. Fitch, page 51, on "Railway Shop Tools."
While same is not very much detailed, yet there are two
points which might be misunderstood. First, the ma-
chine illustrated of our make was a double throat, but
we build them single throat also. Second, on page 55,
just below figure 9, you state that it is "strange that no
builder has adopted the box section." We presume that
this refers to the frame and if so we state that we use
the box section altogether and have never used anything
else.

Cincinnati Punch & Shear Company.

The Railway Storekeepers

A gathering of railway storekeepers met at the Audi-
torium Hotel, in Chicago, on Feb. 16, and organized what
is to be known as the Railway Store Keepers' Associa-
tion. It has for its object the "exchange of ideas as to
the betterment in methods of handling, caring for, and
use of materials and supplies, in connection with the
operation of railways, by discussion, investigation, and
reports of experience of its members, and to provide an
organization through which the members may agree on
such joint action as may be required to attain the greatest
efficiency in -the methods of handling, distributing and
caring for material." The members elected the following
as its officers to serve during the year ensuing from the
first regular annual meeting, which will be held in Chi-
cago within the next three months : President, J. P.
Murphy ; first vice-president, N. M. Rice ; second vice-
president, W. Josselyn ; treasurer, J. M. Taylor ; members
of executive c mmiltee, J. C. Morris, Theron Higby and
John Burke.

9 6

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

Power Required to Drive Machine Tools

THE extent to which electrical drive is being applied
to machine tools in railroad shops, renders avail-
able data regarding the amount of power necessary to
drive the various machine! tools driven by individual
motors, very essential to those contemplating new in-
stallations or making provision for changes from belt'
drive to individual motor drive. The following data has
been collected by one of the principal manufacturers of
electrical apparatus and the figures presented are inter-
esting and worthy of careful consideration. In general

it may be said that the size of the motor required to drive
any tool must be determined largely by the conditions
under which it is to be operated and while these tables
are representative of the experience of an individual es-
tablishment their, significance is readily appreciated.

In large boring mills it has been found that the max-
imum power is required of the motor when the tool is
started from rest to get up to full speed, it being the
greatest when starting on the point of direct drive.

BORING MILLS DIRECT DRIVEN.

Diameter

Number

Time in sec-

Cutting

Horse power

Size.

onds required

speed in feet

Material.

required to

Work

Tools

Inches.

for 1 revolu-

per

drive

Inches.

Cutting. •

tion of- table.

Minute.

machine.

51 inch

47.0

i/i6x 1/4

24.6

C. I.

2.7

51 "

257

1/32 x 3/8

25.2

2.0

5 feet

34-o

i/i6x 1/4

1/16x3/8

21.4

4.8

5 "

28.0

• I

i/i6x 1/4

I7.6

C. I.

2.9

6 "

8.0

i/i6x 1/8

20.9

C. I.

2.0

6 "

59-o

1/16x7/16

1/16x3/8

■ 48

19-3'

6-5

6 "

32.5

i/i6x 1/4

I70.0 .

Copper and
Mica

9-6

57-3

i/i6x 1/4

i/i6x 1/2

27-3

C. I.

4-7

7 "

60.0

i/i6x 1/4

31-4

C. I.

2.9

7 '•

53-o

i/i6x 1/4

1/16x3/8

46-

18.1

6.6

8 "

85.5

1/16x3/16

i/i6x 1/4

25-3

C. I.

3-o

8 "

30.0

3/64x3/8

18.8

3-3

40.0

1/64x1/4

i/i6x 1/8

21.7

4.4

8 " "

84-5

1/16x3/16

i/i6x 1/8

34-9

C. I.

3-6

54-o

1/32 x 3/8

35-3

C. I.

3-7

10 "

70.0

i/i6x 1/4

1/16x3/8

25-5

C. I.

3-4

12.5

1/32 x 1/32

17.9

C. I.

6-5

96.0

1/16x3/8

32.1 '

C. I.

3-4

84.0

i/i6x 1/4

1/16x3/8

23.1

4-5

12 "

123.0

i/i6x 1/2

1/16x5/8

101

19.1

7.2

10-if "

73-o

1/16 x 3/8

i/i6x 1/4

35-8

C. I.

4-3

10-16 "

84.0

1/32 x 5/8

20.0

4.8

14 "

98.0

1/32x3/8

19.4

4.2

14 "

21.5

3/32 x 5/16

19.9

C. I.

2.4

14-20 "

172.0

i/i6x 1/2

i/i6x 1/4

114

23-7

C. I.

2.4

14-20 "

132.0

1/16x1/4 •

1/16x3/8

103

20.1

5-o

25 "

220.0

1/8 x 3 /8"

1/8 x 3 /8

150

23.0

C. I.

4.8

25 "

109.0

1/16x1/4

i/i6x 1/4

25-5

4.8

PLANERS.

Drive.

Number

Tools

cutting.

Size of cut
in inches.

Cutting
speed in

feet

per
minute.

Material.

Ratio of

cutting

speed to

return

speed.

H. P. to Drive.

Size.

Cutting-
stroke.

Revers-
ing to
return.

Return
stroke.

~76~

4.9

4.8

4.4
4.2

5-6
4-9
6-9

Revers-
ing to
cut.

36 inch

60 "
84 "

120 " .

120 "
120 l "

120 "
I20 "

Belted

Belted
Direct Driven
Direct Driven

Belted

3/64XI/2 3/64XI/4

Heavy rough cut
Running light

3/16x1/2 3/16x1/2
Running light

3/16x5/16
Running light
Running light

29.I
18.O
18.2
18.O
18.0
16.O
18.O
18.7

C. I.
C. I.
C. I.

i:3
i:3
1=3
i:3

i:3
i:3
i:3
i:4 .

7.0
7.0 '
2.4

1 1 -3
3-6
6.6

3-i
3-6

I0.3
18.3
197

23-8
24.4
32.6

34-7

17.2

7-i
9.2

17.8
11.9
11.7
20.3
20.0
5-8

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

SLOTTERS.

12 inch

Direct Driven

i/i6x 1/4

12.0

C. I.

i:i>4

1.8

1.6

1.4

i-5

12 "

Direct Driven

i/i6x 3/8

12.5

C. I.

1:1^2

1.0

1.1

12 "

Direct Driven

1/32 x 3/8

13-5

1:1/2

1-7

1,8

i-5

1.6

18 "

Direct Driven

i/i6x 1/4

10.0

C. I.

1:4

1.2

2-3

•7

18 "

Direct Driven

i/i6x 3/4

7-25

M. I.

1:4

1.1

•4

24 "

Direct Driven

i/i6x 1/4

20.0

i:i>2

3-5

1.1

•9

1.0

60 "

Belted

1/8 x iyk

C. I.

i:254

7.2

21. 1

12.0

9.1

48 "

Portable Belted

i/i6x 3/8

1:1/

5-3

4.6

5-o

48 . "

Port. Dir. Drive

1/16 x 3/8

C. I.

1:3

4-75

8.8

2-7

2.J

48 "

Port. Dir. Drive

Light

1:3

" r -3

8.8

2.7

MISCELLANEOUS.

H. P. to

Drive.

7 ft. Radial Drill. Belted. Drilling cast iron with

3 in. drill

8 ft. Radial Drill. Direct Driven. Drilling cast

iron with 3 in. drill '•

36 in. Drill. Belted. Drilling % in- hole in tool

steel

30 in. Drill. Belted (with tapping attachment).

Drilling 1 in. hole in laminated iron

26 in. Drill. Belted. Drilling }i in. hole in tool

steel •

Sand Sifter. Direct Driven

200 lb. Compact Hammer. Belted:

To start hammer ! J -3

Striking 245 blows per minute 7-9

2-5
2.1

i-3
1.4

i-3
1.2

72 in. Lathe. Direct Driven. Cutting cast iron
1-16 in. x 3-8 in. (cut) with cutting speed of
36.4 ft. per minute. Diameter of work 37 ins.

Air Compressor. Direct Driven. Pumping

against 80 lb. pressure 15.3

Milling Machine. Belted. Cutter 3/ ins. wide x
2}4 ins. diameter. Cutting tool steel 3/ ins x
% in. cut with fastest feed

Cold Saw. Direct Driven. Cutting heavy steel T
rail. Feed T /z in. per minute

42 in. Rotary Planer. Direct Driven. Cutting
cast iron with speed of 39.7 ft. per minute.
Feed 2% ins. per minute. Cut y 2 in. x 18 ins.

Portable Key Seater. Belted. Cutting cast iron
1-32 in. x I in. cut:

Cutting stroke 2.0

Return stroke 1.5

3-6

1.2

2-3

8.6

February Meeting of the Western Railway Club

The regular monthly meeting of the Western Railway
Club was held Tuesday afternoon, Feb. 16. Mr. Geo. P.
Nichols of Chicago read a paper on "Square Round-
houses." Rectangular engine houses are used every-
where in Europe, while the circular form is universal
in this country. The nearest approach to the square form
inihis country are the new engine houses of the St. Louis
Terminal Railroad Association at East St. Louis and St.
Louis, where transfer tables are used between rectangular
buildings similar to ordinary erecting shops. Mr. Nich-
ols showed by drawings and figures that the actual area
required for circular houses is considerably larger than
for square construction. The disadvantages of circular
form are especially great in winter, when snow and ice
impede the entrance to the building and make it almost
impossible to keep it warm. Mr. Nichols' plan provides
two parallel rows of stalls with a transfer table between
them, the whole being roofed over. Where the character
of the repairs made at the roundhouse makes it worth
while, a traveling crane may be erected over the transfer
table One disadvantage is that the engines cannot be
turned in the roundhouse. This may be met by providing
a turntable or a Y outside or by putting in a turntable
under the transfer table, a design which Mr. Nichols is
now working on. In the discussion there was pretty gen-
eral agreement that the rectangular shape possesses many

advantages and is worthy of consideration in planning
new engine houses.

The second paper was by Mr. A. Bement on "The In-
fluence of Brain Power on Dividends." The object of
the paper was to suggest the importance to railway com-
panies of having "a new and special kind of worker,
which the author would designate as a professional stu-
dent, who, in the service of corporations would devote
his efforts to the study in his own field, of existing meth-
ods for the purpose of their own improvement, and to the
discovery of new opportunities. Such man, or men,
should not be burdened with any routine duties at all,
but be free to carry on the work without interruption or
hindrance, and instead of working under the direction of
some particular official, it should be rather with the co-
operation and assistance of all."

The speaker mentioned some examples of the import-
ance of careful study and investigation and the saving
effected thereby. The discussion seemed to show agree-
ment with the speaker's position in the abstract, but was
rather indeterminate as to the possibility or practicability
of anything being done. There was also some mention
of the desirability of the services of consulting engineers
or mechanical experts.

The third paper was by Master Mechanic D. R. Mac-
Rain of the Michigan Central on "The Lubrication of

9 8

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

Locomotive Valves and Cylinders." Mr. MacBain's long
and practical experience gives added weight and interest
to his paper. We quote very briefly from his paper the
following :

"Fifteen or twenty years ago when the maximum
steam pressure was about 140 pounds the question of
valve and cylinder lubrication was not so much heard of,
the low steam pressure and perhaps a little better class
of cast iron used in cylinders and valves, made the matter
of proper lubrication a simple one. * * * *

"A long experience as a road foreman of engines and
a most careful effort on the part of the writer to bring
about the promised results, has failed to convince him

that the oil can be delivered to the steam chest under
'any and all conditions.' On the contrary, I am per-
fectly satisfied that on long runs * * * * e ither one
or the other of two things must be done, ease the throttle
off frequently so that steam chest pressure will fall much
below that of the boiler or run with a longer cut off and
a throttle opening that will keep steam chest pressure
down enough below the lubricator through the oil pipe to
the steam chest all the time when the engine is working.
The long cut off and short throttle has become the most
acceptable method among enginemen and it is safe to
say that this fact is responsible in a large degree for the
increase in fuel consumption that has been pretty much
universal."

Simple Freight Locomotive N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R.

HE simple consolidation freight locomotives
recently placed in service ^by the New York
Central & Hudson River Railroad and built
by the Schenectady Works of the American '
Locomotive Company, are among the heaviest
engines built for fast freight service. They
are designed to operate under 200 pounds
steam pressure and burn bituminous coal.
With their large drivers and free steaming
capacity their construction is such that they might be
use'd successfully in heavy passenger service should
emergency require the transportation department to make

such a demand. To aid circulation around the firebox
the water space at mud ring is made 4^ inches wide and
is an evidence of the current tendency towards provision
of ample space in this particular. The frames are strong
and well braced, as shown by the detail view, Fig. 2.
The casting at the "front end which performs the double
function of brace and center pin guide for the truck, and
the casting forming the horizontal brace above the sec-
ond axle, also supporting the transmission bar hangers,
are light, yet well ribbed and strong.

Expressed by the usual formula, these engines are cap-
able of exerting a maximum tractive effort of 45,600 lbs.

Fig. 1. — New York Central Consolidation Locomotive — General Side Elevation.

Fig. 2. — New York Central Consolidation Locomotive — Details of Frame.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

'ti ' face j// Ping k Cen of Ctilinter

Fig. 3. — New York Central Consolidation Locomotive — Longitudinal Section of Boiler.

The ratio of weight on drivers to tractive effort is 4.37;
the ratio of tractive effort to total heating is 11.5, and the
ratio of total heating surface to grate area is 6.91.

Further details of interest are presented by the fol-
lowing table :

General Dimensions.

Fuel Bituminous coal.

Weight in working order 219,000 lbs.

Weight on truck 19,600 lbs.

Weight engine and tender in working order 355,450 lbs.

Wheel base, driving 17 ft

Wheel base, rigid . . . . 17 ft.

Wheel base, total 25 ft. 11 ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and tender 60 ft. 6% ins.

Cylinders.

Diameter of cylinders 23 ins.

Stroke of piston 32 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston .'. .6% ins. and 7 ins.

Diameter of piston rod 4 ins.

Kind of piston packing Cast iron.

Kind of piston rod packing

U. S. metallic with Gibbs vibrant cup.

Valves.

Kind of slide valves Piston.

Greatest travel of slide valves 6 ins.

Outside lap of slide valves 1 in.

Inside lap of slide valves . in. line and line.

Lead of valves in full gear

Line and line at front %-in. lead at % cut-off.

Kind of valve stem packing U. S. metallic.

Transmission bar - With.

Wheels, Etc.

Number of driving wheels Eight.

Diameter of driving wheels outside of tire 63 ins.

Material of driving wheel, centers Cast steel.

Thickness of tire 3% ins.

Tire held by Shrinkage.

Driving box material Cast steel.

Diameter and length of driving journals

9y 2 ins. and 10 ins. dia. x 12 ins.

Diameter and length of main crank pin journals

(Main side 7% ins. x 5% ins.) 7 ins. dia. x 7 ins.

Fig. 4. — New York Central Consolidation Locomo-
tive — Rear Elevation and Sections.

Fig. 5. — New York Central Consolidation Locomo-
tive — Sectional and End View of Boiler.

IOO

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

°/Pa

1 1

*ct£/?ea

Fig. 6. — New York Central Consolidation Locomo- 1

tive — Sectional View of Boiler Shell and

Frame.

Diameter and length of side rod crank pin journals

(Inter. 5y 2

ins. x 5 ins.) (F. 5 ins. x 4 ins.) B. 5 ins. dia. x 414 ins.

Section of rods Main, I; Side, I.

Engine truck kind, 2-wheel, C. S. frame, swing center

bearings pedestals .Wrought iron.

Engine truck journals 6% ins. dia. x 10 ins.

Diameter of engine truck wheels 33 ins.

Kind of engine truck wheels

..«.....'.. .Krupp No. 3, Cast iron spoke center 3%-in. tire.
Boiler.

Style Straight top radial stay.

Outside diameter of first ring - Inside, 80 ins.

Working pressure , 200 lbs.

Material of barrel and outside of fire box Worth.

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of fire box

13-16-in., 9-16-in., 1-in., %-m., %-in.

Horizontal seams Butt joint sextuple riveted.

Circumferential seams '. . Double riveted.

Fire box, length 105 1-16 ins.

Fire box, width 7514 ins.

Fire box, depth Front, 79% ins.; back, 63y 2 ins.

Fire box, material Carbon.

Fire box plates, thickness

Sides, %-in.; back, %-in.; crown, %-in.; tube sheet, 9-16 in.
Fire box ' . . .Water space, 4^-in. and

53^-ih.; front, 4 1 / ^-in. and e^-in.; sides, 4 1 / 4-in. and 6%-in.

Fire box, crown staying '. Radial.

Fire box, stay bolts Taylor iron 1-in. dia. W. S.

Tubes, material and gage. Worth charcoal iron No. 11 B. W. G.
Tubes, number 458.

Fig. 7. — New York Central Consolidation Locomo-
' tive-— Sectional Views of Firebox.

Tubes, diameter 2 ins.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 15 ft. 6 ins.

■Fire brick, supported on Water tubes.

Heating surface, tubes 3,693.3 sq. ft.

• Heating surface, water tidies .26.15 sq. ft.

Heating surface, fire box , 182.5 sq. ft.

Heating surface, total 3,901.95 sq. ft.

Grate surface 56.43 sq. ft.

Grate, style Rocking N. Y. C. Std.

Ash pan, style . Sectional hopper.

Exhaust pipes Single N. Y. C. Std.

Exhaust nozzles e^-in. and 6%-in. dia.

Smoke stack, inside diameter 20 ins.

Smoke stack, top above rail . 14 ft. 9%, ins.

Boiler supplied by Nathan Monitor Injector No. 11.

Tender.

Style . .Water bottom.

Weight, empty 54,100 lbs.

Wheels, number Eight.

Wheels, diameter . 33 ins.

Journals, diameter and length 5% ins. dia. x 10 ins.

Wheel base . 20 ft. 6 ins.

Tender frame 10-in. steel channels.

Tender trucks . 2 and

4-wheel, Cen. bear., Fox press steel frames and bolsters.

Water capacity 7,000 U. S. gals.

Coal capacity .12 tons.

Brake: Westinghouse, American combined on all drives
operated by air 9V2-m. pump; L. side; signal schedule
West. J.; 2 main reservoirs 16 ins. x 166 ins.

•»» »>

Personal

Mr. H. W. Arnold, general foreman of the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe shops at Newton, Kas., has resigned.

Mr. R. J. Farrell has been appointed master mechanic
of the Illinois Southern, with headquarters at Sparta, 111.

Mr. W. S. Galloway has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Grafton,
W. Va.

Mr. George Dickson, master mechanic of the St. "Louis,
Iron Mountain & Southern at Baring Cross, Ark., has
resigned.

Mr. W. J. Wilcox, master mechanic of the Mexican
Central, has been transferred from Monterey to Chihua-
hua, Mex.

Mr. A. Ff. Pyle has been appointed roundhouse fore-
man of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific at Armour-
dale, Kan.

Mr. A. A. Campbell has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Kansas City Southern, with headquarters
at Shreveport, La.

Mr. W. S. Granby has been appointed master mechanic
of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, with headquarters
at Arkansas City, Kan.

Mr. I. P. Bowman has been appointed acting general
foreman of the Wabash shops at Montpelier, O., to suc-
ceed Mr. B. F. Luke.

Mr. Thomas Paxton has been appointed master me-

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

101

chanic of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, with
headquarters at Baring Cross, Ark.

Mr. D. J. Mullen has been appointed master mechanic
of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, with
Headquarters at Mount Carmel, 111.

Mr. J. G. Snedeker, heretofore acting division super-
intendent, has been appointed division superintendent
of the Missouri Pacific at Jefferson City, Mo.

Mr. J. N. Sanburn, heretofore master mechanic of the
Texas Southern, has been appointed superintendent of
motive power with headquarters at Marshall, Tex.

Mr. J. P. Yergy has been appointed general car in-
spector of the Buffalo & Allegheny division of the Penn-
sylvania Railroad, with headquarters at Buffalo, N. Y.

Mr. James Connors has been appointed district master
mechanic of the southern district of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul, with office at Dubuque, la. Effect-
ive February 1, 1904.

Mr. H. C. Shields, late division foreman of motive
power and equipment of the Lackawanna at Bangor, Pa.,
has been made master mechanic of the Lehigh & New
England at Pen Argyl, Pa.

Mr. H. W. Ridgway, formerly superintendent of mo-
tive power and machinery of the El Paso & Northeastern,
has been appointed master mechanic of the Mexican
Central at the City of Mexico.

Mr. W. F. Buck, who until recently was master me-
chanic of the Northern Pacific at Missoula, Mont., has
been appointed master mechanic of the Santa Fe Coast
Lines, with office at Needles, Cal.

Mr. David Patterson has been appointed general fore-
man of the locomotive department of the C. & C. B. Iowa
division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, with
office at Marion, la. Effective February 1, 1904.

Mr. D. J. Malone, division master mechanic of the Ore-
gon Short Line at Pocatello, Idaho, has been appointed
division master mechanic at Salt Lake City, and Mr. W.
J. Tollerton has been appointed division master mechanic
at Pocatello..

Mr. Mortimer E. Cooley, professor of mechanical en-
gineering at the University of Michigan, has been ap-
pointed dean of the engineering department, succeeding
the late Charles E. Greene, who founded the engineering
school at Ann Arbor.

Mr. William Cross, heretofore engineer of tests of the
Canadian Pacific, has been appointed assistant to Second
Vice-President Whyte, with headquarters at Winnipeg,
Man., and will have charge of mechanical matters west
of Fort William, Ont.

Mr. H. H. Vaughan has resigned as assistant super-
intendent of motive power of the Lake Shore and Mich-
igan Southern to accept the position of superintendent
of rolling stock of the Canadian Pacific, with headquart-
ers at Montreal, Que.

Mr. Joseph Parkes, one of the oldest employes of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, has just been retired to the pen-
sion roll from his position as road foreman of engines
of the Tyrone division. Mr. Parkes had been in active
service since May, 1851.

Mr. T. J. Cutler, master mechanic of the Northern
Pacific at Fargo, N. D., has been transferred to the Rocky
Mountain Division, with headquarters at Missoula,
Mont., and Mr. J. E. O'Brien has been appointed master
mechanic at Fargo, N. D.

Mr. G. L. Wall, who has been assistant engineer of mo-
tive power of the Pennsylvania Lines at Fort Wayne,
Ind., has been appointed director of tests, in charge of
the operation of the locomotive testing plant at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

Mr. J. J. Reid. heretofore mechanical inspector of the

Northern Pacific, has been appointed general master me-
chanic of the Louisville & Nashville, with headquarters at
Louisville, Ky. His jurisdiction will extend over all di-
visions, and he will have supervision of all shops.

Mr. J. A. Pfeffer, who has been gang foreman in the
machine shops of the Santa Fe at Topeka, Kan., has been
promoted to the position of general foreman of shops at
Winslow, Ariz. Mr. Joseph Aigner, a machinist who has
been employed at Topeka, succeeds Mr. Pfeffer as gang
foreman.

Mr. A. W. Wheatley, superintendent of shops of the
Northern Pacific at Brainerd, Minn., has been appointed
assistant superintendent of motive power of that road,
with headquarters at St. Paul, Minn., and Mr. J. N. An-
derson, heretofore general foreman, has been appointed
superintendent of shops at Brainerd.

Mr. Charles S. Hall has been appointed master me-
chanic of the C. & P. Division of the Boston & Maine,
and Mr. Chester H. Larimer has been appointed air
brake inspector, with general supervision of such matters
in the motive power department. Mr. Walter S. Brazier
has been appointed traveling engineer for the west sec-
tion of the Fitchburg division.

Mr. J. L. Driscoll has been appointed master mechanic
of the Alabama Great Southern, with headquarters at
Birmingham, Ala., vice Mr. V. B. Lang, resigned. Mr.
W. H. Dooley, heretofore general foreman at Somerset,
Ky., has been transferred to Chattanooga, succeeding Mr.
Driscoll, and Mr. Dennis Brown has been appointed gen-
eral foreman at Somerset, Ky., succeeding Mr. Dooley.

Effective March 1, 1904, the present duties of Mr.
W". P. Colton, advertising agent of the Delaware, Lacka-
wanna & Western Railroad, will be extended to' include
the industrial department, with title of industrial and ad-
vertising agent. Mr. Colton will report to the general
passenger agent for the advertising department and to
the vice-president for the industrial department.

Mr. C. F. Giles, master mechanic of the Louisville &
Nashville at Louisville, Ky., has been appointed assistant
superintendent of machinery of that road, with head-
quarters at Louisville. Mr. W. L. Tracey, heretofore
assistant master mechanic, will succeed Mr. Giles as
master mechanic, Mr. Tracey being succeeded by Mr. J.
G. Clifford. Mr. J. J. Sullivan, master mechanic at New
Decatur, Ala., has been appointed master mechanic at
Decatur, succeeding Mr. Beckert, resigned.

Armstrong Tool Holders

In view of the great convenience and economy of the
modern tool holder of approved construction and design it
is natural that economy should demand the adoption of such
devices instead of continuing the solid forged tool which
necessarily requires more steel than that which is actually
used as a cutter. That the disadvantage of the previously
existing condition of affairs was fully realized by machinists
themselves is amply evidenced by the fact that during the
past half century many different forms of tool holders have
been devised by practical machinists and all aiming to remedy
the defects, inconvenience and waste of the old system of
forged tools. While many of these tool holders were used
successfully for years by the inventors, or in the works where
they were first made, they never displaced the forged tool
to any extent, or attained any degree of success commercially.
While some were superior to others, many of them embodied
the objection of having been devised for special cases and
were made in but a few small sizes.

With the increasing recognition of the fact that it was pos

102

RAILWAY MASTER .MECHANIC

March, 1904.

sible to maintain speeds and feeds previously unheard of by
means of tools made from so-called air-hardening or self-
hardening steel came a large increase in the use of that class
of steel for lathe and planer tools. At the same time came a
great increase in the percentage of waste incidental to the
use of forged tools. The self-hardening steel was more ex-
pensive than water-tempered tool steel. The increased amount
invested in the steel was a big item for the purchasing agent

Fig. 1.

or manager to figure over, and the "stub end," when the tool
grew too short for further use, represented a great deal more
money than it formerly did.

With these several points in view the practical value of and
the economy possible from tools of the type here illustrated
are readily appreciated. Fig. 1 represents a side tool, which
when arranged with a straight shank is especially designed
for use on the planer.

This packing does not cut or score the rod and when the
engine is inactive, it will not blister or rust the rod or stem.
If the rod is in good condition at the time the packing is
applied, it will remain so and will not have to be turned
when the engine is repaired. It can be placed in the stuffing
box without disconnecting the rod, requiring very little time
for the operation. It is easily removed from the box and
taken apart when necessary. It works equally well on all
classes of piston rods, valve stems, rotary valve stems, stop
cocks, air pumps or compressors. It is steam and air tight
without the use of any soft or fibrous packing. On rotary
rods or valve stems the packing will not wear the rods or
stems, as it hugs the rods and partakes of their motion.

By an examination of the accompanying illustration it will
be seen that the packing is contained in a metal- case made
in halves, which case is made to fit the stuffing box. The
case is securely screwed together and then pushed to the
bottom of the stuffing box. A joint make of lead (this metal
having been decided upon as giving best results), at the
bottom of the stuffing box. A joint made of lead (this metal
a packing which the makers of this device guarantee to last
five years, and which they claim is good for ten years' serv-
ice without repair.

In applying this packing the following should be observed:
The straight cut ring should go towards the steam, and' the
angular cut ring towards the crank, and small dowell pin on
the angular cut ring should go in between joints of straight

Fig. 2.

The cutters are made of self-hardening steel and are of the
proper size and design to withstand the heavy strains to which
a tool of this kind is subjected; they are held close up to the
end and can be used up very short. The holder is drop forged
of steel and is case hardened.

Fig. 2 illustrates the arrangement for right and left hand
side tools and Fig. 3 shows another view of a straight shank
side tool.

Fig.

The Holmes Metallic Packing

. The annoyance caused by steam leaks naturally directs
the attention of steam engine users to a type of packing
which will remove this objection and which, at the same
time, will not score and scratch the rod and wear it out of
round. The Holmes patent improved metallic piston rod and
valve packing is not a new metallic packing, but is now mar-
keted by those who intend to provide a first-class packing,
which will overcome difficufties heretofore encountered with

Patent No. 318,400.

fibrous packing. This packing is in use on marine, stationary
and locomotive engines, and has been pronounced by many
to be very satisfactory and effectual. It is made of the same
material as the piston rings and cylinder of an engine, and
the manufacturers claim that its life will therefore be ex-
ceptionally long.

cut rings, and so on for the three sets of rings; after the rings
are on the rod, cover them with cylinder oil, and put some
in the case, then screw them together and put in "the box,
making a joint of small lead pipe between gland and case
and bottom of case and stuffing box, and have lead ring fill
the inside of stuffing box tight.

♦♦♦ ,

Steam Turbine Installed in Paint Plant

A new Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine of 400 kilowatts
capacity has just been installed in the Sherwin-Williams
Co.'s plant at Cleveland, Ohio, and is now furnishing power to
all departments.

This new turbine, which marks the highest development in
engine construction, is the first of its type to be put into use
in the city of Cleveland; is the 54th manufactured on the
continent; and is understood to be the first ever placed in
the power house of any paint plant anywhere.

The installation of the turbine engine will illustrate the
Sherwin-Williams Co.'s policy of being always in the van in
every department of their business. And their success in
paint manufacturing is largely due to this principle of main-
taining the most modern and efficient equipment.

The Parsons turbine, which was invented by an English
engineer and which has doubtless proven the most practical
of all, is what is known as the parallel flow class. The steam
enters at one end, passes along parallel to the shaft, and dis-
charges at the other end. Ther-e are rings of small blades on
the wheel alternating with rings on the inside of the casing.,
and the steam passing between the curved blades being de-
flected, first one way and then the other, produces a reaction
which causes the wheel to rotate. There are 31,000 of these
small blades in one turbine. The steam enters the turbine
at 150 pounds pressure through a 5-inch pipe, and is dis-
charged through a 20-inch pipe into a vacuum that is main-

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

103

tamed by apparatus which condenses all of the exhaust steam
into water.

The principal advantages of steam turbines are their high
economy in the use of steam, their great simplicity, the small
cost of maintenance, and the small amount of floor space
which they require.

in contents and as a specimen of high standard book making
.The price of this valuable and most practical book is three
dollars, delivered free of post or express to any part of the
world."

Solid Draft Rigging

The Solid Draft Rigging and Equipment Company of Terre"
Haute, Ind., has issued a booklet descriptive of their solid
draft rigging which has been for several years in use on a
number of railroads. The manufacturers say that the draft
rigging has passed the experimental stage and has proved to
be a decided success.

The manufacturers say the following in regard to it: "The
spring bearing is of solid metal, adapted to be rigidly
mounted on the center sills of engine tenders, freight cars
and coaches, having horizontal and vertical flanges faced for
connecting it to sills with bolts or rivets, eliminating all extra
attachments, such as draft timbers, draft irons, draft plates,
lug irons, check plate, lug straps, sill straps, lug and strap
bolts, coupler yokes and slip pins, differing from all other draft
rigging in having an immovable spring bearing, permanently
set between draw sills with twenty-four one-inch rivets or
bolts, applied vertically and horizontally through sills, elimi-
nating all possiblities of chafing, splitting or spreading of
sills, having socket spring seat members at each end of
bearing followers and springs mounted on pull rods, slide-
able, extending through follower plates, springs and spring-
bearings, with nut adjustment at back end of rods, for tak-
ing up all slack that might accumulate from time to time,
obliterating all lost motion that is so destructible to all draft
riggings, having straps slideably engaged in slot ways at top
and bottom of spring bearings."

■» * » ■ !

Theo. Audel & Company

Theo. Audel & Company have just issued specimen pages
and a new catalogue descriptive of "Rogers Drawing and De-
sign" which will be sent free to readers of the Railway
Master Mechanic on request to the office of Theo. Audel &
Company, 63 Fifth Ave., New York City. The publishers' an-
nouncement we quote as follows, as giving some inforrnar
tion regarding this interesting work :

"It is with pleasure we submit for careful examination
these specimen pages of Rogers' Drawing and Design, show-
ing as they do, the plan and scope of a work which has long
been needed. It is hardly necessary for the publishers to
say aught of the primary importance of a thorough knowl-
edge of drawing and design except that this volume is ar-
ranged for a comprehensive, self-instruction course for both
shop and drawing room. The work is divided into three
parts, embracing twelve divisions or general subjects. Part
one relates to linear drawing and ends with page 202. Part
two relates to machine design and ends with page 408. Part
three is devoted to mathematical and useful tables and data,
the use of drawing instruments and a most copious cross
index. The table of contents, printed on the opposite page,
will convey an idea of the orderly and truly scientific arrange-
ment of the subjects as they progress from 'Abbreviations
and Conventional Signs' to the 'Logarithmetic Table' and
explanation of its use— the latter division occupying no less
than 27 pages. A representative portion of the index is also
printed. The entire work contains 506 pages, illustrated by
over 600 cuts and diagrams, very many of them full page
drawings; the book is printed on the same fine grade of paper
as are those specimen pages; it measures 8'/_, x 10% inches
and weighs over 3 lbs.; the binding is in black vellum cloth
with gold edges and titles; the volume is made to open freely
and is in every way a most complete up-to-date book both

Car Heating and Lighting

The Safety Car Heating & Lighting Co. has recently issued
a pocket folder map of the United States showing the loca-
tion of the Pintsch gas plants and the railroads securing gas
in the various states. The continued rapid growth of the
system is thus shown graphically. Among the new plants

Straight Port Steam Coupler:

shown are those at Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Altoona and Har-
risburg, which are a part of the seven which the company
is building to take care of the supply of the Pennsylvania
Rd. system, under their adoption of its as standard.

The company equipped 2209 cars with this lighting system
in the United States, in 1903. This was the "banner year"
so far, but orders now in hand indicate that it will be equalled
or probably surpassed by the year 1904. The 2,209 cars are in-
cluded in the annual report of progress made by the Julius
Pintsch Co. of Berlin, Germany, which is as follows:

PEOGRESS IN THE USE OF THE PINTSCH GAS LIGHTING SYSTEM TO
DECEMBER 31, 1903.

Loco- Gas Buoys &

Cars, motives. Works. Beacons.

Germany 45,200 5,583 75 130

Denmark 45 3 21

England . 21,100 87 280

France . ...; 7,500 30 250

Holland 3,700 5 10 90

Italy 1,570 5 20

Switzerland 410 2 1 ...

Austria . , 5,525 .'. ... 10 5

Russia 4,000 132 13 20

Sweden 750 53 4 2

Servia 220 1

Turkey . 120

Bulgaria 98 ..... 1

Egypt 150 3 70

Canada 450 2 195

Brazil 825 31 2 45

Argentine 1,150 ...... 10 5

Chili 50 2 ...

Australia 3,000 ..... 13 40

India 10,500 16

United States 22,243 ' 80 198

•Japan 150 2 20

China : . . l 25

Mexico '. 125 1

Total 128,881 ' 5,806 372 1,426

The Safety Car Heating & Lighting Co. also furnished its
heating equipment for 2,964 cars in 1903. Its attention to the
proper working and care of its apparatus is indicated by a
vest pocket book which it has just issued, entitled "Direc-
tions for Management, and Catechism of Steam Heating Ap-
paratus on Trains." This has been prepared with the great-
est care, as the result of Ions study of practical conditions,
and is intended to aid in Hie thorough instruction of train-
men. The directions relate to the raanagemenl or the steam.
making up trains, regulation of temperature, and changing
of engines. The catechism covers description of apparatus,
operation and care of same, and responsibility of employees.

io4

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904...

There is an examination sheet, for rating the proficiency of
those examined, and it is suggested that instructions and
examinations may be given in the air brake instruction car,
or in the shops if the car is not available. If this practice
is generally adopted by the railroads, as it certainly will be,
great good will result not only to the railroads, but to the
traveling public.

The company's latest style of steam coupler is shown in
our illustration. It was devised to meet the demand for a
2-inch steam train line instead of the 1% in. It is called the
Safety Straight Port Coupler No. 920A. The gasket (921)
bears directly on the body and is held* in position by a spring
ring. The gasket is for 1% in. or 1% in. port as desired, and
is easily renewed when necessary. A large demand for this
coupler indicates that it meets the demand successfully.

Notes of the Month

On March 1, 1904, the Cincinnati office, J. S. Patterson,
resident manager, of the Galena- Signal Oil Company will be
removed to suite 115 Ingalls Building, Fourth and Vine streets,
where they will be pleased to have their friends call.

Mr. H. A. Norton, of the "Norton Jacks," sailed on the
steamship Cauopic January 30th for a iour-months' trip to
.the Mediterranean and Egypt. Mr. Norton on this trip will
combine business with pleasure.

The Wabash Railway has issued a special circular calling
attention to the advantages offered by their road to those
attending the exposition at St. Louis. Included in the circu-
lar is a map of the fair grounds and illustrations of many
of the buildings, also a map of the business district of the
city.

The Washburn Company, of Minneapolis, have issued a
very pomplete catalogue illustrating and describing in detail
their couplers. There is also included a description of the^
"Washburn Expansible Draft Bar", from which we quote in
part. Further information will be gladly furnished by the
Washburn Company: "This attachment includes several new
and important features. In the Washburn rigging the ex-
pansible box is fitted between the draft timbers, and bolts
passed through the whole, making a solid base of resistance
for the draft springs to act on. To make the attachment still
stronger each timber is itself bolted to the box. The expan-
sible feature of the box allows it to be fitted to any car by
placing the suitable expanding strips between the two por-
tions of the box before placing the same between the tim-
bers and by using wider followers."

At a meeting of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, held
Feb. 6th, Mr. John M. Hartman explained the cause of black
smoke and quoted from a report on the use of the Perfection
burner on the New York Central R. R. locomotives, giving
the methods of firing on a test trip. On this trip, when fresb
coal was added, about 95 per cent of the smoke went off
a light grey No. 2 color scale. Another test on the same
railroad shoAved a saving of 12 per cent in fuel. Mr. Hart-
man then proceeded to take up some of the types of mechani-
cal stokers, illustrating by means of slides their construction
and operation and the details of furnace construction. In this
connection he quoted from a report on the use of mechanical
stokers in Pittsburg and Cleveland. The report showed the
stokers to be effective in securing combustion without black
smoke. In Cleveland there has been a marked difference in

the atmosphere in the past four years. Notwithstanding the
doubling of manufactories the atmosphere is only half as
dark as it was.

*-•-*

A special train of seventeen solid cars, known as the
"Texas Special," loaded with the Sherwin-Williams paints
and varnishes, ran from Cleveland, 0., to Fort Worth, Tex.,
February 4-13th. The run was made to Chicago over the
Baltimore & Ohio road; at Chicago the train was taken over
the Rock Island Railway and delivered to the Santa Fe line
at Kansas City, which scheduled it through to Fort Worth.
Only daylight runs were made. Short stops were made at
all stations and the train had right of way the whole trip.
The special was broken up at Fort Worth aud the shipment
distributed among retail handlers of the Sherwin-Williams
Company's paints in the "Lone Star" state. It is understood
that the Texas Special was the largest shipment of paints and
varnishes ever made. Special representatives of the big paint
concern and of the railway companies over whose lines the
trip was made accompanied the train through to its destina-
tion. The shipment was given wide publication. Posters an-
nouncing its arrival were placed. in all the stations en route;
extensive newspaper space was used, and the train itself
was covered with banners explaining the nature of the ship-
ment.

The Ma-rtin Car Heating- Co. has been recently organized,
with offices at 1611 Fisher Bldg., Chicago. Mr. C. W, Martin,
who is widely and favorably known by all interested in the
subject of car heating, is general manager of the company.
They will manufacture under the "Martin" and other patents,
apparatus for heating by steam from the locomotive. Direct
steam, hot water, locomotive equipments; large size inter-
changeable steam couplers, improved steam traps, car heating
valves, all styles,, and also hot water heaters for steam and
.electric cars, highest development of car heating apparatus.

"Koonshine "

The successful and satisfactory cleansing of interior and
exterior woodwork, and also that of the metal work of rail-
way carriages, is a question that is always of interest to the
car departments of railroads. There are a large number of
compounds used for this purpose, but the desired effect, that
of restoring to the painted or polished surface the same lus-
tre and gloss it originally enjoyed, has apparently been the
unsolvable problem. Mr. Charles E. Koons, of St. Louis, has
however, placed upon the market a compound which he
claims produces the desired effect, namely, that of not only
removing from painted or polished woodwork, interior or
exterior, and metal surfaces such as lamps, brass and silver
trimmings, bronze, metal decorations of coaches, all dirt or
grease, but it also has the property of restoring to such sur-
faces the original lustre and polish. This compound is called
Koonshine and is intended particularly for use on railway
carriages. Where its merits have been tested on the painted
»exterior of coaches, soiled with the grime from coal smke
and dust, the results have been all that could be desired; the
compound has cleaned and polished such woodwork to a high
degree, giving the woodwork the appearance of a new coat
of paint. The same results have been obtained from its use
on the highly polished woodwork of the interior of coaches
where varnish has been used to give the piano finish, the
compound cleaning and polishing at the same time.

Koonshine is quickly and easily applied, a cloth saturated
with the oil being used to apply it. The surface is then
wiped off and polished Avith a soft cloth. The product is
manufactured by the St. Louis Surfacer Co., St. Louis.

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

!05

Railroad Paint Shop

Edited by Devoted to the Interest of

CHARLES E-. COPP j&j&j& Master Car and

General Foreman Painter B. (St, M. Ry. Locomotive Painters

Official Organ of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Association.

Advisory Committee Meeting

The advisory committee of the M. C. & L. P. Association
met Feb. 20th in Hotel Lincoln, Pittsburg, Pa. The meeting-
was called to order at 10 a. m. by Chairman J. H. Kahler. All
members of the committee were present— J. H. Kahler, Erie
R. R., Meadville, Pa.; J. W. Houser, Cumberland Valley R. II.,
Chambersburg, Pa.; D. A. Little, Penn. R. R., Altoona, Pa.;
W. 0. Quest, P. & L. E. R. R., McKees Rocks, Pa.; J. A. Gohen,
C. C. C. & St. L. Ry., Indianapolis, Ind.; Robert McKeon,
secretary, Kent, O.

The following visiting members were present: J. P. Stroud,
Allegheny Valley R. R., Verona, Pa.; John Gearhart, Penn.
R. R., Altoona, Pa.; Geo. Heinz, Pitts. Con. Traction Co., Char-
rick, Pa.; D. W. Smith, Pitts., Ft. Wayne & Chi. Ry., Allegheny,
Pa.; B. F. Wynn, Penn. R. R., Pitcain, Pa.; A. R. Lynch, P.
C. C. & St. L. Ry., Dennison, O.; Robert Shove, L. S. & M. S.
R. R., Collinwood, 0.; T. J. Rodabaugh, Pitts., Ft. Wayne &
Chi. Ry., Ft. Wayne, Ind.; J. F. Lanfersick, P. C. C. & St. L. Ry.,
Columbus, 0., and W. S. Burton, foreman car department L. S.
& M. S. R. R., Collinwood, 0.

The following program was arranged for the next annual
meeting :

1. Report of committee on tests.

2. What improvement have we made in the painting of
steel cars in the past year?

3. What is the best material and treatment for locomotive
front ends?

4. What is the best construction of sand blast and method
of operating same in preparing metal for painting?

5. Which is the best method for removing cracked varnish-
on the interior of passenger cars?

6. Passenger car roofs— treatment and attention of same.

7. Paint shop records and accounts.

8. What causes the bulging of putty in the nail holes of
new work?

9. Essay— The treatment of an ideal passenger car from a
painter's view.

The following resolution Avas presented by D. A. Little:

Whereas, A great many protests are being made regarding
the meeting of the N association at Atlantic City because of the
inability of members procuring transportation east of Pitts-
burg; and,

Whereas, Many of the members in the eastern section are
desirous of visiting the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St.
Louis, from which they will be debarred if we meet at At-
lantic City; and,

Whereas, A request was made to the advisory committee
to take some action in the matter; therefore, be it

Resolved, That a postal ballot be taken from every mem-
ber of the association indicating his preference for Indian-
apolis or Atlantic City.

In the event of Indianapolis being designated members east
of that point can get transportation to St. Louis as readily as
Indianapolis and those west can stop en route. This resolution
Avas seconded by W. 0. Quest and was unanimously adopted.
The chairman instructed Secretary McKeon to procure the
ballot as an early date and publish the result in the Master
Mechanic. J. H. Kahler, Chairman.

Robert McKeon, Secy.

The death of Edmund Murphy, for thirty-two years assist-
ant foreman of the Penna. It. R. locomotive paint shop al Al-
toona, Pa., occurred at his home in Altoona, Jan. 19th. Four

years ago Mr. Murphy Avas retired on a pension; and for some
time after this he Avas employed in the paint department of
the Pressed Steel Car Co., Allegheny, Pa. Deceased was 77
years old and is survived by his wife and a married daughter.

The Essentials of a Modern Paint Shop*

BY AV. O. QUEST, MASTER PAINTER, P. & L. E. R. R. CO.

Continued from page 70.

Mr. G. N. Doav: I would like to ask Avhether Mr. Quest's
paper is founded on ideals or on experience.

President: It is founded on experience. And in discus-
sing the paper, I want to say that Mr. Quest has come here
prepared to answer questions, and he will be disappointed if
you do not extract all the information from him. The paper
is noAV open for discussion.

Mr. Quest: I would like to say that I have had shop ideals
all my trade-Avorking life, and I am just now entering on
the realization of one of those ideals, for I believe Ave are
having a first-class paint shop coming on at the Lake Erie
Avorks at McKees Rocks.

President: Mr. Stratton, Avill you give us your experience
on the subject?

Mr. George W. Stratton: In reading this paper, which Avas
forwarded to us before the meeting, and in listening to it to-
night, one is led to believe that it is ideal; that if we could
have such conditions as it expresses we could do splendid
work. But I presume Mr. Stratton has had experience similar
to many others Avho have done their painting on the run, so
to speak. For instance, a car or locomotive may be required
to be done in a Aveek, no matter what kind of a Aveek— and
the painting has to be done as the machine moves along. I
have found that that is very much the way with locomotive
painting, so that some of the finer processes are pretty much
eliminated, such as striping and two coats of varnish, and all
those refinements Avhich we have enjoyed in the past. It is
within my recollection that when a locomotive was repaired
—and it did not make much difference how much time was
taken — when it was done it went into the hands of the paint-
ers and they began to put on their multitudinous colors,
fillers and stripes, etc., and Avhen they got a good surface,
the boss Avould sit down and paint pictures upon the large
Avheel covers that used to come between the main and back
drivers. And I remember seeing, in Avar times, a beautiful
locomotive Avith a picture of Point of Rocks in Virginia, and
Harper's Ferry, on opposite Avheel covers, and the panels of
the cab beautifully decorated. And when the locomotive Avas
done, which was not a matter of very definite time, it would
go out and be a thing of beauty. Nowadays, Avhen a locomo-
tive has to go into the shop and be repaired and turned out
again in two Aveeks, you have to step down from that high
estate.

But willi (he engines nowadays, my experience being more
with engines, no matter what kind of a finish you get, it
does not show long. The "wiper" we used to have is a rare
member of the railroad fraternity. And when the engine is
ready to come into the Shop again, it is pretty Avell covered
with something very foreign to paint.

In regard to this equipment you speak of, the sand blast

*.\ paper read before (he Pittsburg Railway Club. Mr.
Quest's paper was published in the February issue and dis-
cussion of the paper is published in this issue.

io6

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March, 1904.

and washing with acids, etc., it seems to nie they are fast
passing away. I remember when we used sand stones and
emery stones, etc., and the best we could do in endeavoring
to remove the blue and brown oxide from the steel plates
was of little account. But when we began to use paints that
experience taught us would stick, these methods were not
necessary. And in the experience at Altoona shops, when we
were using these paint eradicators, of all tenders going into
the shop, 90 per cent of the cisterns would have to be com-
pletely scraped, and the cracked and blistered paint taken
off by thorough cleaning and scraping. At the present time
not five per cent of the tenders require scraping because of
any cracking or blistering.

In regard to the modern paint shop, I believe that we
would all like to have it arranged so. that Ave would get only
northern light, and then having a. sort of saw-totoh roof and
no direct light it would be ideal. I have known where sun-
light coming into a window and striking a cistern would
blister it; also where a blast of hot air from an over-heated
heating system would blister the paint— and the man who
happened to work just where the air struck would suffer
from the hot blast. But this matter of filler and surfacer,
with which I presume all of us have had a great deal of
experience, has so developed that with us there is less than
five per cent of the tenders that come in that require the
cistern to be scraped.

Lead is one of the best materials to put on and will last
without cracking when we do not have the opportunity of
putting on much varnish. We used to think two or more
coats of varnish would protect' the paint, but now we find
that the paint will stick with one coat of varnish— glad to
get that on without having water or smoke spoil it.

Mr. Quest: Did I understand Mr. Stratton to say that
the sand blast was not efficient in eradicating old paint, rust
or scale, and that the idea is a past method for the purpose
of cleaning iron and steel plate? In reply to the gentleman,
I would like to submit for your inspection the following
work brought with me for the occasion.

Here is a piece of steel plate, with a 12-inch square of it
cleaned by hand with broken emery in four minutes, here is
another plate of the same si2e and condition cleaned by the
sand blast in 30 seconds; here is also a large piece of old
tank iron with years of old paint accumulation on it, from
a square foot of which we have thoroughly removed all paint,
flash, scale and rust in 55 seconds, leaving an ideal surface
to receive paint.

•Mr. Stratton: Probably I should not have said that it
would not do it; what I meant to say is that there is no use
in doing it. Probably it is within the recollection of some of
you that when we used to sharpen files with a sand blast,
holding the files between two tubes, it did not leave the teeth
as good as originally, but it sharpened the file. That is, if
you would hold it between the sand blasts and let it cut a
sufficient length of time, it would sharpen the teeth, and if
you would hold it there long enough, it would bore a hole
clear through the file. The same is the case in engraving a
design on glass. If you turn the sand blast on any metal it
will cut it away, and it will remove anything that is on it.
But what I say is, that it is labor lost. If we get on the right
materials, they will stick and not crack nor blister, and not
need scraping off after a year or more of service. I just in-
tended to say that there is no need now of such preliminary
preparations for painting.

President Turner: Mr. Dow, you have recently moved into
one of the largest and one of the best paint shops in the coun-
try. Will you say what is to prevent reaching the ideal con-
ditions as represented by Mr. Quest?

Mr. G. N. Dow: I think Mr. Quest is on the right track. I
think he has the right idea of an ideal shop, and if carried
out that way he will have one of the best shops in the United

States or in the world. His view of heating the shop is supe-
rior to the way we heat ours. I think the heat should come
from the ground up. Ours is just the reverse it is from the
eaves down. I think Mr. Quest is right and you will get bet-
ter results the way he indicates. And I do not know that I
could criticise Mr. Quest on shop lay-out in any way, shape or
manner. Of course, others do not know where he got his ideas.
I think he got them from our shop. (Laughter.)

Mr. R. V. Wright: Mr. Quest has presented such an able
paper and is doubtless so Avell prepared to back it up that in-
experienced in such matters as I am, I would hesitate to
criticise anything he says. However, the request was made
that we ask any questions we liked in order to draAV Mr.
Quest out. It is stated on page 5 that the paint shop should
be as near the car shop as possible. Now I have always been
led to believe that of all the shop buildings fire is more liable
to originate in the paint shop than in any of the others, and
also that the car shops are liable to take fire without much
provocation. It seems to me that this should be modified and
instead of saying the paint shop should be placed as near as
possible to the car shop; say it should be as near as possible
and yet be at such a distance that there will be no langer of
fire.

On the same page it is said that the shop should be large
ger equipment. This would indicate that the entire passenger
enough to accommodate monthly ten per cent of the passen-
equipment would have to be painted each year. I would like
to ask if it is absolutely necessary to revarnish the entire pas-
senger equipment each year.

On the matter of light we are told that the side windoAvs
should come as low as 36 inches from the floor. In a shop
which is laid out longitudinally the only cars which Avould
benefit by this construction would be those on the tracks
nearest the windoAvs, and you Avould probably get a better
light than you need on these cars, whereas the cars along the
' middle tracks would get no more light than otherwise. It
would appear that 36 inches is unnecessarily low.

Concerning the sand blast cleaning. There Avould seem
to be no doubt from what Mr. Quest has shown us that the
sand blast machine is a labor-saving device and that a con-
siderable saving can be made by its use. In order to bring
out this point more fully I should like to ask Avhether in a
surface cleaned by sand blast and covered with paint, the
paint will not endure longer than on one cleaned by hand. It
Avould seem to me that the life of the paint ought to be in-
creased at least fifty per cent.

Mr.. Quest: In reply to the gentleman's first question, as
to why I want the paint shop and car building shop close to-
gether. I stated pretty plainly that it is on account of the
distance in traA r eling to and from; that the arrangement was
a matter of convenience, also of economy.

I do not think the matter of greater fire risk should be
seriously considered. Of course it is true, that as a rule all
authorities, also insurance people,' usually blame all paint shop
fires, either on carelessness or on spontaneous combustion, on
account of the inflammable nature of materials handled in the
^business.

As to the 36-inch high window sills, it seems to me that
the Ioav window will radiate a lower and more uniform light
on the center lines of work, regardless of position. It is true,
you have only got the skylight for middle lines of shopped
cars. The gentleman may be right on the high AvindoAV sill,
but in my mind it is a matter of doubt. Now, as to sand
blast cleaning question, I will say the sand blast leaves the
iron and steel surface in a perfect condition for working
upon, and that so far as the life of the paint is concerned
you can guarantee just twice as much service durability as
you can Avhere the surface is not scaled off Avith the sand
blast. If you critically examine the hurried Avorked turned
out of the contract shops, where they pay no attention

March, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

107

whatever to scale cleaning, you can readily see the difference
in a few months time.

Mr. G. W. Stratton: I hope I may not be considered too
wordy in this business, but years ago the painting and scal-
ing of paint was a very serious trouble. As I stated, prob-
ably 95 per cent of all the tenders that came in to be paint-
ed required the paint to be removed and the painting started
from the metal up. Our method for getting rid of the paint
was, to fill the cistern with steam, which would heat the
metal to such an extent that with a chisel— which was usu-
ally a file sharpened to a chisel edge— one could peel the paint
off easily, making quite a quick operation. When repainted,
it would look very nice in the beginning, but after a while it
would crack, and that led us to use the sand blast, and that
sort of scouring seemed to improve the surface of the steel
or iron. But, as I said, improved methods and materials in
this day rendered sand blasts and scraping unnecessary to
remove the paint that is on the cistern, in 95 per cent of
cases. When cisterns have been scored in places the dam-
aged places can be easily filled with a surfacer and when
smoothed up and a few of the finishing coats put on, will
look well again. But I think no amount of scouring will
make a plate last without cracking, through a period of five
or six years.

President: It is the rule over the country to revarnish
cars once a year. Cars are taken in because they have lost
their lustre, and if not revarnished the body color will suffer.
Can anything be done in the way of improved shop facilities
or better materials to make these cars last 18 months in-
stead of 12?

Mr. Quest: That would be rather a hard question to an-
swer under present shop conditions. If you could go back to
the old times when we used to keep a car in the shop two or
three months and use a varnish that would take three days to
dry, you might get an 18 or 20 months' average. But to put
on what we call an eight-hour free of dirt varnish, you can
hardly expect that to last over a year. I suppose it is within
the recollection of Mr. Stratton when it took a great deal
longer to paint a locomotive than now. Up in Altoona under
his administration I remember distinctly when they were sur-
faced and rubbed out and then taken "up the hill" and
brought back after being thoroughly tested before they were
finished.
Mr. Stratton: That is right. Time was not an object then.
Mr. Quest: If you have a wearing varnish that will dry
slowly you must have, more oil in it and less gum. Accord-
ing to varnish makers lore, the more oil the more elasticity,
and the more elasticity the longer it will wear. I believe the
usual coach and engine wearing varnish of to-day is expected
to set free of dust in eight hours or less, which as a rule is
very briniant. also reasonably durable.

Mr. G. N. Dow: I think the car can be kept up with the
present varnish by giving it a thorough cleaning once every
three months with a good emulsion cleaner. I know it has
been proved on. several railroads where this practice is in
force that a car can be used eighteen months between var-
nishing. We have had cars run eighteen months and look as
well as some cars that were only out eight or ten that have
not been cleaned.

Mr. F. H. Stark: I believe that this is a very able paper,
and from one not a Painter it would come with very poor
grace to do much criticising, or to even ask questions, but
there is the question, however, of utilizing the painter force
in the summer months on freight cars. Usually the artists in
the Coach Shop object to painting freight cars. The force of
coach washers might be used to paint freight cars, but there
is a certain percentage of coach shop help that could hardly
be used on that work. Of course there is a certain amount
of baggage and mail equipment that could be run through in
the excursion season, and in that way keep the paint shop

employed a part of the time. If they would allow us to take
cabooses in, and paint and varnish them we could keep the
shop busy a great deal longer.

On the question of heat I believe Mr. Quest is on the right
road. I was with a road at one time where we had a system
of heating with hot air coming down from some twelve or
fifteen feet from the floor. It stirred up dust, and did more
or less damage. At another place we had steam heat, and it
was near the floor and it gave very good satisfaction, and we
found that a concrete floor was far better than a wooden
floor. The wooden floor absorbed moisture, and kept the
room damp, and we found that varnish would dry nearly a
day quicker on the concrete floor.

On the question of the sand blast, I think we have good
evidence. I remember when we used to plaster the tank with
lime and work down the surface with pumice stone, and it
was a very laborious and long process; while the sand blast
does it better in a very short time.

Mr. Quest: We are cleaning tanks in 6% and 7 hours in the
Lake Erie locomotive painting department. In answer to Mr.
Stark on the working force question, I do not think the
artists of the shop would object, if they knew they had to
lie idle for two or three months otherwise; I think that mat-
ter could be managed by employing the skilled labor on the
stencilling on of lettering, etc., which could be done on a fair
piece price basis, even though you had your shop running on
day work the balance of the year.

As for having the heat coming down in shop from ten or
twelve feet up, it reminds me of an incident related by an
esteemed fellow associate at a recent car Painters' Conven-
tion, where the matter of shop heating and ventilating was
under general discussion, who in speaking, referred to his
expei'ience while in the cold northern country, which was to
the effect that one day as they were trying to keep the shop
warm, in came an Irishman. He looked around and could
not see any stove, though he felt the cold draft, and he asked
one of the employes of the shop where he could get warm.
He said: "Just stand where you are, it is all right. The
heat is coming out from up there. That is all the heat we
have." He says: "Who got that thing up?" "Why, that is a
scientific heating arrangement." "It is, is it? Well, I wish
you would call that Mr. Scientific fellow up and ask him why
it is my fur cap won't keep my feet warm." (Laughter.)

Mr. G. N. Dow: I would like to state that the Lake Shore
is taking to the policy of examining cars that have been out
a year. We send a man out and give him the numbers of the
cars that have been out twelve months and he examines
those cars and reports to the office whether they should be
shopped or not, or whether they are good for one or three
months' longer service. It takes a man about a week to ex-
amine cars on the list.
Mr. Quest: Do you use a painter for that business?
Mr. Dow: He is a car man, but is familiar with paints. A
painter is not the right man to send. And oftentimes he finds
other defects that require a car to be shopped other than
need of varnish.

Mr. G. E. Carson: We are following that system at the
present time and we find on one of our divisions that it is out
of the question to keep cars in service longer than six months.
Mr. Quest: You refer to the cars recently shopped off the
Youghiogheny division, which were brought in and emulsion
cleaned, on account of varnished surface being almost entire-
ly obscured by dirt, grease and smoke.

Mr. G. W. Stratton: On the Pennsylvania at one time,
there was quite a complsiint of varnish not doing well, but it
was only an occasional car that was bad. ("I would state
that it is the practice of the Pennsylvania to apportion shops
to different varnish makers.'") Well, we had to look up the
samples of varnish, and in the mechanical laboratory they
were examined to see how much good copal they might have

io8

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

March.

1904.

in them, and the varnishes generally were found to be good.
Then a person started out to see what kind of soap they used
in washing their cars, and we found that the soap that was
used at the points where the cars deteriorated faster, con-
tained quite an amount of uncombined alkali, while the soap
used where the varnish lasted better Avas fully combined or
saponified. That led to the making of specifications for soap
that there should be less than one-half of one per cent of un-
combined alkali in the soap. And, also a core was taken out
of the soap an inch in diameter and two inches long, which
had to support a given weight a given length of time, which
would prove whether it contained too much water.

Mr. J. D. Mcllwain: Do not climatic conditions have a great
deal to do with the life of paint?

Mr. Quest: It is generally conceded that climatic condi-
tions do have a great deal to do with it. The material you
use here in this section, in all probability would not be fit
to use in Arizona, nor would it last long down along the
coast, or in the extreme hot and cold sections of our country.
I remember distinctly a few years ago we had a series of
panel tests, which were gotten up in one section and then
sent out all over the country, centrally, East, West, North
and South for exposure. At the expiration of two years
these panels were called in and examined at a railway car
painters' convention, where it was discovered that where
the paint did well in some sections, it went all to pieces in
other sections, showing conclusively that climatic influence
has something to do in the wearing of paint and varnish.

Mr. Mcllwain: In clearing with sand blast, after this clean-
ing is done, or the scraping or burning off, which takes the
longest to complete the tender ready for service afterwards?

Mr. Quest: The sand blast is decidedly the quickest and
cheapest cleaning method, but after the cleaning there is
practically no difference. We usually require ten days' time
for a new painted locomotive, but also have a five-day sys-
tem on the more hurried new work.

Notes and Comments

Mr. A. J. Winchell, formerly with the American Car and
Foundry Co., has been appointed Foreman Painter of the St.
Louis Car Co., at St. Louis.

Pending the appointment of Foreman Painter at the Lima,
Ohio, shops of the Lake Erie & Western R. R., vice Geo. Paulus
resigned, Mr. 0. S. Diling is acting foreman, we are informed.

. ' Mr. C. I. Eagle, Foreman Painter, has severed his connection
with the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western at the Scranton
shop on the staff of Mra. B. E. Miller. Master Painter, and
has accepted service with the Wabash Ry. at the Decatur, 111.,
shops, for the present. His address will be care Wabash Ry.
Shops, Decatur, 111.

We learn tbat during the last week in January the paint
and upholstery shops of the Delaware & Hudson railroad, at
Green Island, Troy, N. Y., were destroyed by fire, together
with thirteen cars, aggregating a loss of some $80,000. It is
rumored that the shops will not be rebuilt. Mr. A. Bush was
Foreman Painter at this point. The cause of the fire is not
given.

A special from Scranton, Pa., to the Philadelphia North
American, under date of Feb. 16th, says: "The D., L. & W.
Railroad's paint shop on South Washington avenue was de-
stroyed by fire today, together with a dining car, six vesti-
bule passenger cars, one milk car and, eight freight cars. Two
passenger cars outside the shop were damaged. Loss nearly
$100,000. Three workmen, Patrick Walsh, Wm. Easterbrook
and John Tschow, were badly burned. The fire was caused

by a workman who was burning paint from an old car with
a gasoline torch." The above must be our esteemed asso-
ciate, Ben. E. Miller's shop. Mr. Easterbrook is assistant fore-
man painter, we are informed.

The sympathy of the many friends of Mr. Augustus Dow-
dell, of Valentine & Co., will go out to him in his great be-
reavement. Mrs. Dowdell died Feb, 11th, the funeral occur-
ring at the home in Philadelphia, Monday, the 15th. She was
ill but a week, having contracted a cold which developed into
pneumonia while nursing her sick son. She was a direct de-
scendant of Nicholas Van Dusen, who was a pioneer ship
builder in that city on the Delaware river, whose yard em-
braced the land whereon Avas the elm tree under which Wil-
liam Penn made his treaty with the Indians; also of Col. John
Hewson, renowed for bravery and patriotism in revolutionary
days, and was a woman of inestimable worth and beloved by
all AA r ho knew her.

We note in the Boston Globe, Feb. 12, that Mr. and Mrs. R.
T. Beazley observed their golden wedding the previous even-
ing at 25 Rutland Square, and clip the following paragraph
from the account: "As residents of Waterville, Me., their
former home, Mr. and Mrs. Beazley were well and favorably
known. Mr. Beazley was for 15 years master car painter of
the Maine Central railroad and Avas one of the first ten who
met and organized the Master Car Painters' Association of
America.- Mr. Beazley is a veteran of the civil war, a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, and a Knight Templar."

We believe in more recent days Mr. Beazley had been em-
ployed by the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn narroAv gauge
road. We had lost track of him. It was some thirty years
ago that he was with the Maine Central.

The latest and most wonderful heat producer invented for
developing high temperatures is called thermit. Don't breathe
while we say that it is an "aluminothermic" compound— that
is to say, formed by the combination of oxygen and alumi-
num. The immense heat generated by this combination is
utilized in welding great bodies "while you wait," without
the necessity of taking them apart and carting them to the
foundry. For instance, , the great German ocean liner Sevilla
recently broke her stern post at sea. It was easily welded
in the dry dock by the use of thermit, whereas formerly the
after part of the ship would have been taken to pieces and
the welding then done. Thermit is one of the wonders of the
age. It will save untold expense to steamship and railway
companies, and will weld anything short of a broken heart.—
Recent editorial, Boston Globe.

It is too often the case as men grow old, that their ambi-
tion and enterprise diminish, and it is a pleasant surprise to
see the reverse of this occasionally. In Warner Bailey's
office, at Concord, N. H, yesterday, Feb. 18, Ave noticed a num-
ber of fine panel pictures he had painted in spare hours, lately,
that would grace any man's parlor mantel. Always a fine
scroll and ornamental painter he has of late, being around
seventy years of age, taken up picture painting for his own
amusement. "Guess if I had started at this 50 years ago 1
might haA r e been quite a success," said he. Concord is the
birthplace of the "old home week" idea, so he has tastily
decorated some shingles, being planed for the purpose, Avith
clover blossoms and a sketch of "the old house at home," and
otherwise suitably inscribed as soiwenirs, on which is the
following suggestive lines:

"To gaze once more on old-time scenes,
, Well I recall my- boyhood days,

When mother used the shingle."

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

109

Established 1878.

RAILWAY
MASTER
MECHANIC

Bruce V. Crandall, Publisher Charles S. Myers, Manager.
Maham H. Haig, Editor

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305 Dearborn Street.

TELEPHONE, HARRISON 3357.

Eastern Office: Room 716, 132 Nassau St., New York City.

Entered at the Post Office in Chicago as Second-Class Matter

A Monthly Railway Journal.

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equip-
ment, shops, machinery and supplies.

Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are
solicited.

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free of postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates
given on application to the office, by mail or in person.

In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Oran-
dall Company.

Vol. XXVIII.

CHICAGO, APRIL, 1904.

No. 4.

AMOVE in the right direction which has come to
our notice is in the systematic attention to the
proper care of locomotive boilers, both in the roundhouse
and on the road. A certain line which we have in mind
some time ago began a careful investigation of the effect
produced on boilers by the care exerted in and around
the roundhouse. They obtained such satisfactory results
that the management was encouraged to further their
efforts by a close scrutiny of boilers on the road. Progress
in the proper care of the boilers was begun by improving
washouts at the several roundhouses, and when found
necessary to cool a boiler for any purpose, all possible
time was insisted upon to permit it to cool down slowly.
With these reforms in view a special man was appointed
to look after this work and follow it closely. Results were
so satisfactory that he now holds classes in the several
roundhouses, giving instructions on the care of boilers
in the same manner that various roads provide for in-
struction on air brake matters. His work has been so
carefully administered and his subject so thoroughly
analyzed and systematized that he can now satisfactorily
handle a large number of men each day.

The work .at terminals has been supplemented by sim-
ilar attention to boiler performance on the road. The plan
includes the education of the enginemen in the most judi-
cious use of the blower, fire, fire door and injector. Here,
too, no little success is being attained. The road fore-
men are called together at intervals, when they are given
subjects to think over and points are suggested for their
observation and for the guidance of the enginemen.
From the resultant discussions and inquiries many inter-
esting features about boilers are brought out, suggesting
ideas which can be followed to the betterment of past
practice. When any favorable information is in this
manner acquired, the practice involved is closely followed,
with a view of obtaining the best possible results.

IN line with the continued consideration of locomo-
tive boilers wherein much attention has been
given to the matter of circulation and the provision
of free water spacing, little or nothing appears to have
been said regarding the effect resulting from the shape
of the water leg, or rather the angle on which it is
arranged. Where the sheets forming the water leg
are arranged on a decided slope the tendency is for
the steam leaving the firebox side sheet to rise ver-
tically until it encounters the outside, or wagon top,
sheet, following the same until it reaches the upper
portion of the boiler, the result being a con-
tinued upper current throughout the entire portion of
the water legs tending to induce an upward current of
entering water and impeding any flow in a horizontal
direction, or parllel with the mud ring. If, on the
other hand, the leg is vertical, or nearly so, the steam
rising from some portions of the side sheet is free to
rise unimpeded until it reaches the wider portion of
the boiler above the level of tffe crown sheet, and
steam rising from the lower portion of the side sheet
does not encounter the outside sheet until it arrives
nearly at the top of the leg. With this condition an
opportunity is provided for water to flow unobstructed
from the belly of the boiler and from the front water
leg to the lower portion of the side and back spaces
without meeting a strong current to induce it upward
until the water is converted into steam by the heat
encountered, when other water will flow in to take
the place of that evaporated. The same assumption
applies as well to the back water leg and appears as
an argument against the continued design of back
heads with a decided forward rake.

While discussing these ideas with mechanical men,
the plan was suggested of tapering the water leg, in
the horizontal plane, making the side members of the
mud ring, say, 7 or 8 inches wide at the throat, taper-
ing to 3 inches at the back. This would permit a free
flow of water entering the legs and assist circulation
around the firebox. While such a design might ap-
pear as a "freak" idea on first sight, it is not imprac-
tical. The taper form would not destroy any more
cab room and a slight advantage would be gained in
throwing a portion of the boiler weight further for-
ward.

IN our last issue we mentioned a gathering of railroad
storekeepers in Chicago, the outcome of which is the
organization of the "Railway Storekeepers' Association."
This is a move in the right direction and one that should
receive the hearty co-operation of all railroad companies
throughout the country. It is only within the last few
years that the stores department has been afforded the
prominence which it deserves, and which its usefulness
justifies. The title "general storekeeper" is a compara-
tively new one to many roads, and it is particularly com-
mendable that these men should organize almost at once
for an interchange of ideas among the stores department

TIO

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

of the several railroads, and institute an association by
which the members may consider and agree upon the most
efficient methods of handling and distributing supplies,
and contribute to a practical and intelligent administra-
tion of the department. The membership will consist 'of

general to the stores department. Of particular sig-
nificance with regard to the benefit derived from an
exchange of ideas and the value of a well-organized
and administered stores department, are the words of
Mr. W. R. Ormsby, general storekeeper of the South-

all officers whose duty it may be to purchase, disburse or e rn Pacific Railway, on page 58 of our February issue,
direct the disbursement of material for railways. +—+ <

The discussion and investigation of the most econom-
ical and practical methods of providing, distributing and
accounting for material and supplies, presents a wide field.
By a careful consideration of the experience of the several
members, and by a free exchange of ideas it is possible
to arrive at conclusions by J
which supplies may be so
safeguarded as to con-
tribute to a more satisfac-
tory balance sheet. As
railroads are dependent al-
most as much upon ielative
savings as upon traffic to
produce dividends, it natur-
ally follows that a thor-
oughly organized and effi-
ciently administered de-
partment accounting for
the proper use and disposi-
tion of stores and supplies
will make itself felt by the
effect upon revenues.

The storekeeper's de-
partment differs very ma-
terially from the other de-
partments in the multitude
and variety of the material
which comes under its
jurisdiction. The store-
keeper's duties consist no-t
in the careful handling of
a few large things, but
rather in the detailed
watchfulness of the many
small things which, indivi-
dually considered amount
to very little, but in the ag-
gregate constitute a ma-
terial factor

Not only is

Mr. Samuel Higgins.

general, manager of the new york, new
haven & hartford ry.

there the new material to
be taken care of, but second
hand material and even |-
scrap. Through this department is sifted what might be
termed the refuse of the railways, and here again the
strict attention to detail, and to the little things, count in
a very great saving to the, company. It is not always
the question what to save but what to save it for and
how to use to best advantage.

It is with peculiar interest that the Railway Master
Mechanic refers to this organization, inasmuch as we
have presented in recent issues communications from
several general storekeepers which, though bearing
more directly upon the disposition of scrap, refer in

Mr. Higgins entered railroad service in 1881 with the New York, Lake Erie &
Western, serving successively as machinist apprentice, machinist, assistant
foreman, and general foreman in the Susquehanna shop. He was for two years
assistant engineer of the motive power department, division master mechanic
from 1887 to 1892, and assistant superintendent of motive power to Feb. 1st, 1894,
when he was appointed superintendent of motive power of the Lehigh Valley.
On April 1st, 1901, he became superintendent of motive power and machinery of
the Union Paeific, accepting the appointment of mechanical superintendent of
the Southern Railway, June, 1902, which position he now leaves for his recent
appointment on the N. Y., N. H. & H. Railway. It is with no little pride that
the Railway Master Mechanic announces the appointment of a man trained
in the motive power department to fill the position of General Manager.

IT is to be regretted that the able paper by Prof.
W. F. M. Goss concerning the technical graduate
and the machinery department of railroads was pre-
sented before so few railway mechanical officials as
were assembled at the March meeting of the Western

"Railway Club when the
paper was discussed. But
a single motive power offi-
cer entered into the dis-
cussion, while a large ma-
jority of those before
whom the paper was read
were supply men. This
suggests the opinion that
the roads are no longer
interested in training tech-
nical men in the practical
side of the machinery de-
partment, or that so much
has already been presented
on this subject that the
representatives no longer
care to discuss it.

Far from making a plea
that a "bed of roses" be
provided for the graduate,
Prof. Goss urged that
some opportunity of pro-
motion should be held out
to the young man who
spends several years in ac-
tual contact with the prac-
tical details of the motive
power department. While
in the shop the treatment
of the graduate is that of
a ■ workman and there he
familiarizes himself with
methods of doing work as
well as with the character
of the men employed, de-
veloping a foundation for

his own ability in a manner which it is impossible
to acquire elsewhere. Inasmuch as other fields offer
an attractive future for the technical graduate, but a
limited number enter railroad motive power work,
and if the roads desire this number increased it is only
logical that an ambitious man should be given to
understand that there is a goal ahead of him which will
induce him to put forth his best efforts.

On another page of this issue we present Prof. Goss'
paper in abstract.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Electric Wiring of Machine Tools

By O. W. Bodler

HE introduction of the motor drive for the
I machine shop has brought forward the

problem of wiring machine tools. Very
little attention is usually given to' this part
of the installation, with the result that
wires are continually torn down and in the
way.

The aim of this article is to show the way
of determining the size of the wire, and
some neat and compact forms of wiring, without regard
to whether any one of the two, three or four wire sys-
tems is the best.

The number of amperes per horse power depends
upon the voltage used. As 746 watts are equal to' one
horse power, this can easily be determined by dividing
746 by the voltage.

The size of the wire for direct current is easily deter-
mined by the formula —

2XlXkXa

c m = circular mills.

1 — length of wire.

k = constant = 10.8.

A = amperes.

v = drop of voltage in volts.
The nearest commercial size to the c. m. thus found
should then be used, care being taken that the amperes
per wire thus found is not greater than that allowed
by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. A copy
of their table is given herewith. Also no wire should
be used less than a No. 14.

TABLE OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF WIRES

Table A. Table B.

Rubber-Cov'r'd Weatherproof

Wires. Wires.

B. & S. G. Amperes. Amperes. Circular Mills.

18.

16.
14.
12.
10.

5-
4-

1 .

00.

000.

12.

17-
24.

33-
46.

54-
65.
76.
90.
107.

5 ••• 1,624

8 2,583

16 4,107

23-
32.
46.

65-

6,53o
10,380
16,510
26,250

77 33,ioo

.... 92 41,740

.... no 52,630

.... 131 66,370

.... 156 83,690

127 185 105,500

150 220 133,100

177 262 167,800

OOOO 2IO 312 2TI,600

The above formula has been thoroughly tested in serv-
ice and found to be accurate. The usual drop of voltage

Fig. 1 — Showing Tablet Board with Wires Run in
Loricated Pipes.

allowable is 5 per cent from the switch board to the
average distance of the machines.

There are two ways of distributing the current for the
machines. One is the tree system and the other the
tablet board system. These are graphically illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5.

With the tree system the wires come from the switch-
board and are tapped off for every machine. The wire
has to be fused whenever the size changes, or where a
wire is tapped in. When there are only a few motors,
this works out very well, but when there are a large
number of motors it makes a very complicated arrange-
ment. It is usually the practice to have the heavy feed-
ers in the roof trusses and if a fuse burns out it is hard
to replace it.

Fig. 2— Pond Frame Planer Direct Connected to a

20 II. P. Constant Speed Crocker-Wheeler

Motor.

112

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

In the tablet board system, which is by far the better
system, the feeders from the swichboard run to a dis-
tribution board located at about the electrical center of
gravity. From this, smaller feeders run to tablet boards,
which are located so as to get a convenient number of
machines, preferably not less than four. From the tablet
board the wires run directly to the machines. The dis-
tribution and tablet board are equipped with fuses, which
makes them very convenient to get at.

With the tablet board system one gets practically the
same voltage for all the motors. Besides this it simplifies
the wiring and is but very little, if any, more expensive
than the tree system.

When machines are far apart, good results can be
obtained by using a combination of the two systems.
In this case the feeders are run to a distribution board
and from there follow the tree system.

For variable speed machines, as lathes, planers, etc.,
a load factor of 30 per cent can be allowed on the main
feeders. The size of the wires from the tablet board to
the distribution board is determineod by .taking the maxi-
mum capacity of the largest motor and half the capacity *
of the sum of the rest. The size of the feeders for the
distribution board is determined by taking 30 per cent
of the total capacity of the motors on the board. Blowers
and machines running constantly under full load should
be carried back to the switchboard for their full capacity.

In running wires in the shops they should always be
placed out of the way of everything. A very good ar-
rangement is to run them in loricated pipe along the
walls, posts, or under the floor. All the wiring around
machines should be in loricated pipe for protection. All

Feeder Fuse Fuse

Fig. 3 — Four Side Timber Dresser Direct Connected
to 15 H. P. Constant Speed Crocker-
Wheeler Motor.

the wires for one machine can be carried in one pipe by
using rubber covered wire.

This same system of tablet board wiring can be ap-
plied to lighting. Where machines equipped with direct
connected motors are under cranes, the light can be taken
off of the power circuit. This has given very good re-
sults in service. . .

Fig. 1 is an illustration of a tablet board where all
the wires are run in loricated pipe. On the left it shows
a pipe passing below the floor for a machine. In this
case the circuit breaker for the machine is placed on the
wall.

When small lighting wires are run in the countershaft
supports of machines, they should be placed in moulding
Fuse

Tool

Tool.

STRIBUTING El

[VEN

tc 4 — Tree System of Di
Tablet

BoAF(D

ECTRIC

Wires to Motor Dr

VIachine Tools.

TABLET
BOARO

Q
S 1

Tool.

Tool

;

tooz.

Tool

— »

Tool

'do*.

Tool

l3oa/^d

OOL

Tool

OOL

Tool

Tablet Tablet

Fig. 5 — Tablet Board System of Distributing Electric Wires to Motor Driven Machine Tools.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

113

Fig. 6 — Newton Plane Milling Machine Direct

Connected to a 20 H. P. Multiple Voltage

Crocker-Wheeler Motor.

to insure against oilers and repair men tearing them
down.

Heavy feeders should always be equipped with turn-
buckles and strain insulators, when making turn to take
up the slack.

The starter and switches of individual drive machines
should always be placed at least as convenient for the
operator as a belt shifter. On lathes this can be placed
on the tool carriage, but on machines where this is im-
possible they should be placed on brackets on the floor
convenient for the operator.

Circuit breakers on machines are a great safety to the
motor and machine, besides saving a large number of
fuses.

Fig. 6 is a No. 4 Newton plane milling machine direct
connected to a 20 horse-power multiple voltage Crocker-
Wheeler motor. The feed wire comes up from under the
floor in a pipe to the left of the controller to the switch.
From the switch the wire passes into the controller, which
is connected with the resistance and motor on top of the

machine. The circuit breaker being connected in the
armature circuit.

Fig. 7 is a No. 2 Lenox rotary bevel shear direct con-
nected to a 10 horse-power multiple voltage Crocker-
Wheeler motor. In this case the wire is placed in mould-
ing on the wall and then passes under the floor in pipe
to the controller. The switch is placed on the back of
the controller and the resistance and circuit breaker on
the wall. This also shows the application of an electric
light on the power circuit.

Fig. 3 is a four side timber dresser direct connected
to a 50 horse-power constant speed Crocker- Wheeler
motor. The motor is on the right of the machine while
the switch and starter are on a bracket on the left. The
wire is run in pipe from the tablet board to the machine.

Fig. 2 is a 54 inch by 54 inch by 32 foot Pond frame
planer direct connected to a 20 horse-power constant

Fig. 7 — Lennox Rotary Bevel Shear Direct Con-
nected to 10 H. P. Multiple Voltage Crocker-
Wheeler Motor.

speed Crocker- Wheeler motor. The motor is located on
top of the machine and the switch and starter are on a
bracket on the floor convenient for the operator. The
wire is all run under the floor in pipes.

Air-Brake Hose Testing Apparatus— N. & W. Ry.

IN view of the expense to which the Norfolk & West-
ern Railway has been placed in supplying air brake
hose, devices for thoroughly testing this material have
been- designed by the motive power department, and it is
found by careful testing that the efficiency of the material
may be thoroughly determined before being placed in
service. The illustrations which we present herewith
show the device for the bursting test to the right of
Fig. 1 and the apparatus for the buckling test to the left
of the same figure. Another view of the buckling test
machine is shown by Fig. 2. The latter machine is de-
vised to reproduce, as far as possible, the vibration or

buckling to which hose is subjected on the road. It is
operated by a pulley driven by a belt from a counter shaft
above. On the shaft of this pulley is a crank for giving
motion to a vibrating arm. The illustrations show very
clearly the manner in which the hose is attached at one
end to a point on the table connected with the air supply
pipe, and on the other end to a vibrating arm. In order
to save time in placing and removing the hose, unions are
so arranged that the hose may be held securely by a lever
clamp. A constant pressure of air is maintained in the
hose by using a standard Westinghouse signal line re-
ducing valve, and it is found that the best results are oh-

114

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

tained by fifteen pounds pressure. In the union between
the reducing- valve and the hose is a copper diaphragm
in which is located a small hole of about one one-hun-
dredth of an inch in diameter. This is provided to reduce
the flow of air into the hose so that when the hose is suffi-
ciently worn by the buckling action to allow the escape of
air it cannot be supplied fast enough to maintain pres-
sure therein. In order to announce a break and
consequent leak in the hose, a whistle is attached to the
end of the vibrating arm, as shown in the illustrations,
and connected to the upper end of the hose. Air is main-
tained in the hose and kept from leaking through to the
'whistle by a plain bevel seat valve, which is held closed
by pressure of the air. On the opposite side is a spring
to unseat the valve, which is set at 12 pounds. When a
leak occurs in the hose and the pressure is reduced below
12 pounds, the valve unseats, permitting air to pass to
the whistle, announcing the leak. An ordinary cyclometer
is arranged on the frame supporting^ the machine, and is
operated by the crank engaging the lugs thereon, so that
the number of vibrations are counted automatically. . The'
hose is usually given about 120 vibrations per minute, and
while no specifications have been prepared in this direc-

Fig. 2 — Hose Testing Apparatus — N. & W. Ry.

■tion, the hose should stand about 75,000 vibrations, or
bucklings, before failing.

The apparatus for the bursting test consists of a frame
for supporting the hose and pipe connections and a differ-
ential piston for supplying the necessary pressure. The
position of the hose is shown in the illustration and the
manner in which it is clamped is also indicated. In mak-
ing the test water is admitted from below to fill the hose
and small cylinder. The valve is then closed and air ad-
mitted to the top of the upper and larger cylinder, forcing
the piston down and supplying a pressure to the hose.
The diameter of the smaller piston in this instance is 2%
inches, and the larger, or air cylinder, is 8 inches in diam-
eter. The Master Car Builders' Association requires that
a test hose must stand for ten minutes a pressure of 500
pounds before bursting.

Besides the appliances here described the road has sim-
ple tests for friction and stretching, as required by the
M. C. B. Association. In presenting these illustrations
and description we acknowledge the courtesy of Mr. W.
H. Lewis, superintendent of motive power of the Nor-
folk and Western Railway, and Mr. W. W. Lemen, en-
Sfineer of tests

Fig. 1 — Hose Testing Apparatus — N. & W. Ry.

It was suggested at the March meeting of the Western
Railway Club that in view of' the increasing necessity of
the adoption of steel as the timber supply diminishes, the
Master Car Builders' Association might well begin the
investigation, of the most practical forms to be adopted
in steel car construction, in order to be prepared to meet
the exigencies which must necessarily arise in coping
with the future economical repairs of cars of this type.

April, 1904 RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC 115

New Shops of the Terminal Railroad Association of St Louis at

East St Louis, III.

HE old shops of the Terminal Railroad
'■" Association of St. Louis, located on 16th
street, near the Union Station, having been
outgrown by the mechanical department
and having become totally inadequate to
maintain the motive power equipment, this
company has constructed a new shop for
the repair of locomotives and the main-
tenance of the few cars owned by them,
just north of East St. Louis, 111. In addition to this
plant the company is erecting three new square engine
houses and a modern coaling station to be located on
the site of the old plant. These engine houses will
maintain 58 engines and facilities will be provided
for light locomotive repairs. Much interest is being
attached to this small plant on the St. Louis side of
the river because of the adoption of square houses
instead of the round house heretofore usually built.
The three houses are served by two transfer tables,
and inasmuch as most engines housed here will be used
in switching service, and the few passenger engines
receiving light repairs will be turned on the Y's at
the Union Station, the feature of providing a turn-
table or Y for turning the engines does not enter, and,
therefore, the space which would perforce be occupied
by this feature is eliminated.

The general lay-out of the new plant near East St.
Louis is shown by Fig. 4, and a bird's eye view of
the shop buildings is presented by Fig. 1. The shops
were planned by Mr, Daniel Breck, general superin-
tendent, with the assistance of the engineering depart-
ment, and most of the work was done under contract.
The buildings were constructed by Purdy & Hender-
son, of Chicago, and" most of the electrical apparatus

for power transmission provided by Westinghouse,
Church, Kerr & Co., of New York City. The machine
tools were installed by the mechanical department of
the railroad.

The manufacturers of individual installations will
be presented later as the several features are taken up
in detail. While the buildings are plain as regards
exterior appearance and there is nothing especially

Fig. 2— Exterior View of Locomotive and Machine
Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

new or unusually peculiar about their construction,
they are well put together and serviceable. An un-
fortunate feature of the land on which the shop is
built was its low, uneven and swampy condition, re-
quiring much filling and necessitating deep founda-
tions. In some instances a fill of 12 feet was neces-
sary. None of the foundations are placed on piles
except the foundation for the stack.

The principal building is occupied by the locomo-
tive and machine shop. It is built of brick supported
by a structure of steel resting on stone foundations,
and is 329 ft. 7 in. long by 122 ft. 10 in. wide. It is
interesting to observe the thorough manner in which
the building is lighted by day, a large expanse of the

Fig. 1 — Bird's Eye View of Plant — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

Fig. 3 — Niles Wheel Lathes in Locomotive and Machine Shop, Served by Traveling Crane-
Terminal R. R. of St. L.

wall being given over to glass window lights. The
main floor is divided into two bays, the west side
being arranged with transverse pits for the erecting
floor, and the east bay for machine tools. Over the
machine side is a balcony extending the entire length
of the main portion of the building in which are lo-
cated the tin shop, pattern shop, air brake room, hot-
air ventilating system and wash rooms. At one end
of this building, and separated from the main portion
by a brick wall extending to the roof, is a smaller
structure, 122 ft. 10 in. x jj ft. 10 in., for the black-
smith shop. The north end of the machine side within
a space bounded by the wall of the blacksmith shop
on the north and the third row of columns on the

south, and separated by a short wall extending from
the floor to the under side of the balcony, is a depart-
ment given over to boiler shop machines, and an
imaginary line running north from the center row of
columns' supporting the balcony to the north wall of
the blacksmith shop, provides a space given over to
boiler work, including the flue working machines, etc.
There are nine pits on the erecting floor, seven of
which are used for general repairing, and the last
two at the north end are devoted to tank and boiler
repair work, being in close proximity to the boiler
tools. The erecting floor is served by a Niles electric
crane of 80 tons capacity, having in addition two hoists
of 20 tons capacity and one of 10 tons capacity

^ \ ^

,5 71 LM1IS TRHY a FAXTFRH

Fig. 4 — General Lay-Out of Plant — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

117

for handling lighter parts. It is interesting to
notice that sufficient space is provided back of the
engines so that the driving wheels of each loco-
motive may be placed on the pit which it occu-
pies, and at the same time leave ample space for the
transportation of material between the back of the
pits and the center line of the shop. The rails extend
back to within a few feet of the crane girder columns.
In connection Avith each locomotive pit are four jack
block pits, so arranged that when required to jack up
an engine it will not be necessary to rest the jack
block on the cement floor. When the jack pits are not
in use they are covered by planking, which is readily
removable.

In arranging for the disposition of machine tools
care was taken to so place the heavier tools that they
may be served by the large traveling crane. For this
purpose the wheel lathes and large boring mill were
placed along the south wall of the erecting side. Other
tools for heavy work were placed on the machine side

Fig. 5 — Showing Motor Connection to 79-iN. Wheel
■ Lathe — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

? 1 r

> IV'"" -t' " '■*'**- ;

iiHT In 1 \ *gf D 1

~ t ' JL'fi .1 • rii't

* ' ^ . / ,Tw

Fig. 6 — View in Machine Side of Locomotive and Machine Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

near the row of columns which divide the shop into
the two bays. In this manner the crane may be used
to place work near the machine, from which position
it can be handled by air hoists. In these latter men-
tioned are the two planers, which are so located that

Fig. 7 — Showing Distribution of Hot Air Discharge

Pipes in Locomotive and Machine Shop —

Terminal R. R. of St. L.

their beds may extend into the space covered by the
crane, and work may be placed there by the traveler.
All wheel work is done in the south end of the build-
ing, the southeast corner being arranged with the ma-
chines for car wheel work, and at this end of the build-
ing a through track extends, on which the wheels are
placed when finished, to be transported to the storage
yard. Near this track the bolt and nut machines are
located, so that bolts and nuts may be conveniently
transported on trucks from the blacksmith and store
houses respectively, and may be as readily delivered
when threaded. The floor of the machine side and
that portion of the erecting floor given over to the
machines above mentioned is of wood, while the floor
of the erecting side is of cement. The floor of the
blacksmith shop is of the usual tamped cinder.

Most of the machine tools are individually driven
by electric motors, but a number of them under the
balcony arc belt driven. Tt is interesting to observe

I [i

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

Fig. 8 — Plan of Locomotive and Machine Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

Fig. 9 — Long & Alstatter Punch and Shear, Driven Fig. 10 — Niles Radial Drill Direct Connected to 6
by a 10 H. P. Westinghouse Motor — ■ H. P. Westinghouse Motor — Terminal

Terminal R. R. of St. L. R. R. op St. L.

nuRoften 3'xiP

Fig. ii — Cross Section of Locomotive and Machine Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

119

that the 79-in. wheel lathe is supplied with three
motors, one for operating the face plates, while the
other two are in use in connection with the quarter-
ing device, The 54-in. planer is provided with a 20
H. P. motor for driving the table, while the cross rail
is operated by a 4 H. P. motor. The motor for driv-
ing the line shaft is located on the floor of the balcony.
A traveling air hoist is arranged to run parallel with
the length of the building, serving the heavier ma-
chines near the western border of the machine bay.

Special interest attaches to the lavatory and wash
rooms provided for the men. As above mentioned,
these facilities are located on the balcony, and ar-
ranged in two tiers, and being within the buildings
are kept well warmed and ventilated, and provide
against the necessity of the men going out of doors.
These rooms are well equipped with urinals, closets,
157 individual lockers, and 90 basins. The basins are
supplied with both hot and cold water, and are ar-
ranged in double rows between the lockers, and so far

Fig. 12 — 84-iNCH Niles Boring Mill Driven by a 22

Ff. P. Westinghouse Motor — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.

Fig. 13 — Side Elevations of Locomotive and Machine Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

as space permits the lockers are arranged
along the walls ; the remainder are ar-
ranged in double rows through the rooms.
For the sake of ventilation and to pro-
vide against the likelihood of fire the
Lockers are made of expanded metal. In
addition to these facilities are four
shower baths for the use of the men.

In connecion with the lighting of the
shop it should be mentioned that ample
head room is provided between the main
floor of the machine side and the bottom
of the balcony, this distance being 17 ft.
i l /> ins. The crane girders are sup-
ported by a double row of individual col-
umns, the distance from the floor to
bottom of the girder being 23 ft. 3^4 ins.,
and the distance from the bottom of the
girder to bottom of rail 4 ft. [-32 iii. The
building is heated by the Sturtevant sys-
tem. Strain roils, fan and operating en-
gine arc located in the balcony as here-

FlG. i

4 — View Showing [nterior of Lavatory
Wash Room— Terminal R. R, or St. L.

120

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

tofore mentioned, and hot air is delivered by galvanized
iron ducts terminating in the center row of columns in a
line a few feet below the balcony, as shown by Fig. 7.
The equipment in the locomotive and machine shop in-
clude the following' :

Fig. 15 — Niles i6-in. Slotter Driven by 7 H. P.
Westinghouse Motor — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

Maker.
Niles

D.Saunders' Son
Niles

Pratt&Whitney

Jones&Larnson

Niles

Pond

Hill-Clarke

Niles

Bement-Niles
Cin. Simper Co.-

Niles

Motor Speed of

Machines. Horse Power. Motor.

69-in. wheel lathe 13-26 300-1200

79-in. wheel lathe (2) -3-6* 400-1600

13-261 300-1200

84-in. boring mill 13-22 300-1200

Driving wheel press 5 .950

Axle lathe 10-20 375-1500

Car wheel press. 5 1040

Pipe machine 3 1050

Car wheel borer Belt driven

(3) Acme bolt machines.. Belt driven

Turret lathe Belt driven

Turret lathe 1% 300-1200

24-in. lathe ).. 1% " 300-1200

28-in. lathe 3y 2 1200-1600

36-in. lathe 5-10 400-1600

26-in.. lathe Belt driven

2 18-in. lathes 1%

16-in. lathe 1%

Radial drill 3-6 400-600

26-in. traveling head shaper 5-10 300-1200

24-in. shaper 2-4 300-1200

37-in. boring mill 5-10 400-600

16-in. slotter 3y 2 -7 325-1300

Horizontal boring bar 3.6 400-1600

36-iii. planer (10-ft. bed) . . 8% 1125

54-in. planer (14-ft. bed).. 20$ 850

4§ 600

IN BOILER DEPARTMENT.

Punch and shear 10 850

12-ft. boiler sheet rolls. 26 650

Flue welder

Flue cleaner

Flue cutter

IN BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT.

2%-in. bulldozer ...... Ajax

Shear Pk. Kueeland

2500-lb. steam hammer.... Niles

Bradley hammer

9 Buffalo forges (down

draft)

20 horse-power motor for

supplying draft ........ " 630

15 horse-power motor for

driving line shaft 1150

MISCELLANEOUS.
60 horse-power motor for

line shaft in wood shop 630

5 H. P. motor for line

shaft in pattern room. . . 1150

20 H. P. motor for main

line shaft' in machine

shop 830

35 Y. P. reversible motor

for driving transfer table 280

*Quartering device. tFace plate. ^Driving table. §Raising
cross rail.

The further features of interest will be presented in our
next issue.

Pond

Long&Alstatter

Niles

Hartz

A. Device for Locating Gauge Cocks

THE mechanical department of the Chesapeake &
Ohio railroad has originated a practical and
simple device for locating gauge cocks in locomotive'
boilers. The appliance is merely an application of the
hydrostatic level. The parts used in this connection
consist of a piece of rubber hose about twenty feet
long and one-half inch in diameter, the hose having
metallic wrapping to prevent kinking preferably. In
each end of the hose a piece of glass tube, as large as
possible, is inserted. The .arrangement is shown in
the accompanying line drawing.

The glass should be arranged securely and made
water tight; their ends should be ground a little un-
evenly, in order that when the end is placed against
the crown sheet it will permit water to leak out be-
tween the end of the tube and the sheet. Reference
to the drawing will show the application of this device
and the directions for its use are as follows :

The tube B should be held against the highest point
of the crown sheet, and the tube A at the other end of
-the hose, should be held about where the gauge cocks
■are to be located. Water should be poured into tube
A until the hose is entirely filled and runs out of tube
B. By holding the tubes and hose perfectly still, the
level of the water in tube A will show the height of
the top of tube B, and therefore the location of the
highest point of the crown sheet. The water level in
tube A is the height of the under side of the crown
sheet, and to this position must be added the thick-
ness of the sheet.

The practice of this road is to locate the lowest
cock for engines carrying 180 lbs. of steam and over,
43/2 inches above the highest point of the crown sheet,
and the vertical distance between centers of the gauge

'Gouge Cock

\^ffuibef f/ose

. Top One orSrofe

Hydraulic Level for Locating Gauge Cocks—
C. & O. R. R.

cocks is 3 inches. For locomotives carrying less than
180 lbs., the location of the gauge cock, above the
highest point of the crown sheet, is 3 inches, and the
vertical distance between centers 2^/2 inches.

Before taking level for gauge cocks, it should be
observed that the engine is perfectly level, or as near
so as it is possible to arrange it; and it is further nec-
essary to notice that the tube B is at the highest point

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

121

of the crown sheet, and that it is entirely filled with
water. Before taking the level in tube A, no part of
the hose should be permitted to be higher than the
bottom of tube B, and no kinks ' or sudden bends
should be allowed to form in any part of the hose.

In this connection it is interesting to observe that
the practice of the C. & O. is to renew soft plugs in
the crown sheet every thirty days. It has been found
that the plugs deteriorate after having been in place

for a greater length of time and become coated with a
hard scale resulting from sulphur in the coal. These
conditions so depreciate the value of the plugs for the
purpose for which they are applied that if not fre-
quently renewed they will be of little use in saving the
crown sheet.

In presenting this sketch we are indebted to Mr. F.
H. Walsh, superintendent of motive power, and Mr. J. J.
Ewing, mechanical engineer.

Freight Locomotive— Southern Railway

PRESENTED herewith are illustrations of the prin-
cipal features and general dimensions of one of a
number of large 2-8-0 freight locomotives recently placed
in service by the Southern Railway, which were built at
the Richmond Works of the American Locomotive Com-
pany. The locomotives are designed to operate under 200
pounds of steam ; the firebox is of the modified wide type
for burning bituminous coal and in this connection it is
observed that the water legs are nearly vertical, a point
in design concerning which a discussion is presented in
our editorial columns of this issue; the cylinders are 22
inches in diameter by 30 inches stroke ; the valves are the
Richardson balanced slide, and the driving wheels are 56
inches in diameter. The driving boxes and centers of
main driving wheels are cast steel. The boiler is fed by
two Hancock injectors, No. 11, one located on each side
of the firebox. The general dimensions applied to the
usual formula for tractive effort show the locomotive
capable of developing a starting power of 44,000 lbs. The
weight on drivers is 173,700 lbs., the total heating sur-
face is 3,517 sq. ft. and the grate area is 52.9 sq. ft. Com-
paring these figures, the ratio of adhesive weight to trac-
tive effort 3-94; ratio of tractive effort to total heating
surface 12.5 and total heating surface divided by grate
area is 66.4. One cylinder full of steam at boiler pressure
weighs 2.923 lbs. and the ratio of total heating surface to
this figure is 1,203.

General Dimensions.

Weight in working order 195,036 lbs.

Weight on drivers 173,700 lbs.

Weight, engine and tender, in working order 320,256 lbs.

Wheel base) driving 16 ft.

Whel base, total 24 ft. 3% ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and tender 55 ft. 1 in.

Cylinders.

Diameter and stroke 22 by 30 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston ■ 6% ins.

Diameter of piston rod 4 ins.

Size of steam ports 1% by 1.9 ins.

Size of exhaust ports 3 by 19 ins.

Size of bridges 1% ins.

Valves.

Greatest travel of slide valves 5% ins.

Outside lap of slide valves 1 in.

Inside lap of silde valves in.

Lead of valves in full gear in.

Wheels.

Diameter of driving wheels outside of tire 56 ins.

Thickness of tire 3 ins.

Diameter and length of driving journals. . . .9 and 10 by 12 ins.
Diameter and length of main crank pin journals. 7% by 6% Ins.
Diameter and length of side rod crank pin journals. .8 by 5 ins.

Engine truck journals Diameter, 5% by 10 ins.

Diameter of engine truck wheels 33 ins.

Boiler.

Style Straight top, wide firebox.

Outside diameter of first ring 76 11-16 ins.

Working pressure 200 lbs.

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of firebox. .. .

9-16, 11-16, % and 27-32 in.

Horizontal seams Butt joint, sextuple riveted

Circumferential seams Lap joint, double riveted.

Firebox, length 107% ins.

Firebox, width : 71% ins.

Firebox, depth .Front, 74% ins.; back, 59% ins.

Firebox, material Carbon steel.

Freight Locomotive — Southern Rait. way.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1934.

i>fHr*T —

-36*- t>i— / ^*rr

<k.»

>3L J —^-

r«&

— M 'l'1' 1

kj I- te ^->

Freight Locomotive, Southern Railway— Sectional Elevation of Boiler and Half Section of

Fire Box.

Firebox, plates Thickness, % in.; tube sheet, % in.

Firehox, water space 4-in. front, 3%-in. sides, 3%-in. back.

Firebox, crown staying Radial, 1%-in. diameter.

Firebox, staybolts 1-in. diameter.

Tubes, material and gauge. .... .Charcoal iron, No. 11, B. W. G.

Tubes, number < 437

Tubes, diameter .2 ins. 0. D.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 14 ft. 6% ins.

Heating surface, tubes 3,374 sq. ft.

Heating surface, firebox 143 sq. ft.

Heating surface, total 3,517 sq. ft.

Grate surface 52.9 sq. ft.

Exhaust pipes Double.

. .3%, 4 and 4% ins.

17 ins.

15 ft. % in.

Exhaust nozzles

Smokestack, inside diameter

Smokestack, top above rail

Tender.

Style ' steel channel frame

Weight, empty 50,650 lbs

Journals, diameter and length 5 by 9 ins

Wheel base ig ft. 4 ins

Tender trucks- Arch bar type, with cast steel bolster

Water capacity 6,000 U. S. gals

Coal capacity 12.5 tons

Westinghouse brake on all wheels, National hollow
brake beams.

Freight Locomotive, Southern Railway — Elevations and Sections.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

123

The Distribution of Scrap

Communication.

To the Editor of The Railway Master Mechanic :

The articles of Messrs. J. P. Murphy and W. R. Orms-
by, General Storekeepers respectively of the L. S. & M.
S. R. R. and Southern Pacific Co., relative to the tak-
ing care of railroad scrap, have been read with no little
degree of interest. Mr. Omsby's article, dealing with
conditions on the Coast so radically at variance with con-
ditions existing in this section where we are readily ac-
cessible to the market, cannot fail to be of especial interest
to all readers.

Relative to Mr. Murphy's article. There are no roads
around this section of the country that the writer knows
of that do not handle scrap in practically the same man-
ner as he outlines. Some roads pay more and others less
attention to these details. In the first class this road may
be included, as especial care and attention is given to
the handling of scrap so that the best results may be
obtained. Classified bins of ample proportions are pro-
vided for the comfortable handling of material except
under most abnormal conditions, and, the facilities for
sorting a mixed car and putting different kinds of scrap
in their proper bins very conveniently arranged. One
feature that should receive careful attention and consid-
eration is the usable material that comes mixed in with
scrap; for' this purpose we have a large bin where the
material is classified and when a quantity sufficient has
accumulated is taken to the different departments where
it can be used. This feature alone has been found to
cover a large share of the expense involved in having
skilled mechanics and laborers whose only work is the
sorting, loading and unloading of scrap material. The
above does not, of course, include copper, brass and other
valuable scrap, which we insist on outside points pack-
ing securely in boxes and barrels, and is kept under lock
and key in the storeroom. The repair track daily turns
over to the storeroom all scrap brass, etc., accumulated
that day. At the latter part of the month this material
is carefully loaded by classes in barrels and shipped away,
as there is an ever ready market only too glad to get it.

Have no idea that anything contained herein advances
any ideas that well regulated roads have not formulated
years ago and had in practice a corresponding length of
time. The interchange of ideas between General Store-
keepers cannot fail to be productive of the greatest good
to all concerned, and it was with extreme regret that it
was found necessary to give up being present at the in-
itial meeting in Chicago last month, it will not happen
again very soon.

No little credit should be given Mr. Murphy, and other
gentlemen, for their efforts in getting the organization
started and making possible the "Railway Storekeepers'
Association," which we all trust will result in something
of which individually and collectively we may all be
proud.

Hope our brother on the far-off Pacific slope will soon
favor us with another communication relative to methods
pursued on his line.

The province of the Store Department contains so

many elements of good for railroad service that one feels

like going on indefinitely, but having already trespassed

on your valuable space too much will desist. Hoping

to see many contributions in your interesting journal

from other sources'. Very truly yours,

D. E. Moodie,

General Storekeeper and Accountant,

Wisconsin Central Railway.
••—•■

A Gauge for Setting Crank Pins

A DEVICE for quickly setting the crank-pins of loco-
motive driving wheels and for the accurate loca-
tion of keyways has been designed and patented by Mr.
Wm. A. Nunnally, a machinist in the Richmond shop of
the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. Mr. Nunnally has been
engaged for several years in work on driving wheels, and
appreciating the value of a device by which much time
could be saved in this respect, he has taken advantage of
his opportunity in perfecting this appliance. It consists
principally of a skeleton body, whose sides or edges are
parallel, and an extension skeleton, a portion of which is
provided with two parallel straight edges, which is ar-
ranged to be adjusted according to the several lengths of
locomotive cranks. The apparatus is so arranged with
lugs and forms as to be applied to a driving wheel when
it is on the axle and when the crank-pin is in place, be-
fore either axle or crank-pin is applied, or when one or
the other is in place. Fig. 2 shows the construction of
the device, and Fig. 1 shows the same in place upon a

Fig. 1 — Gauge for Setting (rank Pins, in Position
on Locomotive Driving Wheel.

driving wheel. It is readily seen that the device is easily
and quickly adjustable, and that by scribing lines accord-
ing to the parallel sides it is a very simple matter to lo-
cate a straight line through the centers of the holes or
through die centers of the axle and the crank-pin by
which the key seat may he accurately located. As well as
using this appliance for laving off new work, it may he

124

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

Fig. 2 — Gauge for Setting Crank Pins.

as readily used for testing drivers which already have
been put in place.

The parts shown in Fig. 2 may be designated for con-
venience as Nos. 1, 2 and 3, according to the figures
shown thereon. Consideing first the main body No. 1
and the adjustable portion No. 2, the portion No. 3 will
be temporarily disregarded. So arranged the device is
applicable to a wheel on the axle and with crank-pin in
place. Under such circumstance the taper lug on the
cross piece, No. 4, will fit in the center in the end of the
axle, and the faces at the end of extension, No. 2, will
rest against the periphery of the crank-pin or crank-pin
collar. Should the wheel be removed from the axle, lugs
on the side of the casting opposite to that shown, will
bear against the wall of the axle hole, while the faces
bear against the crank-pin, as in the previous instance.
The screw and thumb nut for adjusting the extension
and the thumb nuts for clamping same in position are
clearly visible. Applying now the portion No. 3, the
machine appears as in Fig. 2, which further shows an-
other condition under which it is applied. In this in-
stance the wheel is free from the axle and the crank-pin
not yet applied, lugs of the main body bearing against

the wall of the axle hole and lugs of the ex-
tension bearing against the wall of the crank-
pin hole. With the axle in position and no
crank-pin, the taper lug above mentioned
would engage the axle center.

As hereinbefore presented the machine ap-
pears as a ready, quick and serviceable de-
vice for locating key seats on new wheel
centers and for trying the same when
wheel, axle and crank-pin have been located, as well as
in making renewals in the event of accident. Further
tban this, the machine is serviceable in comparing key
seats of wheels on the opposite ends of the same axle in
order to determine whether or not the wheels are truly
quartered, or arranged at 90 degrees with each other, and
for this purpose three levels are included, one on each of
the two parallel sides or straight edges and one on the
end piece, at right angles to the sides. In order to make
this observation the quartering machine is applied as
above indicated and the wheel is rotated until the center
of the axle and the center of the crank-pin are in the
same horizontal line, this fact being indicated by the
bubble in the upper level being centered. The wheel is
then carefully blocked so that its slightest movement is
impossible, when the machine is changed to the wheel on
the opposite end of the axle and there applied as before.
If the wheels are properly quartered, the crank will be
in a vertical position as indicated by the bubble in the
level on the transverse piece being centered.

This device is now in use at the Richmond shop of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway where it is considered a
valuable time saver and perfectly reliable.

New Cars for the Milwaukee Refrigerating Transit Company

THE accompanying line .drawings illustrate the
design by which 340 refrigerator cars are be-
ing built by the Pullman Company for the Milwaukee
Refrigerator Transit Company. They are for special
service and to be used in transporting beer for Pabst
Brewing Company, of Milwaukee, Wis.. The car's
have a capacity of 60,000 lbs. ; they are 36 ft. long
over end sills and 9 ft. wide over side sile. The under-
framing and superstructure are of wood and the in-
terior is carefully lined. A gutter is arranged along
the center line of the floor and the section on each,
side is arranged on an incline leading towards the
same. The floor is of i^-in. plank separated by a
lining of paper from the sub-floor 13-16 in. thick. The
inside clear height is 7 ft. 3 in. and height from rail
to running board is 12 ft. 10}^ ins. The draft sills are
8-in. 23-lb. I beam bolted to the center sills by four
1 -in. bolts passing through the upper flange in close
proximity to the web. The sills at each end abut the
body bolster and are tied thereto by two i^-in. strap
bolts, each riveted to the web of the I beam with five
%-in. rivets arranged one above the other on 3% in.

60,000 lbs. Capacity Car for the Milwaukee Re-
frigerating Transit Company — Partial
End Elevation and Section.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

125

centers. The tie bolts pass through specially cored
holes in the bolster, and are secured with double nuts
and cotters. To take care of burring strains two 4-in. by
5-in. wooden sub sills extend between the body bolsters
to which they are rigidly attached by corner irons. Day-
ton twin spring gear is specified. The cars have cast steel

body and truck bolsters, furnished by the American Steel
Foundries, and are mounted on Barber trucks. They are
roofed with asphalt torsion proof car roofs manufactured
by F. W. Bird & Son, and the interior lining includes
Neponset insulating paper manufactured by the same
firm.

60,000 lbs. Capacity Car for the Milwaukee Refrigerating Transit Company— Plan

and Elevation.

Railroad Shop Tools

By Charles H. Fitch
XII.

EQUIREMENTS and ideas of planing ma-
chines were ambitious from the first. Some
of the very first planers built between
1830 and 1840 were big tools for any period.
A Chelmsford, Mass., firm building cane-
crushing machinery for sugar mills con-
structed a planer to take work 42 in. x 42
in. by 22 ft! travel. The table traverse was
effected by a link belt or chain with the
usual dog on the table reversing a belt, whose suffer-
ing was audible. Both vertical and horizontal^ feeds
were automatic. This, the first tool of its kind in New
England, was as large as is now found in some loco-
motive repair shops and larger than the largest planer
in the 12th St. shops of the Allis-Chalmers Company,
Chicago, as late as 1900. It should be said, however,

that the locomotive shops of trunk line divisions, such
shops as Oelwein, have usually a 60 in. x 60 in. planer
with 26 or 30 ft. travel, seconded by a 36 in. x 36 in.
planer, while the Betts Company, of Wilmington,
have just completed a planer to take work 122 in. x
122 in. with 36 ft. travel, which is hardly extraordi-
nary, as other makers list and build 120 in. x 120 in.
machines. The new Collinwood shops' largest planer
is a 54 in. x 54 in. Pond special for locomotive frames,
having 32 ft. travel and using a 20 H. P. motor. Their
remaining planer equipment comprises a 42 in. x 42 in.
x 12 ft. Gray, a 42 in. x 42 in. x 10 ft. Niles, a 38 in. x
38 in. x 10 ft. Niles, a 36 in. x 36 in. x 10 ft. Pond, a
Dietrich & Harvey open-side taking a 10 H. P. motor,
and an old Richards 20 in. x 50 in. open-side. The
planer is a more distinctively railroad shop tool than

126

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

the milling machine, and even the latter takes the
planer type, as shown in Figure 2, a four-head ma-
chine by the Ingersoll Company, of Rockford, 111.
These are called milling machines, but they are made
in open-side and other styles like the planer, and might
well be called planing machines with milling heads,
and classed with numerous other devices for quick-
ening the work of planers.

Mr. E. C. Lewis, of the Niles-Bement-Pond Com-
pany, summarizes the present state of the art in
planers for locomotive shops, as compared with the
condition of 20 years ago: "A 60 in. frame planing
machine used to be considered the proper size, but
they are now built 84 in. x 84 in. to plane 36 ft. long,
very heavy and with steel driving gears throughout.
We have an order for one to have eight cutting tools
in operation at once, speed 30 ft. per minute. There
will be three tools in each of the heads on cross rail
and one in each side head. Of the three tools, two
are for roughing and one for finishing." This ma-
chine will be driven by a 50 H. P. motor. Its lines
of construction are shown in Figure i,^a 72 in. x 72 in,
machine, motor driven, for planing locomotive cylin-
ders.

Most^ significant is the increase of power applied in
these machines. There are 60 in. x 60 in. planers
driven by 5 H. P motors, but some of the latest use
20 or 30 H. P., and here is an 84 in. x 84 in. using 50
Ff. P. A 60 in. x 60 in. with a speed of 21 ft. per
minute cutting, 74 ft. per minute making a J / 2 in. x
1-16 in. cut on steel casting, took 10 H. P. per cut,
16 H. P. for reverse and 14 H. P. for return. The
driving pulley for return served as a 1,500 lb. fly wheel
very much as shown in the picture. This means of as-
sisting to overcome the inertia of the platen and work
upon it originated before the coming in of electrical
drive. At the shop of the Sullivan Machinery Com-
pany, Chicago, is a very large planer installed by
Milan C. Bullock about 1890 and provided at his sug-
gestion with a fly wheel for return drive pulley to
serve the purposes of high speed quick return. About
ten years later electrical drive was applied, the motor
being simply put upon the fly wheel shaft.

Despite the progress made in milling machinery it
is not for a moment to be supposed that the planer
will be displaced in its peculiar sphere. It is popu-
larly supposed to have some disadvantages to be over-
come by invention, but these become significant only

Fig. 1 — 72-iN. Motor Driven Cylinder Planing Machine — Manufactured by Bement, Miles &

Company, Philadelphia, Pa,

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

127

when an effort is made to enlarge its sphere.
This sphere is that of a jobbing tool on
large work. Its platen moves slowly, but it
is a movement very effective for getting
work done. On repetitious work it may be
quickened by use of milling cutters, but
large work is not usually reptitious.

Still effective progress has been made in
developing the capacity of the planer and
increasing its convenience.

We will not dwell at length upon the de-
tails of this familiar tool. Apart from the
small and exceptional crank planers the driv-
ing of the platen is accomplished by straight
or helical rack and gearing driven and re-
versed by tight and loose pulleys with belt
shifters worked by lugs on the platen. There
is a great deal of pretty and ingenious de-
sign in the belt shifting mechanism, so ar-
ranged that there is no lapping in the on
and off functions. Two belts are commonly
used and larger pulleys for the return,
which is desirable, reducing the amount of
gearing under the platen. Whether the
countershafting is lengthwise or crosswise
of the platen is merely a matter of gearing.
Much has been said of the former practice
for saving shop room, but, after all, is it always desir-
able to save shop room ? I do not like a shop crowded

Fig. 3— Standard Planer with Open-Side Attach-
ment — Front View as a Standard Planer —
Manufactured by Flather Planer
( o., Nashua, N. 1 1.

Fig. 2 — Four Head Milling Machine — Manufac-
tured by Ingersoll Milling Machine Com-
pany, Rockford, III.

with machines, and there is no particular economy in
skimping light and space in a shop.

The feed motion is either taken from the belt shift-
ing levers in a very obvious way, or more usually is
taken from the gearing under the platen in a way
which does not appear so plain to the casual observer,
because the gearing which drives it is out of sight
and the engaging and releasing- devices, springs,
leather discs, etc., whose moving power is overcome
by stops at each reversal, are not so placed that their
action can be followed. The feeds work by racks and
sectors operating splined and screw shafts with clutch,
clamp or nut engagements, and worm and bevel gear-
ing permitting the feeding of the tool post through a
swiveling head. All these movements are carried in
the cross bar to the saddle on which the head swivels,
and are automatic, with provision for hand feeding.
The tool post apron also swivels. The cross bar is
lifted and lowered by hand or power feed in a very
obvious way; details of gibbing of slides and minor
variations in design we need not here enter upon. In
the matter of feeds certain movements are generic and
belong to similar functions on tools of all types, and
this is really the best relation in which to study them.

Many efforts attended with some measure of suc-
cess have been made to specialize and enlarge the use-
fulness of the planer. Most important are those which
develop its speed and power. I have seen devices in
the nature of double-acting tools planing both ways.
These worked all right mechanically, but involved

enough trouble and rigging Up to prevent their use

128

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

ijiSJJij

Fig. 4 — Standard Planer with Open-Side Attachment — Front View
as Open-Side Planer — Manufactured by Flather Planer Co.,

Nashua, N. H.

mum

Fig. 6 — Gang Planer Tool —
Manufactured by Arm-
strong Bros. Tool Company,
Chicago.

from spreading although in theory they saved a large
percentage of time.

Since the inertia of the platen and its load is the
obstacle to high speed planing.it has of course oc-
curred to many to apply planing motion to the light-
est tool instead of to the heavy work. In special cases
this is highly successful as in the boiler plate edge
planers in common use in locomotive shops and ship
yards. In these machines two or three tools upon a
light tool carriage are caused to travel to and fro upon
ways 12 or 15 feet long by means of a feed screw. The
Bement machine of this type bevels plates for caulk-
ing by the Connery system at the rate of three plates'

an hour, equal to the hand work of a force of fifteen
men with hammers and chisels.

The railroad shop does not call for light machinery
to trim about a heavy casting, but for heavy machin-
ery to finish light parts with absolute accuracy. Such
a machine is shown in Figure 5, a duplex connecting
rod planer by the Woodward & Powell Co., of Wor-
cester, Mass. Speed of 'work is obtained by duplex
tool heads on double housings, one pair of which is
movable. This machine has eight heads.

M3BS&

Fig. 5— Locomotive Connecting Rod Planer — Manufactured by
Woodward & Powell Planer Co., Worcester, Mass.

%iiiiiiilllr

Fig. 7 — Armstrong Planer
Jack — Manufactured by
Armstrong Bros. Tool
Company, Chicago.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

129

Fig. 8 — Construction of the Armstrong Gang
Planer Tool.

A machine tool now found in many large railroad
shops is the open-side planer. In 1880, only two or
three such tools had been built. The design shown in
Figs. 3 and 4 is that of the Flather Planer Co., Nashua,
N. H. It can be used as an open-side with one hous-
ing set back, or the bracket can be removed and the
housings set opposite, converting the machine into a
regular planer.

The most effective way to improve the planer is to
provide it with convenient appliances for setting work,
and to use multiple or gang tools to the limit of its
pulling capacity, giving the machine heavier propor-
tions and gearing. Small planers of the G. S. Gray,
Whitcomb, Flather and other makes are built with

Fig. 9 — Plan of Cut Made by Gang Planer Tool.

deep beds and have a stocky and substantial look
which make beds of the shallow type with legs look
comparatively shaky, but no doubt further advances
in solidity remain to be made even upon the meritori-
ous tools now on the market.

The Armstrong Bros. Tool Co. of Chicago have
their planer tools in use in most railroad shops. The
single tools are really adjustable holders of "high
speed" steel cutters available both for convenience and
economy. Figures 6 and 8 show the construction
and operation of the gang or multiple planer tool. It
might to some appear self-evident that a gain would
be made by using a gang tool such as the Armstrong

Fig. 11 — The Armstrong Planer Tool. _

and it often seems to be the case, a saving of half
the time being claimed in some instances. In other
cases railroad master mechanics and foremen report
only a much smaller gain. Much depends on the skin
and character of metal planed. Against the work of
making a deep cut is offset the work of ploughing out
four lines of cleavage against one, and a shallow cut
through a hard skin may be a tougher job than a deep
cut that gets under the skin.

Fig. 11 shows the construction of the Armstrong

Fig. 12 — The Armstrong Planer Tool Cutting a
Keyway.

planer tool which, equipped with an assortment of
properly ground cutters, will effectively equal a com-
plete set of forged planer tools. Fig. 10 illustrates
one of these tools at work in close corners, giving a
good general idea of clearance obtained. It shows
also a few of the angles at which the cutter can be set.
A job similar to the one shown could be finished with
one of these tools without shifting the position of the
work on the bed. Fig. 12 shows the planer tool cut-
ting a keyway with the cutter reversed and the tool
turned around, thus throwing the cutting point be-
hind center of tool and practically working as a
"goose-neck" tool.

Setting heavy work on the planer is a great time
killer, and this loss of time is much reduced by level-
ing jacks such as made by Binsse of Newark, the

Fig. 10 — Armstrong Planer Tool
at Work jn Close Corners.

Fig. 13 — A Magnetic Chock for Holding Work on
a Planer Table.

130

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

Armstrongs of Chicago, and perhaps others. Fig. 7
shows one of these time-saving jacks.

Magnetic tools and devices are in some small use in
connection with planers. Little can be said about
them now, but there is no telling what the future may-
bring forth.

Figure 13 shows a magnetic chuck for holding work
on a planer table. It requires a direct current to
charge the magnetizing coil in the chuck. The largest
planer chuck listed has a holding face of 36 in. x ,734
in. and is listed (probably subject to discount) at
$175. Several hundred chucks are in use holding
keys, gibs, straps, etc., and while the holding down of

a side rod by these means may be only a matter of de-
tail, we have not heard of any such application.

With reference to the magnetic clutch in some ex-
perimental use upon planers, Mr. James K. Cullen of
the Niles-Bement-Pond Company, says that at pres-
ent the cost almost bars the use of this appliance,
and that there is some trouble with residual mag-
netism, but he believes that this difficulty will be ef-
fectually overcome. Satisfactory operation of planers
with the magnetic clutch has been obtained and it is
thought that the cost can be reduced, and the clutch
made to serve a good purpose in getting variable
speeds and high return velocities with a simple and
reliable type of mechanism.

Passenger Locomotive, Union Pacific Railway.

THE Union Pacific Railway has in service a type of
4-6-2 passenger locomotive, recently built by the
Baldwin Locomotive Works for the heavy travel on that
line. The cylinders are 22 by 28 inches, boiler pressure
200 lbs., outside diameter of driving wheels yy inches, and
the valves are of the piston type. ' The forward truck is
equipped with simple swing hangers, while the trailing
truck has a radius bar and is equalized with the rear pair
of drivers, from which the equalization extends continu-

ously through to the front pair of drivers; the trailing
wheels have a three-point pin fulcrum, which gives an
opportunity to arrange the loading of drivers within the
"limits required, making it more or less to suit conditions.
The guide yoke is of composite character. The trans-
verse portion is of hammered steel while the ends sup-
porting the guides are of cast steel. The casting is ribbed
and of hooded section with ample strength to resist the
forces to which the guides are subjected. The engine is

Passenger Locomotive for the Union Pacific Railway — Elevations and Sections.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

131

o
u
o
J.

Passenger Locomotive for the Union Pacific Rail-
way — Cross Section of Firebox,

37 fi?. spaces'

Passenger Locomotive for the Union Pacific Rail-
way — Longitudinal Section of Firebox.

Passenger Locomotive for the Union Pacific Rail

way cvi.i xdik.

132

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

capable of a maximum
tractive effort of 29,900
lbs. and the ratio of adhe-
sive weight to tractive ef-
fort is 4.7. The tender is
of the Vanderbilt design,
having a tank capacity of
7,000 gallons. The prin-
cipal features of design are
presented by the following
table :

Gage 4 ft. 8% ins.

Cylinder 22x28 ins.

Valve piston.

Boiler.

Type '. straight.

Material steel.

Diameter 70 ins.

Thickness of sheets H-rasf

Working Pressure 200 lbs.

Fuel soft coal.

Staying Crown bars.

Firebox.

Material ". steel.

Length 108 ins.

Width 66 ins.

Depth front 68 ins.

Depth back , 64 ins.

Thickness of sheets, sides %-in.

Thickness of sheets, back %-in.

Thickness of sheets, crown ' %-in.

Thickness of sheets, tube %>-in.

Water Space.

Front .5 ins.

Sides 5 ins.

Back 5 ins.

Tubes.

Material iron.

Wire gage 0.125 M.M.

Number .' 245

Diameter 2% ins.

Length 20 ft.

Heating Surfaces.

Fire Box 179 sq. ft.

Tubes 2,874 sq. ft.

Total 3,053 sq. ft.

Grate area 49.5 sq. ft.

Driving Wheels.

Diam. of outside 77 ins.

Diam. of inside '. 70 ins.

Journals, main - 10x12 ins.

Journals, others . . . . 9x12 ins.

Engine Truck Wheels.

Front, Diam. j 33% ins.

Journals 6x10" ins.

.back, Diam 45 ins.

Journals 8x12 ins.

Wheel Base.

Driving * 13 ft. 4 ins.

Rigid 13 ft. 4 ins.

Total Engine 33 ft. 4 ins.

Total Engine and Tender . . . , 62 ft. 8% ins.

Weight.

On Driving Wheels 141,290 lbs.

On Truck, front 37,330 lbs.

On Truck, back 43,900 lbs.

Total Engine 222,520 lbs.

Total Engine and Tender, about 353,000 lbs.

Tender.

Wheels, number Eight.

Wheels, Diameter 331/,. ins.

Journals SM-xlO ins.

Tank Capacity 7,000 gals.

Service \ . . Passenger.

Passenger Locomotive for the Union Pacific Railway-
Elevation of Boiler.

-Sectional

COMMUNICA 7 IONS

Railroad Shop Tools

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

Referring to your edition of March, 1904, page 92, we
quote the following:

"In such large shops, two purpose machines will not be
wanted, but in a small shop they serve a valuable pur-
pose. '"'

This refers to the Farwell milling machine in combina-
tion with our planer. Our experience has been just the
reverse. These milling machines in combination with a
planer are used in many of the best equipped machine
shops in the United States.

In one shop in Pennsylvania there are eighteen in ope-
ration and are turning out from 100 to 200 tons of the
same casting per day. This plant tried some of the. best
designed special milling machines and adopted the planer
with our milling attachment to do the work.

There is a plant in New York state operating two of
our milling machines in a duplex form and when the first
set was in successful operation, they purchased a new
planer and purchased another duplex Farwell milling
machine for this new planer.

The Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, N. Y., have pui-
purchased four of our milling heads.

Our understanding is that in large machine shops they
make a great many of the same piece. It then would be
to their advantage to purchase milling cutters and mill the
work in place of planing it. This work has been reduced
to one-sixth of the time that it took to plane it.

The advantage of having a milling machine in combina-
tion with a planer is, that the combined cost of the planer
and milling attachment will not be as great as an exclusive
milling machine of the same capacity. You would then
be able to do vertical, horizontal and angular milling, also
vertical and horizontal boring. You could also at all
times use the planer without any delay.

One does not hesitate to use a lathe, both for chucking
work and for arbor work. The milling machine in com-
bination with a planer is just as important as a three or
four jaw chuck with a lathe. If there is a disadvantage
in milling on a planer, we have not yet found it out.

There is a prejudice against combined tools, but we do
not consider our milling attachment to be classed in that

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

133

way for it is just as necessary to a planer as the regular
tool holder is to it. Respectfully yours,

The Adams Company,
Dubuque, la.- Eugene Adams, Pres.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic:

Referring briefly to sundry criticisms, it is true that
a box or cored section of frame is used by Cincinnati
Punch & Shear Co., as it is also by Long & Alstatter, a
firm among the earliest and Geo. Whiting of Chicago,
one of the latest in the field of punch and shear manu-
facture. But an I-beam section is also used, and where
this is cored to a double II the outside flanges are still
retained. My view is that the material in these out-
side flanges would do more good if put into the box.
Even the C. P. & S. Co. retain a vestige of these flanges
in their patterns, but are quite right in saying that their
frame is really a strong box, and the flanges are shal-

low being retained as a matter of fashion or ornamenta-
tion.

On milling machines I showed the original Lincoln and
the later fixed spindle type illustrated by a I3ecker-Brain-
ard machine, but though these are much used in smaller
^interchangeable mechanism, it is a fact of singular inter-
est that they have as yet made little head in the manu-
facture of the largest distinctive interchangeable — part
machine — the locomotive.

The ingenious and valuable two-purpose machine of
the Adams Co. was described as a type of "miller" which
would yet be used in the smaller shops much as the Mc-
Cabe double spindle lathe is useful in such shops. As
it is, the smaller railway shops outside of tool room prac-
tice have little use for milling machines, and the larger
are putting in milling machines that may, if needs be, be
converted into planers, but as a matter of usage these
are likely to be used for one purpose only.

C. H. Fitch.

The Technical Graduate and the Machinery Department of Railways.

By Professor W. F. M. Goss.

Abstract of paper presented at March meeting of Western Railway Club.

THE technical graduate of the better schools of en-
gineering is not, as many people have supposed, a
boy, but a man. He may approach thirty years in age,
and is never less than twenty. The average graduate has
good health, a good frame, and some muscle. As a day
laborer he should be able to earn his wage. Moreover,
he has had a limited amount of actual shop experience
either before entering college or during his summer vaca-
tion, or both before college and during his summer vaca-
tion.

The technical graduate in his knowledge of science and
technology has a broad foundation upon which to build
a life's work as an engineer. He is something of a scholar
and is sufficiently trained in intellectual processes as to be
able to deal with facts as he finds them. In many cases
he has earned much of the money which he has spent as
a student, and as a rule, he is always ready to work.

I have no wish to imply that the technical graduate
knows all that he ought to know, or that his character is
always perfect. In common with other men, he has
faults. But no one should be judged by his faults. I am
asking no favor in behalf of the technical graduate when
I seek to have him measured by the standards which are
applied to other men.

The absorption each year by the various industries of
the country of 2,500 or more trained young men is a mat-
ter of no small significance. It requires no argument to.
show that these men include in their number many who
will later have a prominent part in advancing the engi-
neering practice of our country, and, hence, their dis-
tribution is a matter of some importance. Tf, for exam-
ple, it were shown that some one industry receives and
retains in its service a much larger share of these tech-
nical graduates than another having similar needs, it:

would be expected that its operations would in the long-
run become the more efficient, and, similarly, it would
appear that an industry receiving less than its share must
in the end suffer through lack of technical ability. In
view of these facts it is of interest to inquire whether the
motive power and car departments of railroads are get-
ting and retaining their share of the technical graduates ?

An examination of the pay rolls of railroad companies
will show that the number of technical graduates of the
apprentice grade in the motive power and car depart-
ments is not only relatively small, but actually so. On
most western roads the number is less than one to each
one thousand men employed, while »many roads of con-
siderable size have no technical men in training. Consid-
erations, briefly stated, constitute strong testimony favor-
ble to the contention that railroads are not getting their
share of the technical graduates for their motive power
departments.

It can be shown that it is only on the larger systems
•that- any considerable amount of expert work is asked or
expected of the motive power department. Such work
when necessary in the design of equipment or in framing
the specifications governing its construction, is in many
cases offered by the supply houses and accepted by the
railroad companies. When unusual improvements are to
be made, outside expert help is called in. Upon many
roads the motive power and car department makes no
real pretense at being a technical department; it merely
represents one phase of operation. In so far as the condi-
tion described applies, the fact must be recognized that
the motive power department under these conditions pre-
sents 110 large Held for the technical graduate. His place
is rather with the railway supply houses, which are in
effect the engineering bureaus of (lu- railroads.

*34

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

It will be well to remember that just at present roads
are enjoying the services of thousands of men who, by
virtue of unusual qualities of character, have risen from
the ranks of the mechanic to high positions of responsi-
bility in the railroad service. But the process by which
these men have been trained is likely to be less productive,
in the future than it has been in the past. "The aspiring
youth of thirty or forty years ago, who then turned to
the shop for his training, would unquestionably have at-
tended a technical school had the advantages of the mod-
ern institute then been open to him. The corresponding
man of today is in most cases to be found in college.
Moreover, the conditions existing in the shop a genera-
tion ago were more favorable to the development of men
than those which exist in the modern shop, while the de-
mands which are to be made upon the official of the fu-
ture are likely to be made more exacting than those which
are made upon the official of today. All this leads in-
evitably to the conclusion that no motive power depart-
ment should fail to have its group of technical graduates
in training for its future work. '

One other condition which is sometimes urged as a
reason for not employing technical graduates is the diffi-
culty which some roads allege to have in finding work for
them after they have finished their special apprentice-
ship. It has been said by the superintendents of motive
power of several roads that they had college men who
had finished their probationary period, but no vacant
offices to put them into. Obviously, so far as it may be a
real difficulty, it constitutes an objection to the employ-
ment of considerable numbers of technical graduates.
But is the difficulty real? If the technical graduate is a
good man, there should be profitable work ahead. If he
is not a good man, he should not have been tolerated
through his special apprenticeship. Think of it ! Here
stands the superintendent of motive power at the head of
a corps of several thousand men. He is responsible not
only for its present efficiency, but for its development for
future service as well. Down beside him is the college
graduate who has served his time — one graduate and a
thousand and perhaps fifteen hundred men who are not
graduates. I am sure that no superintendent of motive
power in this presence will wait for a vacancy before
using the full strength of this young man. In looking
over his organization, however well he may have done
his work, he will see weak spots which ought not to be
there; faults which may arise from the failure of a man,
from the yielding of defective or of insufficient material;
from a lack of a definite understanding of related facts,
and having found the thinnest and least defensible spot
in his whole organization, he will put his young man into
it, perhaps merely as a multiplication table, to a foreman
whose practical training makes him valuable, but whose
figures are bad, perhaps as an inspector of material, or as
a student of failures in materials, but whatever the task,
he will feel sure that if he chooses well, the young man
will earn his salary, and will at the same time be in train-
ing for the larger responsibility when it comes.

The technical graduate who enters upon a special ap-

prenticeship, by so doing announces that he intends to
work for an official position on the road; and the com-
pany in accepting him, agrees to so train him that he may
be worthy of such a position. In view of this compact,
the special apprentice accepts a low wage, and the railway
company undertakes to vary his task, notwithstanding the
fact that such a course limits for a time the usefulness of
the apprentice. On a very few large railway systems the
course for special apprenticeships has been worked out
with care. Students in such courses are handled with
intelligence and consideration, with the result that they
are satisfied, while the road accomplishes its full purpose
in training men for its service. Most roads, however,
undertake to receive special apprentices with no adequate
understanding of their responsibility in the matter. It
often happens that injustice is done the special appren-
tice and that in the end the road fails in its efforts to
make him a means of strenthening its organization.
Moreover, the unhappy experiences of those who have
been through the mill, or have attempted its passage, have
had their influence on the undergraduate, with the result
that it is now more difficult than formerly to interest
graduates in- a special apprenticeship. Such a condition
is unnatural. It is unmerited by the technical graduate,
and is, I am sure, contrary to the real interest and desire
of the management of our railroads.

In view of this, I venture to outline some of the de-
fects which, as they seem to me, sometimes appear in the
administration of the special apprenticeship, and in some
cases to suggest a possible remedy.

One defect is the low wage paid the special apprentice.
He has d-epended upon other throughout his school and
college course and has long looked forward to the time
when he can begin to take care of himself. He is willing
to' deny himself many things ; he will be content with
rough clothes and scant fare, but except in rare cases he
must have self-support. This is not given him, as a spe-
cial apprentice, and the opportunities of such an appren-
ticeship are, therefore, sealed against most graduates. It
is only the man of means, or the man who is not very
sensitive concerning the sacrifices which are being made
for him at home, who can enter such a course. In effect,
therefore, the railroad deliberately closes its doors to the
rank and file of the graduates in mechanical engineering.

Some roads have fallen into the habit of receiving tech-
nical graduates, ranking them as special apprentices, and
of then undertaking to see how valuable they can be made
to the road, without much regard for the rights of the
graduate. By this arrangement it is possible to secure a
man for twelve or fourteen cents an hour, who can run a
lathe, make a drawing, summarize statistics, conduct an
experimental investigation, inspect material, report on de-
fective equipment, test a locomotive, figure the bracing
for a boiler, outline a scheme for motor-driving in an
existing shop, install motors, or interview a division
superintendent in behalf of his chief. When a road keeps
such a man busy under the hardest sort of conditions,
perhaps transferring him to a roundhouse or division
shop remote from the center of the road's activity, when

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

135

he has no contact with men who can aid him and few
opportunities to observe processes which can instruct, the
attitude of the road toward him is lacking in that element
of fairness which is essential to permanent success. An
organization • in which such things are possible is ob-
viously not ready for a special apprenticeship. It needs
more than other roads, perhaps, the technical graduate,
but it has no right to accept him as a special apprentice.
It ought rather to take its technical graduates as it takes
other men, not for the purpose of training them, but for
getting service from them, and having them, they should
pay them what they earn. I am glad to say that there
are some roads which are now following this latter plan.
I am sure that no one will accuse me of desiring simple
ease for the technical graduate. My plea is not that their
task be light, but that they.be given such reasonable op-
portunity as zvill make their position attractive to the
average man. In urging this plea I assume that I am
serving the railroad companies quite as much as the tech-
nical graduate.

■+ < »

Personal

Mr. William Rourk has been appointed car foreman
of the Michigan Central at Chicago.'

Mr. J. Dewey has been appointed acting master
mechanic of the Erie Railway at Galion,0.

Mr. T. J. Cole has been appointed acting master
mechanic of the Erie Railway at Meadville, Pa.

Mr. W. H. Fetner has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Central of Georgia at Macon, Ga.

Mr. John T. Downs has been appointed car fore-
man ot the Michigan Central at Jackson, Mich.

Mr. T. H. Ogden has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Mexican Central at Monterey, Mex.

Mr. John G. Witt has resigned as general foreman
of the Northern Pacific shops at Spokane, Wash.

Mr. William Cunningham has been appointed car
foreman of the Michigan Central at Detroit Station.

Mr. G. Bruchlacher has resigned as master me-
chanic of the Mexican Railway at Apizaco, Mexico.

Mr. A. G. Else, foreman of the Grand Trunk Rail-
way at St. Thomas, Ont., recently died at the age
of 61.

Mr. Theodore VV. Dow has been appointed general
air brake inspector of the Erie, with office at Mead-
ville, Pa.

Mr. T. Rumney, heretofore master mechanic of the
Erie at Meadville, Pa., has been transferred to Jersey
City, N. J.

Mr. A. H. Gairns has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway
at Trenton, Mo.

Mr. J. H. Stubbs has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway
at Fairbury, Neb.

Mr. W. H. Wilson, formerly master mechanic of
the Erie at Dunmore, Pa., has been transferred to
Susquehanna, Pa.

Mr. Owen Owen, master mechanic of the Denver,
Northwestern & Pacific, died at his home in Denver
on February 20th.

Mr. F. O. Bunnell has been appointed engineer of
tests of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, with head-
quarters at Chicago.

Mr. George W. Smith, assistant superintendent of
machinery, and master mechanic of the Burnside

shops of the Illinois Central, has been appointed su-
perintendent of motive power of the Chicago & East-
ern Illinois, with headquarters at Danville, 111.

Mr. J. G. Riley, master mechanic of the western
division of the Michigan Central, died at his home in
Chicago on Feb. 21st.

Mr. H. C. Shields has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Lehigh & New England, with head-
quarters at Pen Argyl, Pa.

Mr. J. G. Sullivan has been appointed inspector of
train service on the Southern Pacific Railway, with
headquarters at San Francisco, Cal.

Mr. W. S. Ganby has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway,
with headquarters at Arkansas City, Kan.

Mr. Harvey Shoemaker, heretofore general foreman
of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, has been
appointed master mechanic at Scranton, Pa.

Mr. W. E. Chester, master mechanic of. the Central
of Georgia at Macon, Ga., has been appointed general
master mechanic, with office at Savannah, Ga.

Mr. Frederick J. Roberts, assistant superintendent
of motive power and machinery of the National of
Mexico, is at present acting master mechanic.

It is stated that Mr. T. A. Puncheon, master me-
chanic of the National of Mexico at the Santiago
shops, has resigned and returned to the United States.
The headquarters of Mr. W. C. Hayes, assistant
mechanical superintendent of the Erie, have been re-
moved from Meadville, Pa., to No. 21 Cortlandt street,
New York.

Mr. S. W. Taylor, superintendent of shops of the
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway at Cedar
Rapids, la., has also been appointed master mechanic
at that point.

Mr. H. J. Martin, until recently general foreman of
the Santa Fe shops at Winslow, Ariz., has been ap-
pointed general foreman of the Santa Fe shops at
Newton, Kas.

Mr. C. Graham, division master mechanic of the
Philadelphia & Reading at Philadelphia, Pa., has been
transferred to Reading, Pa., as master mechanic of
the Reading and Lebanon branches.

The jurisdiction of Mr. E. R. Webb, division master
mechanic of the Michigan Central at Michigan City,
Ind., has been extended over all locomotive depart-
ment affairs in the Chicago district.

Mr. W. S. Haines has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Jefferson and Wyoming divisions of the
Erie and the New York, Susquehanna & Western,
with headquarters at Dunmore, Pa.

Mr. Burton P. Flory, mechanical engineer of the
Lehigh Valley at South Bethlehem, Pa., has been ap-
pointed mechanical engineer of the Central of New
Jersey, with headquarters at Jersey City, N. J.

Mr. W. Cross, who has been appointed assistant to
the second vice-president of the Canadian Pacific, will
have general supervision of mechanical matters on
western lines, with office at Winnipeg, Man.

Mr. Christian G. Steffe, general road foreman of
the Philadelphia & Reading at Reading, Pa., has re-
tired at the age of seventy years after having served
the Reading Company continuously for 52 years.

Mr. R. F. Kilpatrick, master mechanic of the Dela-
ware. Lackawanna & Western at Scranton, Pa., has
been appointed superintendent of motive power and
equipment of that road, with headquarters at Scranton.
The position of assistant superintendent of rolling
stock of the Canadian Pacific at Winnipeg, Man., held
by Mr. J. H. Manning, has been abolished and Mr.
Manning will be assigned to other duties. The car

136

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

department of this road, formerly under the superin-
tendent of rolling stock, has been separated and the
master car builder will report direct to the vice-
president.

Mr, George H. Hatz has been appointed master
mechanic of the Chicago & Alton, with headquarters
at Bloomington, 111. Mr. Hatz has heretofore been
general foreman of the Illinois Central at Burnside,
111.

Mr. F. N. Hibbits, heretofore assistant superintend-
ent of motive power and machinery of the Union Pa-
cific, has been appointed consulting mechanical engi-
neer of the Southern Railway System, effective March
15th.

Mr. George H. Taylor has been appointed mechan-
ical foreman of the Quebec Southern, with office at
Sorel, P. Q. Mr. Taylor will have charge of the mo-
tive power, rolling stock and machinery of the com-
pany.

Mr. Henry Hardie, general foreman of the Louis-
ville & Nashville shops at Corbin, Ky., has been ap-
pointed master mechanic of the Knoxville branch
and Cumberland Valley division, with headquarters
at Corbin.

Mr. George W. Wildin, for three years mechanical
engineer of the Central of New Jersey, has been ap-
pointed assistant mechanical superintendent of the
Erie, with headquarters at Meadville, Pa. Effective
March 1st.

The jurisdiction of Mr. R. N. Durborrow, superin-
tendent of motive power of the Pennsylvania, has
been extended to include the Philadelphia, Baltimore
& Washington, the New York division, and all teiri-
tory about Phiadelphia.

In a recent issue we stated in error that Mr. T. J.
Clark had been appointed master mechanic of the
Spokane Falls, & Northern Railway at Spokane. Mr.
Clark is master mechanic of the Spokane Division of
the Great Northern at Spokane.

Mr. T. S. Lloyd has resigned as superintendent of
motive power and equipment of the Delaware, Lack-
awanna & Western to accept the position of general
superintendent of motive power of the Chicago, Rock
Island & Pacific, with headquarters at Chicago.

Mr. J. J. Reid, who was recently appointed general
master mechanic of the Louisville & Nashville, at
Louisville, Ky., was formerly mechanical inspector of
the Northern Pacific. In his new position Mr. Reid
will have supervision over all shops of the Louisville
& Nashville.

The position of superintendem of car shops of the
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, at
Scranton, Pa., has been abolished and Mr. R. F. Mc-
Kenna has been appointed master car builder, with
headquarters at Scranton, reporting to the superin-
tendent of motive power and equipment. He will
have general supervision of all car department work
on this system, and charge of such other matters of
the car department as may be assigned to him by
the superintendent of motive power and equipment.

ferred from place to place and put in action wherever there
may be an air line. Any air pressure from 20 to 100 or more
pounds will successfully operate the engine, as the supply
is governed by throttle valve. To the revolving shaft is at-
tached the flue cutter, the universal joint allowing the cutter

The Ruth Flue Machine

The Ruth flue machine, for cutting out and rolling in
boiler flues, is particularly adapted to locomotive boiler
work, and is also useful about a shop where practical port-
able power is of value. The power is derived from powerful
double cylinder air engine reversible locomotive design,
mounted upon a telescopic piston, the whole being mounted
on a substantial truck easily and speedily handled, and trans-

The Ruth Flue Machine.

to be inserted into every flue. When cutter is inserted in
flue, turn on air and feed by hand rapidly. Time to cut flue,
ten seconds, more or less, according to material of flue. The
flues are. cut sharp and clean, having practically no burr.

In rolling or expanding flue, a thimble stops the cutter
when flues are sufficiently expanded, thus preserving the
round hole in flue sheet, and disposing of oblong holes in
same, which often occurs from expanding with hand tool,
and which is cause of many leaky flues. The dimensions of
the machine are as follows:

Height of platform 36 ins.

Height over all with piston down 72 ins.

Raise of piston 42 ins.

Lateral feed of screw 20 ins.

Diameter of feed wheel 36 ins.

Diameter of feed screw '..... 3% ins.

Quadruple screw lead 4 ins.

Angle of elevation about 45 deg.

Ball bearing thrust, rawhide and steel gearing, all
wearing parts case hardened, weight about 1,400 lbs.
This device is marketed by W. W. Worthington & Co., 114
Liberty street, New York city.

Six Spindle Gang Drill

The use of a gang drill with several spindles for drilling
arch bars and other pieces which are to ' be duplicated and
require several holes to be drilled in each piece, saves much
time and labor. This fact is evinced by the extent to which
railroad companies and car manufacturers are installing
such machines. A machine for this class of work is illus-
trated by the photo-engraving presented herewith and the
following specifications appear of no little interest: Maxi-

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

137

mum distance, spindles to table, 18 in.; minimum, 6 in.
Traverse of spindles, 12 in. Maximum distance between
spindle centers, 8 in. or 10 in. Distance, center to center out-
side spindles, 9 ft. 10 in. Diameter of spindle, 2 in. Dis-
tance between housings, 11 ft, Floor space, 13 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft.
Height, 7 ft. 10 in. Weight, 13,500 lbs.

The heads are movable laterally upon the rail. Each
spindle is counterbalanced and has independent vertical ad-
justment, for varying lengths of drills. They are driven by

Six Spindle Gang Drill.

gearing from the top shaft, and controlled by clutches, which
are actuated by a handle, placed in front of each head within
easy grasp of the operator. This machine has hand and
power feed. It has a quick approach and return movement,
operated by a lever, by which all the drills can be instantly
lowered to, or raised from, the work together. The feed
motion is universal, but any of the spindles can be discon-
nected at will, making any portion of them independent of
the others. Three changes of feed are provided, and change
gears can be supplied to give any required feed. The tables
have both a lateral and transverse movement. The lateral
movement is by a hand wheel and screw. The wheel is
graduated and provided with a stop. Each graduation of the
wheel represents a table movement of 1-16 inch; one revolu-

tion of the wheel, a table movement of y 2 inch. It also has
a transverse movement of 8 inches, by means of a lever and
gearing. By this arrangement holes can be accurately spaced.
This machine can be supplied with an automatic trip and
stop motion for determining the depth of drilled holes. It is
designed for all around work and will drill holes up to 2
in. in diameter. Thore are four changes of speed obtained
mechanically, as shown by the gears on the end of the
machine and the motor has a fifty per cent variation of
speed by means of varying the resistance in the field wind-
ings.

The machine is built by the Prentice , Bros. Company,
Worcester, Mass.

I he Hess Milling Machine

The usefulness of the milling machine in the railroad shop
is rapidly increasing, and this class of machine tool is mak-
ing itself felt to a greater extent. Among its earliest adap-
tation in railroad shop practice the milling machine was
used in machining locomotive side rods and in present prac-
tice large machines of this type are acquiring the general
outlines of planing machines, so that they are to some ex-
tent entering into direct competition with heavy planers.
A machine of this type is illustrated by the accompanying
half-tone engraving, which is manufactured by the Hess
Machine Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The capacity of the
machine includes rods 10 ft. 6 ins. long between centers, and
it has established an enviable record of one rod every two
hours in performing its regular every .day work, milling the
rod over sides, edges and heads. Cuts in steel of 42 ins.
width and % in. in depth at a feed rate of 4 ins. per minute,
are guaranteed by the manufacturers. Such a cut is equiv-
alent to removing 63 ins. or 18 pounds of steel per minute in
chips. Heretofore it has been almost impossible to produce
truly flat surfaces where the depth of stock or width of
cut on the same piece varies between wide limits. Such
conditions have usually been accompanied by a dropping in
of the cutters, producing uneven work, but in view of the
extreme rigidity of the machine very gratifying results have

The Hess Milling Machine.

138

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

been accomplished in this direction, so that in many cases
it is not unusual to dispense with finishing cuts altogether,
thereby materially reducing the time expended on a given
job.

The machines have been operated so successfully, and the
capacity of the machine in daily service has so proven its
ability and power in turning out work, that the Hess Ma-
chine Company is desirous of quoting time on the basis of
sketches submitted to them.

New No, ioo. Automatic Band Rip Sato.

The machine here represented will, without doubt, prove
of considerable interest to those who have ripping to do.
The makers claim it will surpass in quality and amount of
work any other of this class they may now be using. It is
original in every respect, and has just been built, and is
powerful in all parts. The makers were the first to intro-
duce a machine of this' character, and since being placed on
the market has proved a revelation to all those who have
used it.

It was patented February 27, 1900, and October 2, 1900.

It is designed especially for heavy work, and is particu-

Automatic Band and Rip Saw.

larly recommended to the car builder and other wood-
workers who have stock that requires heavy framing.

It is safe to operate, a very small kerf is removed, wide or
thick material easily ripped, little power is required, work
always accomplished easily and rapidly, table always at
standard height, rolls are close together, allowing short
pieces to be easily fed; adjustment of fences and rolls
quickly made, and there is a great saving in time each day
in making the various adjustments. It is admirably adapted
to reducing large timbers to smaller dimensions, ripping wide
lumber into strips of varying widths, resawing from the side
of a timber, and other light work.

The straining device, which controls the upper wheel and
the path of the saw blade on the face of the wheels, is new
and very sensitive, and is covered by letters patent. No
matter what the vibrations are the strain takes up the slack
in the blade instantly, thus adding wonderfully to the per-
fect working of the machine, and of lengthening the life of
the saw blades.

The lower wheel is solid, lessening the circulation of dust,
and giving itself increased momentum so that its speed gov-
erns the upper wheel and prevents it from overrunning the
lower.

The machine has three feeds, and powerfully-driven feed

rolls in and above the table; and by a single movement of a
lever convenient to operator, the machine can be instantly
changed to a hand feed rip saw, or instantly stop the feed.

Further particulars can be obtained from the makers, J.
A. Fay & Egan Company, of No. 145 to 166 W. Front street,
Cincinnati, O., who will also send their new catalogue of
woodworking machinery free to those desiring it.

Technical Publications.

American Compound Locomotives. By Feed H. Colvin.
This book is a practical treatise devoted entirely to the com-
pound locomotive found in American practice. It considers
the compound feature solely, presenting the principle of com-
pounding, describing the expansion of steam in the several
cylinders, the duties of the respective parts necessary in
changing back and forth between simple and compound,
instructions by which to keep going in case of accident and
suggestions to be observed in properly handling tlie com-
pound, in each case explaining why these features should be
observed. The first chapter is devoted to a brief history of
compound locomotives and gives the years in which several
types were brought out. This is followed by an explanation
of the theory or principles on which compound locomotives
are constructed, after which the several different systems
of compounding found in American practice today are de-
scribed. The book is principally descriptive and the fea-
tures presented are generously illustrated. Derry-Collard
Company, New York. Price $1.50.

4—~+

Electrical Engineering, a course of lectures adapted to the
needs of non-electrical engineers, by Henry H. Norris, assis-
tant professor of electrical engineering Cornell University.
The distribution of electrical energy and the application
of electrical apparatus have assumed such important feat-
ures in all engineering Work that a certain familiarity with
electrical principles has become essential, if not absolutely
necessary, to all classes of engineers. In view of such re-
quirements a pamphlet has been prepared by Prof. Norris, em-
bodying a general outline upon which to base a complete set
of notes as an assistance in studying electrical problems from
the' . operating standpoint. This outline has been prepared
primarily for the guidance of students of engineering. How-
ever its suggestions are equally applicable to those whose
engineering experience dates back for some years, but whose
opportunities for familiarizing themselves with electrical ma-
chinery or apparatus have been limited, as for instance in
the mechanical department of railroads. It is of course not
so complete as a textbook and not as valuable to the engi-
neer for that reason, but to those who have some knowledge
and have access to literature on the subject it is of no little
value. The outline gives roughly the form and order of a
lecture course planned to cover the essential features of
"electrical engineering for the purposes of the mechanical or
the civil engineer. The subject is one which cannot, at pres-
ent, be covered by a text book on account of the rapid develop-
ment along all lines of the application of electrical machinery
for engineering purposes. All engineers must meet electrical
problems and they must be able to apply to these a judicial
skill, in order to select properly the electrical machinery or
apparatus which is needed and to apply it in such a manner
as to bring about the most satisfactory results. For this rea-
son the course consists in the study of electrical problems
from the operating standpoint, including only such introduc-
tory matter as is essential to a proper understanding of the
subject as a whole. Published by the Stephens Publishing-
Company, Ithaca, N. Y. Price 50 cents.
* * »

The Earning Power of Railroads; by Floyd W. Mundy.
This work treats in the most simple manner of the earning

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

139

power of railroads, and deals but little with those features
alike most essential to investors— the traffic resources and
the financial and physical condition. Several' chapters are
devoted to each of the elements which go to make up a rail-
road's annual report, embodying the several classifications of
expenses under the most prominent heads and discusses in
some detail the ratio which operating expenses bear to gross
earnings, the fixed changes, the relation of earning power
to stock outstanding, as well as the relation of guarantees
to surplus available for dividends. In addition to this, im-
portant statistics are presented, showing the income account
of one hundred and twelve railroads, the statements of the
roads represented being considered as a single system and
so arranged that trustworthy comparisons can be made re-
specting the earning power of the different roads. The tables
presented in this connection summarize the annual report of
each of the roads represented and present comparisons of
mileage operated, gross earnings and surplus, through a series
of years. A valuable compilation for purposes of reference
by investors and others interested in the securities of rail-
roads, embraces a statement of earnings, operating expenses,
net earnings, etc., which are all reduced to a mileage basis for
the last report at hand from each of the roads covering, as
a rule, the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903'. Issued by James
H. Oliphant & Co., 20 Broad St., New York City.
■» « »

Notes of the Month

The Pullman company are building 340 36-foot cars for the
Milwaukee Refrigerator Transit Company, with all modern
improvements, including Neponset insulating paper and
asphalt torsion proof car roofs, manufactured by F. W. Bird
& Son, East Walpole, Mass.

Special interest attaches to the March number of Graphite,
which is published by the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company,
inasmuch as this number is devoted to Dixon's silica graph-
ite paint, and illustrations of a number of steel structures
are presented showing the kinds of buildings upon which
this material is used to advantage.

An illustrated placard lately issued by John F. Allen, 370-
372 Gerard avenue, New York city, will be found of interest
by all users of riveting machines. It presents some facts
regarding the results accomplished by the "Allen" portable
pneumatic riveter that are worthy the noting. Copies, we
are informed, will be mailed free upon application.
> •» » »

Mr. G. P. Altenberg, manager of the foreign department of
J. A. Fay & Egan Company, manufacturers of woodworking-
machinery, is on his way to Europe. He shall first visit Eng-
land a few weeks, and then tour the Continent. He expects
to be several months abroad. Letters to Mm will arrive, if
addressed, Mr. G. P. Altenberg, No. 31 Boulevard Haussmann,

Paris, France.

<♦• »

On March 3rd Mr. Henry R. Dalton, Jr., was elected presi-
dent of the Bausch Machine Tool Company, vice Mr. W. H.
Bausch, resigned. Taking effect March 21st, Mr. C. J. Wetsel
was elected treasurer of the same concern to fill the vacancy
caused by the. resignation of Mr. David Hunt, Jr. Any com-
munications to this establishment should be addressed to
the Bausch Machine Tool Company, Springfield, Mass.
«»» »■

The Gold Car Heating & Lighting Company have moved
their offices to the Whitehall Building, 17 Battery Place, New
York city. This company have recently made an arrange-
ment with Mr. Thomas A. Edison, by which agreemenl they
are given the exclusive sale in the United States of the Edi-
son storage battery for car lighting purposes. As their busi-

ness has grown to a very large extent, and as they are now
about to introduce their new system of railway car lighting,
they found it necessary to secure more commodious quarters.
Both the Chicago branch and the New York office have been
moved to this building so that all communications should be
addressed to the company at New York.

•»* »

Among recent orders received by Hicks Locomotive & Car
Works 'are: From Waterloo & Cedar Falls Rapid Transit
Co., two locomotives; Butterfield Lumber Co., one engine;
Arizona Southern Ry., one 55-ton consolidation; Midland
Valley railroad, four passenger coaches, two combination
cars and two baggage cars; Waterloo & Cedar Falls Rapid
Transit Ry., two coaches and one combination car; Copper
Range railroad, four coaches and two combination cars;
Louisiana & Northwest railroad, one coach, in addition to
those previously reported.

♦-•-* ■ —

It is well known that a flexible staybolt which will always
remain flexible, which will not corrode rigid, which will al-
low movement in every direction, which can be readily ex-
amined, and which will be as strong as the tensile value of
the iron in the bolt, would practically eliminate one of the
large costs of locomotiA^e maintenance. The Flannery Bolt
Company, 339 Fifth avenue, Pittsburg, Pa., are distributing
. a descriptive pamphlet, in which they introduce a flexible
staybolt that they claim is inexpensive, durable, thoroughly
practical, and not affected by scale, as well as embodying
the above mentioned features.

+-»-+■

The Henry Roever Company, Chester, Pa., are manufactur-
ing a cleaner that is used by the largest railroads of the
country. A thorough cleaner and varnish feeder gives the
highest possible lustre, which retains its appearance; it pre-
serves the varnish and makes old coaches look like new.
In connection with a mention of this material it is interest-
ing to note that the buildings and plant of this establish-
ment have been made up-to-date in every respect. Thorough
facilities for shipping are maintained, including side tracks
into the grounds of the plant, and a dock on the Delaware
river, where steamers can land to receive merchandise.
With these modern facilities, together with their improved
formulae, the company is turning out a good cleaner, which
produces results speaking for itself. The company also
makes a Modoc powdered soap for shop use which is found
very efficient.

The Thos. H. Dallett Company, Philadelphia, Pa., wishes to
say to the trade that, in view of the fact that several manu-
facturers of pneumatic tools are seemingly conducting a
campaign of intimidation by endeavoring to frighten pros-
pective purchasers into buying no apparatus but their own.
under penalty of a law suit for infringement of -patents, that
a statement from us as to our position in the matter may be
of interest. The recent decisions in the courts, which have
been so widely heralded, do not apply in any way to the
Dallett tools. All our products are manufactured under our
own patents, do not infringe in any manner the patents of
other manufacturers, and our patrons may rest assured that
in buying Dallett apparatus they incur no financial risk of
this nature whatever. This we arc prepared to guarantee to
any purchaser of our tools. If any person has boon threat-
ened with litigation because of buying, or stating that they
are contemplating buying, Dallett machinery, we shall es-
teem it a favor to be made a cquainted with the facts of the
case.

Our plug drills and surfacing machines, as well as riveters
and chippers, embody many novel and desirable features, in
the right to use which we are fully protected by letters
patent. Thos. IT. Dallett Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

H° ~ RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC April, i 9 o 4

Railroad Paint. SHop

Edited by Devoted to the Interest of

CHARLES E. COPP j&j&j& Master Car and

General Foreman Painter B. (SX, M. Ry. Locomotive Painters

Official Orjcan of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Association.

The Readville Shops ol the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R.

In company with Associate "Sam" Brown of the Roxbury
shops of that company, we recently visited the mammoth
new car shops of the New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R.
at Readville, Mass. This is about nine miles out from the
Boston Southern Terminal. As a dwelling place it is yet
to be developed; but the land adjoining is an ideal spot,
being on a sightly elevation, and with entrance direct to
shop yard, it is especially adapted for use for the shop men,
who now swarm to the local trains for their homes or board-
ing places along the line, there being few houses at present
available. The desirable points can be seen from the illus-
trations herewith kindly loaned by Mr. E. E. Hubbard, Old
South Building, Boston, who is developing this property with
direct reference to employes. The Readville station is met-
ropolitan in character, with its enameled brick subway lead-
ing underground to stone stairways to various tracks and
local trains, while others trains on main , lines leave from
tracks overhead. In this respect it makes one think of the
West Philadelphia station.

In the temporary absence of Mr. J. P. Young, the general
foreman, his assistant, Mr. Thos. Simpson, entertained us.
We were shown over the entire plant, which has about 12V2
acres of the 75-acre plot roofed in. We venture the assertion
that there is not a shop in the country devoted to car work
alone that will compare with it in size, character and adapta-
tion to this requirement. Evidently no pains have been
spared or expense avoided to make it up to date in all its
appointments and fitted with the most modern machinery.
Its magnificent general storeroom, with the general offices at
its head, resembles an elegant railroad freight station on a
prosperous road in a large city, .with its doors on the side at
the receiving track where loaded box cars deliver their
cargoes to the platform alongside even with their doors,
where truckmen wheel them in.

The Sturtevant system of hot air heating is installed
throughout, fed by four huge boilers, with room for others
that will doubtless be added in the near future, though the
past extremely cold winter has tested its efficacy as a heat-
ing system. If we were to criticize the paint shop installa-
tion we should say the outlet and inlet pipes are too near
the floor, as they will keep the dust of the floor in constant
agitation and distribute it upon the newly varnished cars.

We are of the opinion that ten to twenty feet of those pipes
could be taken off that come down toward the floor without
suffering any loss of heat and gaining much in the matter
of cleanliness from dust. We think the air itself would dis-
tribute and diffuse the heat throughout the shop, in its belt-
line-like circulation from the pipe-outlets above to the heat-
ing coils on the floor line better than the pipes are doing i i
and minus the dust circulation. We have seen a shop so
piped that does produce satisfactory results.

The floors throughout are of granolithic, as smooth as a
plastered wall, save the blacksmith and kindred shops, which
are of earth. The workmen's lockers are of the well-known

Bird's Eye View of the N. Y., N. H. & H. Railroad
Car Plant, Looking West.

open wire work and the washing-up facilities and toilet
rooms are of the best. Electricity furnishes abundant light
and power and drives mammoth compressors for air, only
one of which is in use at present.

In the course of time we ran up against Mr. Andrew Mc-
Gregor, who is the presiding genius of the large paint shop,
which covers iy 2 acres and holds 30 passenger cars— 10 cross
tracks that hold three cars each, with a transfer table out-
side between the paint shop and coach repair shop. We had
not met Mr. McGregor before, as he has not long been a New

General Layout of the N. Y., N. H. & H. Car Plant.

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

141

Bird's Eye View of the N. Y., N. H. & H. Railroad

Car Plant, Looking East.
England foreman painter, having been ornamenter and suc-
ceeding Mr. Shuttleworth, sometime since at New Haven. But
he at once gave evidence of being up to date, as he told us
he had joined the M. C. & L. P. A. and expects to meet with
them in the near future at Atlantic City. At present he em-
ploys a force of about 190 men, 19 of whom are in the freight
department. Day work is the order throughout the entire
plant and we are told that some 1,200 men are now employed,
yet the plant is not up to its full capacity, as about 2,000
men can be employed when it becomes fully fitted and in-
stalled for the building of new cars, as well as repairing of
the old. Moving in late last fall, or early winter, carpenters
are still busy putting up various shop devices, fittings and
fixtures. In the paint shop no permanent staging is installed
as yet, but they are preparing to do so, and as there is no illu-
minating gas near they are handicapped with burning-off
facilities, using gasoline torches; but they are preparing, to
install the burnihg-off machines with compressed air and
naphtha gas formerly used with success at the New Haven
shops.

Mr. McGregor has, we think, the roomiest and best stock
room that we ever saw, with large tanks, holding seven bar-
rels each, numbered from one up, the contents going by num-
ber instead of by name in work and accounts. A large, ele-
gant varnish room for sashes, doors and other loose stuff is
on the floor above, where are the end windows, also the offices
of the ornamental designer and that of the foreman of the
varnish room who, by the way, also has charge of all inside
varnishing in the main shop below. On the same floor and
adjoining the stock room is a large sink room for washing all
the sashes and loose stuff, which is sent to the varnish room
above on a large elevator leading to it.

In the designer's room, before described, a dark room is
being fitted up where photography will be carried on as the
company has need, and we hope to be favored at some time,
with some views of interest and may have more to say anon.
In the view "Looking West", the first building is the paint
shop; that at the left is the general offices and storehouse.

To Mr. Wm. P. Appleyard, who resigned as M. C. B. of the
N. Y., N. H. & H. in January last and went with the Pullman
Company at Chicago as superintendent of car repairs, doubt-
less much credit is due in the fitting up and installation of
the Readville plant, if not in its general plan and lay-out.

The new B. F. Sturtevant Blower Works, famous through-
out the country for furnishing the heating system for this and
many other railroad shops, has been building a mammoth
new plant nearby of nearly as much magnitude as the car
shop in territory covered, but exceeds it in other respects, as
its buildings are three or more stories high and will employ
many more men, some 5,000 we are told. They are to move
into it this month from the old place at Jamaica Plain. Taken
all in all— Hyde Park with various enterprises and other near-
by places— this locality is resounding to the hum of industry
and must prove a great feeder to this enterprising railroad.

The D. L. & W. Shops Fire

We make the following extracts from two letters from
Associate B. E. Miller, master painter D., L. & W., as to the
cause of the recent fire at his shop and the results, etc., that
will be of interest to our members and readers:

"I presume you have read in the papers of the ill luck
which we had on the morning of the 16th inst, when our pas-
senger car paint shop at Scranton, with a capacity of fifteen
cars, took fire and was totally consumed together with its
contents, nine passenger cars, including a diner. The blaze
was caused by the flame of a burning-off torch coming in
contact with inflammable material which was being used
on the inside of a coach.

"Our office and all our records were a total loss. Our
'boneyard,' where we exposed all our tests and which occu-
pied a conspicuous place on the west wall of the shop, suf-
fered likewise. Among the latter was an extensive test as
to the cause of the bulging of putty which I had been at
work on as chairman of the committee on this subject since
September last. Results were just beginning to show up
and I feel about as badly over losing this as anything else.
I presume we will have to begin over again, or fall back
upon our colleagues on the committee, Messrs. Keil and Pi-
tard, as I undestand they also have been making extensive
tests. The experiment I had been conducting consisted of
nail holes puttied under some 110 different conditions. I
hope our loss will not result in postponing a final report
of this committee at our next convention.

"The fire started about 10 a. m., February 16th, a bitter
cold day. Some of the cabinet men were using varnish re
mover on the interior of a car and dropped some of the staff
on a window sill where a man was engaged in doing some
burning off on the exterior. This was wrong, of course, and
better judgment should have been used, yet these accidents
somehow will happen with the best of precautions. The
spread of the flames was almost instantaneous through the
entire shop, which goes to show that probably an accumula-
tion of dust, which might have been set off like dry powder
(gathered in the rafters), together with gases of volatile
materials, which had undoubtedly risen and were in sus-
pension. The entire shop was in flames within fifteen min-
utes, together with all the cars therein, one dining car and
eight coaches, also nine freight cars which happened to be
in the shop at the time.

"It teaches but one lesson, viz: That all paint burners, or
any naked flame in fact, should be barred from a paint shop
under any and all conditions. That at least is what it will
result in on our road in the future.

"What is your practice? Do you occasionally do small jobs
of burning off in your paint shop? We have always done it
in a small way and never have met with any accident before.

"We have, for the present, turned one of our carpenter
shops, which holds six cars, into a paint shop and will get
along in this way for awhile. Quite a difference from the
one burned which held fifteen cars and which, while a frame
structure and formerly used as a freight repair shop, had
undergone considerable alterations at our hands until it was
more or less a modern paint shop.

"The shop will not be rebuilt, as eventually all passenger
car work will be done in the vicinity of Hoboken, the eastern
terminal, and work on a thoroughly modern passenger car
shop will be commenced there at once."

Graining on outside car sashes with the gelatine roller
process should be made rather pronounced in shade when
new, or it will fade in a year or two so that it is difficult
lo distinguish that there is any graining on the sash at all,
and they will look as if painted plain. This' will prove to
be the case if a fine, close imitation of mahogany is madn

142

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

at the start; but if made rather loud and coarse in the be-
ginning they will toue down shortly to the requisite appear-
ance under the effect of the sun.

Varnish Removers and Fire Dangers

All successful varnish removers that we have ever seen—
that is, those not containing acid or alkali to discolor the
wood— are highly inflammable and should no't be used where
a flame or lighted match will come in contact with them, or
the gases arising from their use. We know of one large road
that had a Are from this cause and unwisely went to the
extreme of ruling them all out of use. Fire arms may as well
be ruled out of use because one is carelessly handled and is
prematurely discharged and someone is hurt, and an ineffect-
ive weapon placed in its stead.

Another instance came within the writer's observation
where some men were burning the paint off outside of a
car and another crew was put inside with varnish remover
to work directly over the window around which the man was
burning. In an instant the flame from the torch caught the
varnish remover that had been applied to about a square foot
or two of inside finish, and but for prompt action by em-
ployes with a hose in use nearby in washing another car, a
serious conflagration would have ensued, for the flames shot
up and warmed up to the melting poinjt the varnish on the
wood head-lining and that caught on fire at once, and so it
would have rapidly spread the entire length of the car in
short order. The fire burned only half a minute, yet the
veneers were started on two sections of head-lining and they
had to be removed.

Another case we heard of was where a man was removing
the varnish from the window sills inside a car in a dark
shop and he lighted a match to see how it was working.
He saw. In an instant his work was lurid with flames, but
they were promptly extinguished.

These instances are quite enough to teach us that we must
be careful in the use of these articles and allow no flame
to be used near them. Of course paint or varnish may be
removed by acid or alkali, , which is not inflammable; but
this is not permissible because it burns and discolors the
wood and spoils it. It is up to somebody to devise a success-
ful varnish remover that is not inflammable, and that will
not injure the wood, nor the hands, nor health of the oper-
ator, and of not an offensive odor. There are some good ones
on the market in some of these respects, but they are lacking
in others, notably the non-inflammability.

In conversation with a chemist and expert in varnish re-
movers, since the above was written, he says that he is ex-
perimenting with one and has practically arrived, at the
point of success with a non-inflammable article of this sort,
but that the high price of the necessary ingredients would
make it so expensive per gallon that he fears it would be
debarred from use on this account. Consumers would prefer
to assume some risks with ordinary care than to put out so
much money for chemical combinations of a non-inflammable
character. This is his view of the . matter. We should like
to hear from others on the subject who are experienced in it.

Where feasible it would be good policy to have a place
set apart from the main shop for this work, not only on ac-
count of possible fire dangers but the odor from it which
is bad enough with the best of them.

♦ » »

Painting Machine Designed for Service on the
G. F. & S. R. R.

We present herewith an illustration of. a practical painting
machine which has been devised by Mr. L. B. Rhodes, master
mechanic of the Georgia Southern & Florida Railway. The
construction of the device is clearly shown by the photo-
engraving. The painting material is carried in the vessel

swung from the operator's shoulder and is connected by a
flexible hose to the spraying nozzle. The nozzle is attached
to the end of a pipe about seven feet long, which enables the
operator to reach a large surface from a single standpoint.
At the lower end of this pipe is a union for connection to the
air hose applied to the yard air piping system. A valve con-

A Practical Painting Machine Designed for Ser-
vice on the Georgia, Florida & Southern Ry.

trolling the flow of air through the pipe is in easy reach
of. the operator's hand and a second valve is applied in the
paint supply connection near the nozzle. The flow of air
through the nozzle induces paint to flow from the small tank
carried by the operator, delivering it in a fine spray over
the surface of the car, leaving a good, smooth finish. By
actual time, an average size box car ran be painted in a
half hour with this apparatus.

The Proposed Change of the Next Place of

Meeting

President Cook Declares It Out of Order and Lets Atlantic
City Stand as the Choice.
Following is a copy of President Cook's official letter to
Secretary McKeon on this subject, which he has sent us
for publication in this issue. A clean-cut, manly document,
it speaks for itself. It is what we expected of him and we
are therefore not disappointed. He could do no less and
maintain the respect of our association and kindred asso-
ciations for himself as the executive and the by-laws it i°
his duty to uphold; and we trust the majority will look at it
in the same candid light in which he treats it. We believe
with him that the Advisory Committee intended no deliberate
infraction of these laws; but, yielding to a clamor, they con-
sented to the action which they took; and that they honestly

April, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

143

thought tliey were doing their duty and doing that which
was for the best, we have no reason to doubt, and we there-
tore respect them accordingly, notwithstanding our feelings
in the heat of the hour when the news of their action first
reached us. At that time, overlooking the amendment
adopted at Boston (pages 108-109 of proceedings), we con-
cluded that this committee, in the light of existing by-laws,
had no authority whatever to change the next place of meet-
ing under any circumstances, only to •suggest or recommend
that which should be conducive to the welfare of the asso-
ciation. But we see now that executive power was given
them to use under certain conditions. What were those con-
ditions? Plainly, that if some unforeseen circumstances should
transpire between the time of one convention and another
that would render the meeting place chosen as impracticable
because of contagious disease or a destructive conflagration
or other terrible visitation, then they might choose the place
which had the next highest number of votes. This they
' did not do, but, instead, issued a postal ballot, which the
amendment above referred to does not authorize, and thus
put a question before the association for reconsideration that
had been decided by it by ballot and therefore could not be
reconsidered.

They also erred in that they acted without that sufficient
reason given in this amendment. Had that "untold circum-
stance" existed to "militate against the next place of meet-
ing" which would warrant moving the meeting, they had
the authority to do so by the amendment. They did not
have sufficient reason to do so, and showed it by issuing the
ballot— they yielded to a clamor that would have better
made itself heard on the floor of the convention before the
vote was taken.

Now Atlantic City Avill be the next meeting place, unless
some "act of God," so-called, renders it impracticable. Then
what? Why let the committee correspond with the officers
and have another place chosen. A similar thing was done
years ago when Montreal was chosen and a small pox scare
caused a change to be made to Toronto.

If President Dane's suggestion at the Boston convention
had been carried out instead of the resolution that was
adopted this mix-up would have been avoided. What was
that? It was in his opening address (page 19 of proceedings,
paragraph 5) to the effect "that a council of five might be
formed, consisting of the elective officers and one active
member, to be given full power," etc., to do this very thing.
We never heard of such a thing as the president and other
officers of a society, club, or association, having no voice
in important matters like this. It is the officers of both the
M. C. B. and M. M. Associations that form the executive com-
mittee that appoints the next place of meeting for those
bodies. If our Advisory Committee were to have the powers
which they assume only a chairman would be needed at the
conventions, for between them the President would' seem to
have no responsibility.

Personally we do not see any need of anybody but the
elective officers having any power to change the meeting
place when any "untold circumstance" occurs to require a
change. If so, let the matter be remedied at the next con-
vention somehow that will forever settle these differences.

PRESIDENT COOK'S LETTER.

To Mr. Robert McKeon, Soe'y M. C. & L. P. A.

Dear Sir:— In your favor of the 3d inst., you ask for my
views and opinion in regard to changing the place of meeting
for our 1904 convention.

I received a letter from Mr. Kahler, chairman of the Ad-
visory Board, immediately after the meeting in Pittsburg, in
which he stated what action they had taken and why. To
say the least, I was greatly surprised — first, because I was
not aware of any contemplated change; and, second, I did not
hnngtno that the Advisory Board would even inadvertently

ignore the by-laws of our association which they themselves
helped to create. The amendment to the by-laws offered and
enacted at the Boston convention (see pages 108-109) does not
at this time warrant the action of the Advisory Board, as so
far there is absolutely no "untold circumstance" to "militate
against" the legitimate choice of a majority of the membei's
voting at the Chicago convention.

The members of the association who are now voting for a
change had an opportunity on the floor of the convention to
select Indianapolis, if in their judgment that were the better
choice ; but they decided against it for the best of reasons, and
under the circumstances should stand by their choice.

As the Advisory Board have taken action without the war-
rant given them by Art. XIII, Sec. 4 of the by-laws, i. e.,
"Should any untold circumstance militate against the place
of meeting after being selected in accordance," etc., I, as
President of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Asso-
ciation, feel it my duty to declare their action at the Pitts-
burg meeting illegal, and, at the proper time, call the con-
vention to meet at Atlantic City. Indeed, as presiding officer
I cannot do otherwise, as a vote by ballot and elections can-
not be reconsidered; and it is my duty to preserve inviolate,
so far as I can, the laws of our association.

That a deliberate infraction of the by-laws was intended
no one believes, and I feel quite sure that the membership
of the association will uphold the law and sustain the offi-
cers elected to see that they are carried out.
Yours fraternally,

Chas. A. Cook,
President M. C. & L. P. A.

Wilmington, Del., Mar. 9, 1904.

Committee Report on Locomotive Painting

Editor Railroad Paint Shop :

I promised to give you a little account of the meeting of
the special committee on locomotive painting in New York,
but can barely find time to do it.

Our headquarters were at the Imperial Hotel, corner 32d
and Broadway; the hour, 11 a. m., Friday, March 4th. The
members present were J. D. Wright, of the B. & O.; W. O.
Quest, of the P. & L. E.; B. E. Miller, of the D., L. & W., and
the President of the M. C. & L. P. A., who was to act as chair-
man of the committee at this meeting. A. P. Dane, of the
B. & M., was detained by illness, and E. T. Congdon, of the
N. P. Ry Co., Tacoma, Wash., was, of course, too far away to
be expected. The President was the last to arrive at the
hotel, which was reached just as the hands of the clock
pointed to 11. His train was 30 minutes late out of Wilming-
ton, thus losing an hour at Philadelphia by failing to connect.
After hearty greetings were exchanged we adjourned to the
parlor set apart for us and got down to business. About
1 )>. in. we adjourned for lunch, then back again to our work,
which occupied us until 7 p. m., when we concluded our
labors. A .report was made up from the various papers sub-
mitted by the members of the committee. Mr. Dane was
made chairman of the committee just before its adjournment
and requested to forward the report to the Master Mechanics'
Association in time for their convention in June, 1904. There
wore also present, on invitalion. Bi'o. Tlosely, from the P. R. R.
Meadow Shops, and Bro. Butts, of the N. Y. C. & II. R. It
was ,1 very pleasant, and we trust profitable, meeting. Mr.
\V. A. I 'oik, of the Patterson-Sargent Co.. and F. E. Quest, of
the ( lcanola Co., were assiduous in their efforts for our
comfort and pleasure.

My modesty will not permit me to refrain from adding
thai T think if was one of the most businesslike occasions' I,
or (he others, ever had to do with in connection with the
association. Yours sincerely.

C. A. Cook.

144

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

April, 1904.

Obituary

Mr. Fred C. Steele, foreman painter B. & M. shops, Lyndon-
ville, Vt, died March 2, 1904. He had been in failing health
for more than a year, having a slight shock, terminating in
neurasthenia and partial paralysis. Mr. Steele was born in
Springfield, Mass., March 26, 1853, and therefore had hardly
reached his 51st birthday. He began his painting career in
the Conn. River shops in Springfield in 1872, where he re-
mained two years, and then went to the B. & A. shops at
Allston, working there about nine years. Some years later
he took charge of locomotive painting for the B. & M. at
Charlestown. From there he returned to the Conn. River
shop, afterward leased to B. & M., and on the death of C. E.
Page he was made foreman, Jan. 24, 1884; aud in July, 3900,
when the Springfield shop was closed, he was transferred to
Lyndonville, Vt., which position he held until his death. He
joined the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Association
in '97, maintaining membership for a time, but never at-
tended a convention. He was a Mason and an Odd Fellow,
also a member of the B. & M. Relief Association.
♦ • »

Notes and Comments

Mr. David Lyon has severed his connection with the Lehigh
Valley R. R. as foreman locomotive painter at Buffalo, N. Y.,
so report says.

Mr. W. H. Truman, formerly with the Southern Ry. at
Chester, S. C, we are informed, has been appointed master
painter of the Logan Valley division of the American Steel
Railways, Altoona, Pa., the appointment being effective
Mar. 14 th.

Associates D. W. Smith and F. F. Fisk are on duty again.
The former, located at the Allegheny shops of the P. R. R.,
has had a long seige with typhoid fever; the latter, at Frank-
fort, Ind., for the T., St. L. & W., still finds it difficult to get
around on that scalded leg.

The rumor of another paint-shop fire is now confirmed—
the B. & O., formerly C, L. & W., at Lorain, Ohio, which was
destroyed in December last. Associate J. G. Hilpert is stil!
holding .forth at this point, however. The result is that
the Zanesville, 0., shops of the B. & 0. take the coach work
formerly done at Lorain and therefore Geo. R. Kinney, master
painter at that point, is now very busy trying to make up
for the loss and turn out 30 cars per month.

From a letter, under date of March 8, we make the fol-
lowing extract, written by Mr. B. E. Miller, master painter
D., L. & W. R. R., who "was One of the committee referred to.
As it relates to a matter referred to the M. C. & L. P. A. by>
the Master Mechanics' Association, to be reported back to
them at their annual meeting in June, it will be of general
interest as noting progress. We hope for a report from Mr.
Cook, but haven't received it yet:

"The Committee on the Best Practice as to Painting Loco-
motives held a meeting at the Imperial Hotel, New York, on
the 4th inst., which, by the way, was a most successful one.
We worked diligently and practically completed our labor.
Two of the members were absent; Mr. Dane on account of
sickness and Mr. Congdon, of Washington, probably found
the distance too great. We had the pleasure of the company

and assistance of Bros. Butts, Hosely and President Cook,
who, by the way, acted as chairman and secretary of the
meeting, doing the lion's share of the work."

Since receiving the above the editor of these columns has
seen Mr. Dane, who had that day (Mar. 14) resumed his
duties. He had a narrow escape from pneumonia. He was
taken ill a day or two before the meeting and had applied for
transportation, and expressed his regrets at his inability to
attend.

No one who admires the artistic and beautiful should fail
to visit the handsome booth of Adams & Elting Company, in
the Liberal Arts Building, of the Universal Exposition. The
booth will be made of the finest mahogany and quarter-
sawed oak and finished in the most popular shades of the
celebrated Ad-el-ite one coat dull finisher, which are so ad-
mirably adapted for finishing dining cars, offices, libraries,
furniture' and all woodwork. The renowned Ad-el-ite paint
and varnish remover will be on exhibit there, and demon-
strations of its marvelous properties will be made for those
interested. Panels may be seen showing the beautiful effects
that can be produced by using their mahogany fillers. No-
where in the exposition will the elegance of simplicity be
more delicately displayed. The company will be glad to
have people make their headquarters at their booth and
feel perfectly at home there. Their representative will be
pleased to give any information that he may have, when
called upon.

We clip the following obituary notice from the Official
Railway Guide for March. We were associated with Mr.
Phillips on the Railroad Car Journal with this department
for some eight years and were shocked to learn of his sudden
death. Our relations were most cordial. We found him to
be square, and respect his memory accordingly. We last
saw him at our Chicago convention. He was then represent-
ing the Official Guide:

It is with profound regret that we announce the death of
Edward. A. Phillips, general agent of the National Railway
Publication Company, which occurred in New York on Feb-
ruary 26, 1904.

Mr. Phillips was Widely known among railroad men, par-
ticularly those of the mechanical departments. He was born
at Wolverhampton, England, September 8, 1863, and came to
America in 1888. Prior to that date he had been engaged
with the Hull & Beardsley Railway Company, and had also
passed several years at sea, where his ability as a sailor won
for him a shipmaster's certificate, notwithstanding his youth.
After coming to New York he was for a time with the firm
of Thomas Cook & Sons, tourist agents, in charge of their
publishing department, and in 1890 became engaged in pub-
lishing The Journal of Railroad Car Heating and Ventilating,
from which was developed the following year The Railroad
Car Journal, Mr. Phillips being president of the publishing
company. His services with the National Railway Publica-
tion Company date from the summer of 1902.

Mr. Phillips was a writer of ability, possessed of an excel-
lent literary style, and had an extensive knowledge of mat-
ters relating to the mechanics of railroads. He enjoyed a
genuine popularity among railroad men and those engaged
in industries associated with transportation interests, where
Ids agreeable personality and sterling qualities of character
never failed to win for him a high ( place in the esteem of
those with whom he came in contact.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

145

Established 1878.

RAILWAY
MASTER MECHANIC

Published by the
BRUCE V. CRANDALL COMPANY, CHICAGO

BRUCE V. CRANDALL, President CHARLES S. MYERS, Vice-President

MAHAM H. HAIG, Editor

Office of Publication, Rooms 501 and 502 The Plymouth Building,
305 Dearborn Street, Chicago

TELEPHONES

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Entered at the Post Office in Chicago as Second-Class Matter
A Monthly Railway Journal

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equipment,

shops, machinery and supplies.
Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are solicited.
Subscription price $1.00 a year, to foreign countries $1.50, free of

postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates given on

application to the office, by mail or in person.
In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Crandall

Company.

Vol. XXVIII.

CHICAGO, MAY, 1904.

No. 5.

i^ MONG the needed standards and recommended
practices worthy the attention of the Master
Car Builders' Association appears the desirability of
establishing a standard distance between the centre of
hole in fulcruM of brake beam and a straight line ex-
tending across from the face of one brake shoe to the
face of the other. When a brake beam is replaced by one
of a make other than that which was previously used, the
brake is usually rendered inoperative unless the lengths
of the rods are readjusted and it is not always possible to
make these readjustments at the time and place at which
the beams are changed. Any alterations in the rods, ar-
ranging them to lengths which are not standard to the
car, renders more labor necessary in again adjusting the
rods when the original type of beam is reapplied.
While it is hardly practical to expect beams already con-
structed or in service to be rearranged, yet it appears
worth while to provide for a standard distance for brake
beams which will be constructed in future and thus
eliminate the additional labor and expense which is ex-
perienced when making the changes here referred to.

TO avoid leaky tubes it is well known that every
effort should be made to maintain an even tem-
perature around the Hue sheet and keep up good
circulation of water within the boiler. Most damage
is done to flues and flue sheet of a locomotive under
steam when the throttle is closed, that is while drifting,
while standing on side tracks and especially over cinder
pits. Remarks relative to the use of the blower to
keep up circulation and to induce a hot fire when the
engine is not working have been already presented in
our columns.

Another direction in which a little care will react

to the advantage of the boiler is in the use of the in-
jector on passenger locomotives. It is not an uncom-
mon practice for an engine crew to leave the injectors
working while standing around stations and to shut
off the injector as the throttle is opened to start up
again. When water is put into a boiler in which cir-
culation is not kept up, cold water settles near the bot-
tom. Opening the throttle again starts circulation,
suddenly distributing this cold water throughout the
boiler, producing an effect which not only tends to
cause flues to leak and is hard on the firebox sheets,
but further tends to knock back the steam pressure
just at a time when the greatest pressure is needed to
start the train.

The most practical method of handling the injector
to advantage is to hold the water level while the engine
is working and use the injector after shutting off steam
merely to the extent necessary to avoid "howling" or
the disagreeable noise of popping while around sta-
tions. When coming into a station with sufficient
water in the boiler it will not be necessary to work the
injectors again until after the train is started and the
full pressure of steam has been raised. If it becomes
necessary to work the injector either to prevent popping
or to maintain the water at a safe level, the fire should be
forced with the blower to induce circulation and to keep
up necessary steam pressure against cold water that is
being pumped into the boiler. Where water is being
pumped merely to avoid popping, but one injector should
be used at a time so that no more water will be put into
the boiler at stations than can be used to good advantage
when pulling out.

*■ ONG flues and the wide firebox are among the in-
M^S stances in which modifications of locomotive de-
sign have been carried to the extreme. Rather than al-
leviating boiler troubles this combination of parts seems
to have aggravated them. The report of the committee
to the 1903 convention of the Master Mechanics' Asso-
ciation states that boiler troubles have increased with the
added size of boilers. As the most noticeable features,
in larger and heavier boilers are the wide grate, long
flue and smaller firebox heating surface, evidently these
must have had their effect upon failures, though the
effect of increased steam pressure must also be borne in
mind.

Many new boilers have been recently built and placed
in service embodying the features here mentioned with
no more seeming reason than that they are up to date,
or considered so. While this combination of parts of
the locomotive boiler has been rushed into, little or no
consideration appears to have been taken of the value of
the respective heating surfaces. In the attempt to get
free steamers and an apparently large total heating sur-
face the tubes have been much increased in length, at
the same lime increasing the ratio of tube length to diam-
eter. While adding to the tube heating surface, recog-

146

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

nition of the firebox, the most efficient heating surface
in the boiler, has been neglected so that the percentage
of the heating surface in the firebox has been continu-
ally diminishing in recent years.

While it is well to attempt new departures it is at the
same time more expedient to practice more or less con-
servatism instead of rushing into a departure which has
gained the reputation of being up to date in spite of the
multitude of faults which it carries with it. For this
reason' we are pleased to note that a design of loco-
motive boiler is being prepared embodying features in
decided contrast to the now generally popular, wide shal-
low firebox and long flues.

We present the leading
features of this boiler on an-
other page of this issue and
direct attention to its consid-
eration with no further criti-
cism here than that such
careful investigation is
worthy of commendation
and is a needed check to pre-
sent tendencies to follow
customs.

draftsman, who receives from the road additional pay
for this work. It is not the intention of the manage-
ment to train each apprentice to be a competent drafts-
man, but rather to give him sufficient knowledge of
mechanical drawing to enable him to read a blue print
readily. A man who is quick to grasp the meaning of
a print will plan his work and order his material while
his less efficient neighbor is attempting to determine
what is wanted.

Additional evidence of interest on the part of the

management in the welfare of apprentices is shown by

the pains taken to arrange the apprentices' schedule to

the best advantage. The

THERE is an associa-
tion among the ap-
prentices in the Elkhart
shops of the Lake Shore &
Michigan Southern Railway
inaugurated to offer advan-
tages of instruction to
its members. This ' ap-
pears a practical meth-
od of making their daily
work interesting and not
merely mechanical. It should
also increase the efficiency of
the apprentices and ulti-
mately prove good business
policy for the road.

The association meets once
every two weeks. At the
meetings lectures alternate
with discussions, the meet-
ing following the lecture
being devoted to a discussion
of the subject presented by
the lecturer. The talks are
given by foremen of the sev-
eral departments, or occasionally by supply men visiting
the shops. The room in which the meetings are held is
provided with a blackboard to enable the speaker to illus-
trate his points, and examples of the subjects discussed
are placed before the members whenever possible.

Further advantages are offered by a night class in
mechanical drawing, which meets twice each week,
and the shop management requires all apprentices to
attend regularly. The class is held in the Y. M. C. A.
building at Elkhart and is instructed by the shop

Mr. Alexander Robertson

GENERAL MANAGER OF THE TERMINAL RAILWAY ASSOCIATION OF
ST. LOUIS.

Mr. Robertson was born November 14, 1860, and entered railway service in 1885
as passenger brakeman of the Fitchburg Railroad, serving with the same road
until April, 1897 as brakeman, baggagemaster, conductor, general yardmaster,
station-master and trainmaster, consecutively. In 1897 he was appointed yard-
master of the Wabash railroad, and in February of the following year was ap-
pointed trainmaster. In September, 1899, he was promoted to division superin-
tendent at Decatur 111., which position he resigned August 1st, 1903, to become
general manager of the Western Maryland and the West Virginia Central and
Pittsburg at Baltimore. Five months later, he accepted his present office of gen-
eral manager of the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, with jurisdic-
tion over the transportation and motive power departments.

work of each apprentice is
made as broad and general
as can be consistently ar-
ranged in order that his ex-
perience may not be limited
to a few machines or a nar-
row line of work.

Touching on this subject
suggests the consideration
of how best to use appren-
tices to the advantage of the
shop and yet give them the
broad training necessary
to make competent journey-
men. If in the course of
his training a boy is shifted
from a machine as soon as
he becomes skilled in its
operation and goes as a
green hand to a new ma-
chine, while a second green
hand takes his place the out-
put of both machines suffers.
This reacts upon the fore-
man who is responsible, and
therefore it is not always
advisable for him to put a
green hand at a machine
when by so doing he will
temporarily cripple his de-
partment. On the other
hand, it is not fair to keep
a boy at a machine an un-
reasonable length of time
merely because he is capable
of turning out certain work
cheaply.
When clamoring for a change it would be consistent
for the apprentices to weigh both sides of this question,
and the same suggestion might apply to a master
mechanic or general foreman who is over-zealous in
wishing to "give the boys a show."

Judging by the list of subjects selected upon which
papers will be read at the convention of the Association
of Air Brake Men at Buffalo this month, the meeting
should be most interesting.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

147

New Shops of the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis

at East St. Louis, III.

(Continued from page 120)

Power House.

POWER for the entire plant is derived from a single
central station. While the building is not locat-
ed in the actual center of the plant, it is arranged in such
position as to be most convenient for the steam dis-
tribution, and the distance to any of the buildings is
not so great as to affect the electrical distribution.

Fig. 1 — Exterior View of Power House — Terminal
R. R. of St. L.

Steam, air and water pipes as well as all electrical
connections are led from the power house to the sev-
eral buildings through brick tunnels, which provides
for the convenience of readily reaching any point of
the several lines in case of accident and renewal. The
tunnels are of such height as to be easily traversed
by workmen, and man-holes, located at several points
around the yard, provide easy access thereto.

The power house is in a brick building, 98 ft. 2 in.
long by 92 ft. 4 in., and is divided by a center wall
into an engine room 44 ft. wide and a boiler room
49 ft. 11 in. wide. The stack is erected on a founda-
tion of concrete supported on piles. The square base
is 20 ft. across, while the circular portion is 8 ft. in-
terior diameter at the base and 150 ft. in height.
The flooring of both the boiler room and engine room
is of concrete; the boiler room floor is on the ground
level, while the engine room floor is four feet higher.
P>eneath the engine room is a basement whose flooring

is 10 ft. below the floor of the engine room, and be-
neath the boiler room is a basement of the same
depth, a section of which is 4 ft. 6 in. lower for the
pump room. The boiler room is equipped with four
Babcock & Wilcox boilers arranged in two batteries,
each boiler being of 250 H. P., supplying a total of
1,000 H. P.

The coal supply and ash are handled automatically
by an installation of the Link-Belt Machinery Com-
pany, of Chicago. Coal cars are switched to a track
on the northeast side of the building and dump into
a chute, which delivers coal in the basement beneath
the boiler room floor ; from this point it is elevated
by a system of traveling buckets and delivered to the
coal bunkers above the level of the top of the boilers.
From the bunkers coal is led through nearly vertical
chutes and delivered to the coal hoppers, from which
it is automatically fed to the grates, which operate by
the Roney system. Motion is given to the grates by
a system of levers and gears operated by a horizontal
shaft, which derives its motion from a small 5 H. P.

Fig. 2 — One of the Generating Units — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.
Westinghouse engine. Each battery is served by one
shaft and one small engine. Steam engines are used
in this connection instead of electric motors, in order
that the grates may be operated at all times, including

148

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

JFig. 3 — Four Wood Arc Lighting Machines Driven by Two Westinghouse Motors — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.

occasions when the generators may not be running,
as, for instance, in the early morning when the plant
is being started up. After feeding slowly across the^
grate, coal is thoroughly consumed, and is dumped
periodically by hand to the ash pits beneath. Tracks
are placed in the basement beneath the boiler room
in such position that small hand cars may be run
along in front of the ash chutes, and ash delivered
thereto. By this system ash and clinkers are con-
veyed to a hatch in the basement floor, through
which they are dumped, and then elevated to
the ash hopper outside of the building imme-
diately over the outside track. From this point

they are dropped by gravity to gondola cars, by which
they are transported. Provision is made for an addi-
tional battery of two boilers when further require-
ments demand such an installation. Further boiler
room equipment includes two duplex Dean pumps 12
in. by 7 in. by 12 in., and a Cochrane feed water heater.
There are installed in the engine room three com-
pound Erie engines manufactured by the Lake Erie
Engineering Works, Buffalo, N. Y. Each engine de-
velops 125 H. P. at 250 revolutions per minute, and
is direct connected to a 125 K. W. Westinghouse gen-
erator. Power for the operation of machinery is sup-
plied by the direct-current, three-wire system, using a
f-!0£ -^f— — 9 ! -/0£%->\

. 1 P^lfloj/se f/oorliru _

Fig. 4 — Cross Section of Power House — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY

Fig. 5 — Showing Attachment of Roney Stokers to

Babcock & Wilcox Boilers — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.

MASTER MECHANIC 149

ft. long x 58 ft. 10 in. wide, through which extends
one track, and the shop is to be supplied with wood-
working machinery, and the line shaft driven by a 60
H. P. motor at 630 revolutions per minute. The paint
shop is of the same length and 51 ft. 2 in. wide.
Through this section extends two tracks for the stor-
age of tanks and cars while being cleaned and re-
painted. The flooring of both rooms is of cement on
a foundation of concrete, and the building is venti-
lated by two monitors with glass ends and sides, with
ventilators arranged along the center lines of the roof-
ing. Beneath a portion of the paint shop is a base-
ment reached by a staircase located at the southeast
corner of the building, for storing paint supplies, etc.
Office and Storehouse.
The storehouse and- office building is the most cen-
trally located of the plant, and a good idea of its pro-

balancing set, and each unit is connected to the switch-
board in the same manner, so that any one may ope-
rate the entire system, or two or three may be con-
nected in multiple. The system is operated at 220
volts, maintaining a current of 500 amperes.

For lighting the terminal yards from Madison to
the Eads bridge, an arc light system is installed,
which is operated by four Wood, No. 8, arc light ma-
chines, driven by two Westinghouse motors, of 100
H. P. each, direct-connected. These machines are
shown by Fig. 3.

Air for the entire plant is supplied by an Ingersoll-
Sargent air compressor of 2,100 cubic feet capacity. In
addition to the reservoir within the power house a
second reservoir is located outside of the building, and
near the chimney, to be used in case of emergency.
A by-pass valve directs air to the main line, and in
case of an accident to the principal reservoir the sec-
ond reservoir will be connected to the compressor from
which air will be delivered to the main
line.

The engine room is served by
a hand traveling crane of 20,000
pounds capacity built by the North-
ern Engineering Works, of De-
troit, Mich.

Wood and Paint Shop.

On the side of the transfer table pit
opposite to the locomotive and machine
shop is situated a building for the wood
and paint shop for repairing cars, cabs,
tender frames, etc., and for painting
tanks and cars. The building is of
brick construction, similar to the other
structures of the plant, the roof being
supported by lattice girders carried by
the walls. The building is divided into
two shops by a center wall 13 inches
thick, one of which is to be used for the
wood shop and the other as a
paint shop. The wood shop is 100

Fig. 6 — Transfer Table — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

portions may be had by reference to the line drawing
showing the first floor plan and side elevation in Fig.
11, and by the general view of the plant presented on
page 115 of our April number. The building is 128 ft.
long x 52 ft. 10 in. wide. A portion, 52 ft. 10 in. long,

Fig. 7 — I ngersoll-S argent Air Compressor of 21,000 Cubic Feet
Capacity — Terminal R. P, of St. L.

150

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

South west elevation

50UTH EAST ELEVATION

vent, 'lafors

HORT EAST ELEVATION

TiORTH WEST ELEVAT/0/i

Fig. 8 — Elevations of Wood and Paint Shop — Termi nal R. R. of St. L.

P/on

Fig. 9 — Plan of Wood and Paint Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

151

Fig. 10 — View of Roundhouse Looking Across Turn-table — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

Line of Copper Flashing-

=3^

iompo Roof

SlOF [levatioh.

IB ^_

! ^ C.I Shoes under Posts

first Floor Plan..
Fig. 11 — Plan and Elevation of Storehouse and Office Building — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

Figs. 12 and 13 — Views of the Oil House — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

I 5 2

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

is a two-story structure and is arranged as an office build-
ing for the storekeeper, general foreman and their respec-
tive office forces. It is well supplied with window lights,
piped for water and steam and equipped with all mod-
ern conveniences. To the rear of the office is a single-
story structure yi ft. 3 in. long, which is well arranged
and equipped for the storage of material and supplies.
The building is surrounded by a long and wide plat-
form to facilitate handling material to and from cars,
and for storing such supplies — castings, etc. — as may
be exposed to the weather. A portion of the platform
immediately adjacent to the storehouse section on
each side and to the rear is covered by a shed. Along
the sides of the building this shed is supported by the
walls, and at the rear, where the shed is much wider,
it is supported by wooden columns resting on cast
iron shoes. The office building is covered by a com-
position roof; the roofing of the storehouse is of slate,
while the top covering of the ventilator over the
storehouse section is tin.

Oil House. ,

The oil house is exceptionally interesting and well
designed. It is located south of the storehouse, and
an exterior view is presented by Figs. 12 and 13,
It is constructed similarly to the other buildings
and is 43 ft. 11 in. long by 22 ft. 4 in. wide, and
two stories high. The flooring of the lower story is
of 2-in. plank supported by joists, 6 in. by 12 in., upon
an underflooring of concrete 6 in. thick. The concrete
flooring is supported by old tie rails. The second
floor is of 2-in. plank supported on wooden joists.
The building is covered by a composition roof. On
the south side of the oil house is a small platform ar-
ranged on a level with a car floor, and a second plat-
form on a level with the second flooring of the house.
Operating between these two platforms is an air ele-
vator for hoisting oil drums from the car floor level
tothe sceond story of the building. Being thus deliv-
ered to the second floor, the drums are rolled to a pair
of skids which are located on the flooring of the sec-
ond story, and immediately over the larg€ oil storage
tanks which are located on a raised platform of the
first floor. Bv means of these skids each drum may

?"x6" Roof Joist lO'CtoC.

' 1 11

Fig. 15 — Cross Section of Roundhouse — Terminal

Fig. 14 — View Inside of Roundhouse, Showing Roof
Trusses and Monitor in Roof— Terminal
R. R. of St. L.
be placed immediately over the oil tank, which it is
to supply, and by opening the bung in the drum oil is
fed by gravity to the tank beneath. Each oil tank is
equipped with a special gage, by which the desired
amount of oil may be measured, so that it may be de-
livered direct to the engine oil cans without the neces-
sity of an intermediate measure.

Bales of waste are delivered to the second story by
the air elevator heretofore mentioned. In the north-
west corner of the building is a large chute and stor-
age bin extending from the second to the first floor.
Waste is arranged in one or two pound bundles, as
desired, on the second floor and dropped into this
chute, from which it may be taken as desired on the
first floor. On the north side of the building is a large
doorway, near which is placed a counter, and firemen
applying for oil and other supplies enter through this
door, receiving their material over the counter. By
means of the arrangements here explained material is
received on the second floor and distributed on the
first floor, and the conveniences supplied provide
. ample room, so that the lower portion of the oil house
is by no means crowded. The usual precautions are
. taken in providing drip pans for catching waste oil.
Round House.
The position of the roundhouse with respect to the
machine shop and other buildings is shown by the
general plan. The roundhouse contains 16 stalls and
is served by a 70-ft. electrically driven
turntable. A cross section of this build-
ing is shown by Fig. 15, an interior
view by Fig. 14, and an exterior view
by Fig. 10. The walls are of brick con-
struction, while the roof trusses are of
wood supported by 8 in. x 8 in. square
cast iron columns, one inch thick. The
distance from the base of rail to top of
doors is 18 ft. 4 in. The building is
observed to be particularly well lighted
and well ventilated. The windows are
unusually large, and a broad monitor in
the roof extends almost the entire
R. R. of St. L. length of the house, the sides of

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MAST£R MECHANIC

153

Fig. 16 — Niles Horizontal Boring Bar, Motor Driven
—Terminal R. R. of St. L.

which are provided with glass swinging window
sashes, which are operated by chains and hand wheels
along the walls. The floor of the roundhouse is
cement and the sides and bottoms of the pits are lined
with the same material. The bottom of the pits are
concave and drain towards the turntable. The rails
are supported on treated timbers 10 ins. x 12 ins. square
There are two drop pits for driving wheels and two
drop pits for truck wheels. The building is heated by
an individual Sturdevant system located in a small
"lean-to" against the exterior wall, 25 ft. 6 in. x 19 ft.,
and lighted at night by incandescent electric lights
arranged to hang between the pits. In order that all
piping may be accessible a duct extends along the
inner circumference of the building between the pits
and the inner wall, in which are located pipes for air,
water and steam. These ducts are covered through-
out with light planking, which may be readily re-
moved. Between every alternating pair of pits branches

Fig. 17 — Location of Tools in Blacksmith Shop —
Terminal R. R. of St. L.

lead off from this duct to a point about the center of
the pits for supplying air, water and steam as re-
quired.

Coaling Station.
The coaling station is located southwest of the
plant and the plan of the coaling station, sand house,
water tank and cinder pit is shown on the general lay-

Fig. 18 — Location of Tools in Machine Shop — Terminal R. R. of St. L.

154

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

out, page 116, April issue. Inasmuch as
all locomotives supplied at this station;
are for switching service, the supply of
sand is naturally very large. The coaling
station and sand house are in the same
building, a structure of wood, and both
coal and sand are delivered from dump,
cars by gravity to the storage bins. Cars
are elevated into the sand and coal house
along an incline of about 5 to 1 by a
cable and drum, which are operated with
a 20 H. P. General Electric motor.
East of the building the water tank is
located, with spouts on two sides for
supplying engines passing along either
the north or south side of the coaling
station. Stand pipes are so placed that
water may be taken on four parallel
tracks.

Fig. 19 — Niles 1 2-Foot Boiler Sheet Rolls, Driven

by 26 H. P. Westinghouse Motor — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.

Fig. 20 — Motor Driven Planers so Located as to be

Served by Traveling Crane — Terminal

R. R. of St. L.

An Interesting Design of Locomotive Boiler

IN striking contrast to the general run of locomotive
boilers placed in service during the past few years,
wherein long flues and wide, shallow fireboxes have
been the prevailing custom, appears the design which
is here outlined. Long flues and shallow fireboxes
appear to have aggravated flue troubles, instead of al-
leviating them, and the accompanying type of boiler
is to be used on a number of new passenger engines as
an experiment. The modification embodies a number

of practical features. The. flues are to be 16 feet 6
inches long, from 3 to 3 l / 2 feet shorter than the ten-
dency of present practice indicates. The bottom of
the mud ring is 29 inches from the belly of the boiler,
where recent tendencies have reduced this distance to
about 18 inches. The slope in the throat water leg is
such that the flue sheet is 16 inches forward of the
inner throat sheet at mud ring. This arrangement
places the flue sheet and ends of tubes at greater dis-

May. 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

155

tartce from the fire, giving a larger space in which to
permit the gases to circulate and become thoroughly
heated before reaching the sheet, diminishing the ten-
dency of cold gases to rush from the fire to the tube
sheet and providing something of a combustion
chamber in which to assist more nearly perfect com-
bustion before the gases enter the tubes. The mud
ring at front is 4 inches. The throat water leg tapers
to 6 inches, to permit water to flow toward the space
around the firebox and to provide freer circulation as
water rises along the flue sheet.

The grate is narrow and the forward end of the fire-
box is between the tires of the rear drivers. In order
to secure the great depth of firebox, the rear portion of
the frame is carried by a trailing truck. The interior
of the firebox is 41^ inches wide by 126 inches long,
inside of mud ring, giving a grate surface of 37 square
feet. The mud ring slopes forward fi-om a height of
12 inches above frame at rear of mud ring to a distance
of one inch above frame at front. The side members
of the mud ring are straight, to provide against a hump
in the grate, which is noticeable in many recent de-
signs. The firebrick arch is so located that in connec-
tion with the deep firebox there is such distance be-
tween forward portion of arch and front end of grate
that a fireman will not strike the arch and pile up coal
against the flue sheet. The boiler is to operate under
200 pounds steam pressure, and supply cylinders 23
inches in diameter by 26 inches stroke. The diameter
of boiler at front end is 73 inches, and bituminous coal
is to be used as fuel. The design provides for 365
tubes, 2 inches in diameter, which, as heretofore stated,
are 16 feet 6 inches long. Of a total heating surface of
3-37?>-77 square feet, 3.136.26 square feet are in the
tubes, 18.68 square feet in the water tubes and 218.83
square feet in the firebox, and, as before stated, the
grate surface is 37 square feet. A comparison of these
several surfaces show the following ratios :

Total heating surface to grate area, 91.18.

Total heating surface to tube heating surface, 1.075.

Total heating surface to firebox heating surface, 15.42.

Tube heating surface to firebox heating surface, 14.33.

Tube beating surface to grate area, 84.76.

A Design of Locomotive Boiler With Deep, Narrow
Firebox and Short Tubes — End Elevation

Firebox heating surface to grate area, 59.008.

Total heating surface to volume of both cylinders, 269.9.

Grate area to volume of both cylinders, 2.96.

Total heating surface to weight of one cylinder full of
steam at boiler pressure, 1,218.8.

As previously mentioned, this boiler is to be tried ex-
perimentally on a number of passenger engines and in
the event of its securing the desired results in minimiz-
ing round house work on flues it is to be generally used
on a number of engines now being contemplated by the
road having this question under consideration.

In this connection it is interesting to note the graph-
ical exposition of the distribution of heat in the various
sections of a boiler as presented in Rowan's Modern
Steam Boiler, which is reproduced herewith. From the
results of experiments on the Northern Railway of
France, this author quotes the following: "From two-
fifths to. one-half of the whole quantity of water was

Tfo TTrtrTw Pft,7'o-'} fim

A Design of Locomotive Boilek With Deep, Narrow Firebox and Short Tubes — Sectional Elevation.

1,56

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

30-

r
!

23bO _ *3$-Z 6/'%-9

BoAe of ' Art? as

°b

1 1 7e/77perofc/re,
X here fromJ-?9°/:
^ /b 397° /T

Graphical Exposition of the Value of Heating
Surfaces.

evaporated from the surface of the firebox, although this
surface was less than one-tenth of the whole heating sur-
face. Per square foot of the respective surfaces, the
evaporation from the firebox section amounted to from
two to three times that of the first section of tube sur-
face."

Electric Wiring of Machine Tools

I-N the title of figure 3 appearing with the article on
the electric wiring of machine tools, presented in
our April issue, a typographical error occurred. - The
words "Four side timber dresser direct connected to 15
H. P. constant speed Crocker- Wheeler motor," should
have read "50 H. P.," instead.

Valve Lubrication

WE often read about engines making records of 600
miles per pint of valve oil, but they do not say
how rapidly they are wearing away their valves, seats,
cylinders and motion work, or how much coal is used
in overcoming the extra friction caused by poor lubrica-
tion. Take the volume of steam used in operating two
19 ins. pistons with 24 ins. stroke and a nine and one-
half inch air pump on an ordinary train for 600 miles
and vaporize one pint of valve oil in this, then take the
small amount that actually comes in contact with the
seats and walls of cylinders and it would take a micro-
scope to find any traces of it. But the proof of a pudding
is the eating thereof, and here is the record of a 17x24-
inch mogul engine carrying 140 pounds pressure and
having a 9>4-inch air pump. Engine has soft seats and
valves; type of valve, Richardson balance. Type of
cylinder packing, snap rings % inch square. Engine had
valves and seats faced, and was put into service Feb. 7,
1893. Since that time she has run 73,237 miles in passen-
ger service, 162,175 miles in freight service and 48,514
miles" switching, making a total of 283,926 miles without
having valves or seats refaced, there being less than 1-32
in. wear off of same and 1-64 in. wear in diameter to bore
of cylinders, and the seats are less than 1-100 in. from true
at present time and prospects are good of reaching the
half million mile mark before valves or seats need re-
facing. This engine averages 105 miles per pint of valve
oil. We have 19 ins. x 24 ins. engines carrying 180 lbs.
steam pressure working in heavy freight service that
compare very favorably with the above. But I imagine
someone will say : "Are not valves, false seats and cyl-
inder bushings cheaper than valve oil?" When they do,
I am prepared to coriipare repair accounts. Too much
oil is harmful same as not enough but I do not believe
in making a good oil record at the expense of the fuel
and repair accounts unless the gain is greater than the

loss.

E. N. Wiest,
M. M. of the M. & N. E. R. R.
We believe the arguments presented by Mr. Wiest to be
well taken and we hope that others will be sufficiently in-
terested to present the results of their observations along
similar lines. A comparison of repair accounts of the nature
suggested will be profitable.— Editors.

Drop Forgings

THE use of die work and drop forging is followed
more extensively by locomotive building establish-
ments than is usually observed among railroad repair
shops. Such work presents a wide field for economy in
both time and labor and by the exercise of ingenuity on
the part of those closely associated with forging work,
many parts heretofore formed at no small expense may be
turned out cheaply and at the expense of time which ap-
pears almost insignificant when compared with the old
hand method. Several examples of pieces formed in dies
under the drop hammer are shown in the accompanying
illustration which is reproduced from a photograph kindly

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

157

submitted by Mr. William Hunziker, foreman die sinker,
of the Richmond Works, American Locomotive Com-
pany, who has given much time to this class of work and
attained very successful results. The dies used in this
connection are made of steel carefully machined. Brake
pins are forged to size, the fit being made in the original
operation, and no machining is required. Holes in
sling stays are forged round or oblong, as required
for the lower and upper ends. Two hundred jaws
for boiler braces are turned out per day. The following
are included among the forms forged : Spring hangers,
spring hanger gibs, smoke box braces, sling stays, hand-
rail columns, crank pin washers, front end door clamps,
flexible stay thimbles and caps, equalizer fulcrums, spring
rigging blocks, boiler swing links, link hangers, link
hanger saddles, jaws of different styles, eye bolts from
V2. to 2.V2 ins.

Standard Front End Arrangement G. S. & F. Ry.

THE design of a standard front end arrangement to
meet the requirements of all locomotives has
been generally acceded to be impossible, and it, there-
fore, remains practical for each road to work out its own
salvation, because of the varied conditions under which
locomotives operate on different roads, and in many
cases on different divisions of the same road. At the
same time, a design of smoke box which has proved suc-
cessful under conditions for which it was designed is
always of interest, and in many cases offers some sug-
gestion worthy of consideration. The accompanying
illustrations present the design of smoke box arrange-
ment standard on the Georgia Southern & Florida
Railway, which has been kindly forwarded us by Mr.
L. B. Rhodes, master mechanic. The design illustrated
is the front end rigging as applied to an eight-wheel
passenger engine, having cylinders 18 by 24 inches, with
narrow type of deep fire box burning soft coal. While

Examples of Drop Forcings.

Section A-B

Detaies of Exhaust Pipe — G. S. & F. Ry., Front End
Arrangement.

-/7f- !

Standard Front End Arrangement — G, S. & F. Kv

1 5 8

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

this drawing has been submitted to us with-
out comment, its design appears to be that
of an arrangement which is self-cleaning
with a venge-ance, an idea which seems to
be borne out by the fact that no provision
is made for a cinder hopper. The provision
of a deflector plate is a good one, not only
directing the sparks towards the netting
more readily, but further providing against
an accumulation of cinlers in the forward
part of the smoke box. Cinders so accumu-
lated frequently become ignited, and the
heat produced thereby often results in
warping the metal of the box. Inasmuch
as the extended front is provided, we fail
to see why the netting is arranged ver-
tically instead of being arranged at an
angle so as to extend forward to the smoke
arch ring. Such a provision would have
increased the area of the netting materially,
and one so adjusted is more readily cleaned
and less liable to become clogged than, one
arranged vertically, as in the design shown.
A noticeable feature in supporting the baffle
plate is the method of attaching the same to
the exhaust pipe. It has been found that
where the plate is not securely attached a
certain amount Of motion results, causing
the plate to rub against the pipe and wear-
ing it to an extent which h,as proved objec-
tionable. This objection is obviated by
castins: a lusr on each side of the exhaust

Fig. 3— Details of Controlling Valve, Hydraulic
Driving Brass Press — L. S. & M. S. Ry.

pipe, to which the plate is bolted. The method of ad-
justing the apron is shown by the drawing. The
spark arrester used is No. 8 steel wire netting hav-
ing 2 V^ -inch mesh.

Fig. 1 — Hydraulic Driving Brass Press — L, S. & M.
S. Ry.

Hydraulic Driving Brass Press

AMONG the many up-to-date machines and appli-
ances in the new Collinwood shop of the Lake
Shore & Michigan Southern Railway we note an interest-
ing hydraulic press for forcing crown brasses in and out
of position in driving boxes. Another machine of sim-
ilar design is used for rod brasses. A general view of
this device with its connections is presented by the half-
tone engraving Fig. 1, an end elevation and a half sec-
tion is shown by Fig. 2, and the details of the controlling
valve are included in Fig. 3. The press consists prac-
tically of two vertical cylinders arranged in tandem. The
upper cylinder is connected to the hydraulic pumping
plant, which supplies the necessary pressure to force down
the plunger and accomplish the desired work. The lower
cylinder is connected to the city main, which provides
sufficient pressure to again raise the plunger when pres-
sure in the upper cylinder is released. It will be noticed
that pressure of water in the lower cylinder acts against

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

159

only a small shoulder in raising the plunger. For the
drawing illustrating this machine we are indebted to Mr.
R. B. Kendig, mechanical engineer of the L. S. & M.
S. Ry.

An Ideal Electric Plant for Railroad Shops

COMMUNICATION.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic:

I wish to bring out an item of expense incurred dur-
ing the installation of electrically driven shops which is
usually overlooked, namely, the expense of locating feed-
ers for the direct current system. In the construction
of a plant with which I am connected there were 69,000
pounds of copper put into feed wires, not including in-
side wiring of the building. This plant is operated un-
der a 240-volt direct current system with multiple volt-
age control of speed for machine tools. If high tension
alernating current had been used, much of the labor
expended in distributing the feeders might have been
dispensed with, and the cost represented by erecting the
feeders would have been enough to pay for the smaller
wires for alternating current as well as to meet the ex-
cess cost of the induction motors necessary with this
system. This would have saved the value of the 69,000
pounds of copper.

There is no doubt but that the multiple voltage for
control of speed is an excellent system in connection
with machines of variable speed. At the same time, the
induction motor is undoubtedly better for constant speed
and load, and I believe a combination of the two systems
would make an ideal general arrangement.

Such a combination of the systems can be arranged
as follows : Furnish a high pressure alternating cur-
rent from the power house and put a rotary converter
in the machine shop to convert the alternating current
into multiple voltage direct current for the machines re-
quiring it. For operating the motors driving machines
arranged in groups and for lighting, use the alternating
current.

The advantages of such a system would be not only in
the saving of copper and the provision of both currents
for the shop, but it also appears practical for lighting
freight car classification yards and depots, which may
be within a radius of a mile or a slightly greater dis-
tance. Instances are common wherein small amounts of
power are required for outlying points which cannot be
furnished by the constant current system because of the
great distance from the central power plant. In cases
of this kind this combination system would meet the
requirements by supplying the outlying points with
alternating current. O. W. Bodler.

rto/f bottom v/en of Bed Pfate ' tiatf fop nen of Bed Ptotp '

Pig. 2 — End Elevation and Half Skction oe Hydrau-
lic Driving Brass Press — L. S. & M. S. Ry.

M. C. B. Drop Testing Machine

HE Master Car Builders' drop
testing machine, which has for
some time been in process of erection,
is now completed and ready for use.
By direction of the association, this ma-
chine has been installed at the labora-
tory of Purdue University, Lafayette,
Indiana, where it will be operated under
conditions similar to those prevailing
in connection with the Master Car
Builders' brake shoe testing machine
and the Master Car Builders' air brake
testing rack. The conditions are such
that the machine may "be used not only
by committees of the Master Car Build-
ers' Assocation, but also by individual
railway companies and manufacturers
as well.

The machine has been described in
detail in the proceedings of the Associa-
tion for 1903. The drop weighs 1,650
pounds and is so designed that supple-
mental pieces may be added to increase
its weight to 2,000 pounds. The maxi-
mum height through which the drop
may fall is 50 feet. The machine may
be used in testing materials of any kind,
provided that the form of the part is
such as will permit it to be located

i6o

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

under the drop. It is especially designed to test
couplers, draft gears, axles, rails and bolsters.
Parties interested in making" use of the machine should

communicate with Prof. W. F. M. Goss, Dean of the
Schools of Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette,
Indiana.

Driving Wheel Drop Table — Southern Railway

THE Southern Railway has recently constructed a
useful drop table at their shop in Atlanta, Ga.,
for raising and lowering driving wheels, in order to save
labor and eliminate the necessity of jacking engines for
the removal of drivers, as the equipment of the shop does
not include a traveling crane over the erecting floor. A
plan view of the plant and sectional elevations are shown
by Fig. 1, and a cross section by Fig. 2. The drop table
operates in a pit 40 ft. 1% ins. long by 10 ft. 8y 2 ins.
wide and is raised and lowered by supporting screws.
The weight of the structure is carried by bearing nuts
which engage the threads of the screws. There are
eight such screws, set in niches in the walls of the pit,
arranged on 12 ft. 9^ ins. centers longitudinally and 9
ft. 6 ins. centers transversely. They are supported on
foundations of stone and each screw rotates in a cast iron
pedestal cap. The table is constructed of wood and each
section between the rows of columns is stiffened by truss
rods on which turn buckles are arranged for taking up
any slack which may develop. The side and end walls
are built of brick 22 inches thick and the bottom of the
pit is of concrete.

The mechanism operating the table entails no comlica-

tions and is very simple. Two longitudinal shafts extend
the length of the pit, each one carried in a heavy wooden
box placed above the longitudinal walls. Sections of
these shafts include worms which engage the worm

Fig. 3 — Driving Wheel Drop Table, Supporting
Screws.

wheels in which the several supporting screws terminate.
Each' shaft terminates in a bevel gear , wheel which en-
gages one of two similar wheels arranged in two pairs
on a transverse shaft located over the south end wall of
the pit. The gear wheels on the transverse shaft are
arranged in pairs to provide for revolving the main shafts
.in either direction, thereby raising or lowering the table
as desired. One end of the transverse shaft is supported
by an outboard bearing and carries a pulley which is

*—y>

Fig. 1 — Driving Wheel Drop Table, Plan View and Sectional Elevation — Southern Ry.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

161

Fig. 4 — Driving Wheel Drop Table, Bearing Nuts.

connected by a belt to a countershaft above, rotating at
600 revolutions per minute. To engage either one of the
sets of bevel gearing for operating and reversing the
mechanism a sleeve is placed on the shaft between the
bevel gears nearer the pulley and a lever pinned to this
sleeve provides for the operator's control over the move-
ment of the table.

To drop a set of drivers, a locomotive is delivered by
the transfer table to the track connected with the drop
table, and pushed into such position over the pit that
all wheels are in the clear. Both ends are blocked
up to support the weight of the engine and the table
is depressed, lowering the wheels. When the table has
been lowered a sufficient distance to permit the boxes
to clear the pedestals, the wheels are rolled forward, lifted
by an air hoist and placed on a track running the length

F/?d V/ert of Table

End V/ert of Pit

Fig. 5 — Cast Iron Pedestal Cap for Supporting
Screw.

of the building, by which they are delivered to the wheel
lathes. A specially designed truck is then lowered into
the pit and the table. raised to its initial position when the
weight of the engine is allowed to rest on the trucks.
The locomotive is then returned to the transfer table and
delivered to any desired erecting pit in the shop. The
heaviest engine now in service on the road, and which it
is probable will be placed over this pit in the near future,
is a 2-8-0 freight locomotive weighing 200,000 lbs., of
which 180,000 is on the drivers, and 20,000 on the truck.
The wheel base of this class is 24 ft. 3^2 ins. and the
driving wheel base 16 ft.

In presenting the illustrations we acknowledge the
courtesy of Mr. S. Higgins, late superintendent of motive
power of the Southern Railway, and Mr. P. L. Raymond,
general foreman of the Atlanta shops.

i»»jj>»»»/u/>»>»jm

Fig. 2 — Driving Wheel Drop, Table Cross Section-
Southern Ry.

Rig. 6 — Driving Wheel Drop Tap.le Controlling-
Lever.

l62

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

— //£ -*

(H— ^=-»

1 '-L

I f

Fig. 7 — Worm and. Worm Wheel for Operating Sup-
porting Screws of Driving Wheel Drop Table.

The Care of Locomotive Boilers

IN following up the subject of the care of locomotive
boilers, a set of instructions has come to our notice
which we are pleased to be permitted to reproduce. A
large per cent of locomotive failures are due to the boil-
ers, a fact which makes their care of vital importance
to motive power men. Realizing this, a prominent sys-
tem has developed the following rules for the guidance
of its men in order to promote efficiency in the proper
care and handling of its boilers and we understand that
since their adoption engine failures due to leaky tubes
have become almost unknown.
instructions to foremen, enginemen and hostlers.

1. Don't fail to examine the flues, staybolts and
crown stays before engine leaves division points and to
report if they are not in good condition.

2. Don't fail to keep up the fire, with the blower
and fresh coal, if necessary, while putting feed water
into a boiler, when not working steam.

3. Don't put more water into a boiler at stations
than you can use to good advantage when pulling out.

4. Don't work both injectors at the same time when
the engine is not using steam, unless it is necessary to
prevent or stop popping or to protect the crown sheet.

5. Don't put a large quantity of water into a boiler
at any one time, especially when there is ample time to
put it in by small installments.

6. Don't reduce the steam pressure more than five (5)
pounds in putting feed-water into a boiler, but shut tlje
injector off to allow the steam pressure to raise, then
start the injector again.

7. Don't open the fire door more than two (2) inches
to prevent or stop popping.

8. Don't fail to bring your engine to the clinker pit
track with a full glass of water and the fire in good con-
dition.

9. Don't blow water out of a boiler when the fire is
dirty, and in no case should there be more than one gage
blown out at a time, without replacing the water blown
out, being careful to keep up the same steam pressure.

10. Don't put water into a boiler with the injectors,
while cleaning or knocking the fire, or after the fire is
out.

11. Don't herd an engine with a dirty fire; the fire

should be cleaned and the engine then placed on the
herding track.

instructions to boiler washers.

1. Boilers cooled for any purpose should be given all
the time possible to cool down.

2. When an engine has a brick arch in the firebox,
not less than four hours' time should be used from the
time the fire is knocked until the water is out of the
boiler.

3. Blow the steam off slowly through the valve in the
dome to less than ten (10) pounds pressure before cold
water is forced into the boiler.

4. Connect washout hose to feed pipe with injector
throttle always open, allowing water to go into the boiler
until full ; then open mud ring blow-off cock, allowing
the water to run out as fast as it runs in. Continue this
until the water coming from blow-off cock is not more
than thirty (30) degrees warmer than the water entering
the boiler.

5. Remove all washout plugs and thoroughly wash
crown sheet first, except in case of crown bar boilers, then
wash through back belly plug hole, then through front
belly plug hole, or front end, and, lastly, through mud
ring plug holes.

6. Fill boiler with water of a temperature within
thirty (30) degrees of that used in washing.

7. When it is necessary to put water into a hot boiler
before firing up, it should be put through the feed pipe
with the injector throttle open the same as when cooling.

8. A change of water in the boiler should be made as
per sections Nos. 2 and 3. Do not allow the water
to get below the crown sheet and never let all of the water
out of the boiler while changing. Proceed in this manner
for thirty (30) to forty (40) minutes, leaving the water
the proper height for fire. A change of water should al-
ways be made as above, when there is not time to cool and
wash according to instructions.

9. Use graphite and oil on threads of washout plugs,
and do not screw them too tight. A sixteen (16) inch
wrench used with one hand is sufficient.

Repairs to 9 1-2 Inch Air Pumps

SUGGESTIONS in the practice of economy are al-
ways of interest and means by which savings
may be made, even in repairs of small parts, never fail
to be appreciated. Mr. H. F. Cunning, foreman of the
air brake department, Roanoke shops of the Norfolk
and Western Railway, has kindly sent us two blue
prints illustrating practices, in repairing 9^2-inch air
pumps which he has used to advantage. These are
shown by Figs. 1 and 2, in which Fig. 1 represents the
method of bushing reversing valve chamber and Fig. 2
method of bushing main valve bush.

A little observation will show that on most West-
inghouse 9^-inch air pumps which have been in serv-
ice hammer marks are evidence of the reversing valve
chamber cap having been hammered to a greater or
less extent by the engine men in attempting to jar the

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

163

valve when it may have become stuck. The threads by
which this cap is held are rather fine and the practice
of hammering strips or breaks the thread and as this
rough treatment is of very frequent occurrence a
number of top heads have been thrown away in con-
sequence. To obviate this loss Mr. Cunning has
devised the method here shown in Fig. 1 for saving
the head. The plan is to bore out the chamber to the
depth of 1 11-32 inches and apply a brass bushing of
the form shown by the illustration. The top portion
of the bushing is threaded, to a depth of J/2 inch, to
fit the reversing valve chamber cap which is desig-
nated in the Westinghouse catalogue as No. 74. After
the bushing is screwed into position a light cut is
taken to true up the chamber for the reversing valve
bush. As the latter is made large to allow repair men
to turn to fit, a ligh't cut taken through the chamber
does not make any difference. The port by which
the main valve chamber and the reversing valve
chamber are connected and which is visually referred
to in plates of the Westinghouse 9^-inch air pump
as "e," is drilled after bushing is in position. This
port is 5-16 of an inch in diameter, and is not included
in the drawing. The outside hole through which the
port is drilled is tapped out with a j^-inch standard
tap, and plugged up. The face of the reversing valve
cap is carefully scraped to seat upon the brass bush-
ing and the reversing valve bushing. Within eight
months 25 top heads have been saved by the method
here described. It had heretofore been the practice
to scrap these old heads, and the saving thus made
can be readily appreciated. The cost of labor and
material will not exceed $1.00 per head, and in con-

Fig. r — Method of Bushing Reversing Valve Cham-
ber of 9>2-in. Air IV.m p.

sidcration of the price of a new head, a saving of
about $500 is effected in the number mentioned.

The method of applying bushing to worn main valve
bush is not entirely new, but is presented with the
idea that it may be of interest to those air brake re-
pair men who have not tried it, and who may have
been in the habit of scrapping their old bushing. The
inner bushing is made of bronze and where the main
valve bush is bored out true the bronze bushing may
be finished before it is applied. As the main valve

bush is very thin in places after it is bored out, the
bronze bushing should be carefully fitted, for if the
lit is made too tight, the main bushing is liable to be
cracked.

Taper P//? — '

Fig. 2 — Method of Bushing Main Valve Bush of
9^ -in. Air Pump.

To prevent the bronze bushing from changing its
position by turning and thereby blocking the port, a
taper pin is put through the two bushings as shown.
After the bushing is pressed into the head, it is im-
possible for this pin to work out. As the labor and
material on each bushing will not amount to more
than sixty cents, a considerable saving is effected.

A Device for Planing Crown Brass Fits

IN the smaller shops, where the facility of a slotting
machine is not available, it is not unusual to machine
crown brass fits on a planer. The necessity of a device for
accomplishing this work resulted in the design by Mr.
J. S. Booth, master mechanic of the Carolina & North-
western Railway at Chester, S. C, shown in the accom-
panying photo-engraving. The parts consist of a hori-
zontal bar for carrying the tool, which is supported by
the planer head at one end and at the other by a cast iron
bracket which is bolted to the bed. The tool is secured

A Device for Plani?." ' Crown .Brass Fits.

1 64

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

by a set screw, and for rigidity is backed by a cast iron
collar, which in turn is held in place by a set screw. With
the motion of the planer bed the bracket slides along the
bar and the work is carried against the tool. The bar is
rotated by a worm and gear wheel, motion being given to
the former by a crank handle in the hands of the operator.
The several parts may be made at small cost and are very
simple. In this case the bar consists of an old piston rod
from a narrow gauge engine, the worm is merely an old

bolt with the ends turned down, and the teeth of the gear
wheel were cut by a standard tap. To perform this job
the tap was placed on the centers of a lathe and the gear
wheel supported on the tool post in such manner that
it might rotate. The threads of the tap turned the wheel
as it was fed forward, so that an even pitch was obtained
on the circumference of the wheel. The construction of
the device is clearly shown in the accompanying illustra-
tion.

Cinder Pit at Shop of Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis

THE design of the cinder pit at the new shops of the
Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, lo-
cated at East St. Louis, 111., is one of the most interesting
which has come to our notice. Its design is the work
of the engineering department of the road.

The plan, cross-section and side elevation of the pit
are shown by the illustration. Provision is made for
two parallel tracks on which ash pans are dumped,
and between these tracks is a, depressed track ,
on which gondola cars are run for receiving -and

whose bottoms and walls are formed by the founda-
tion material, and in which cinders are held by an
apron which is kept closed by an automatic clutch.
When the several chutes have become filled and a car
has been run into the pit to receive the cinders, the
aprons are freed and allowed to fall open, depositing
cinders into the car. In order that the aprons may
not open beyond a certain point, they are retained by
a chain, which is also used to again close the chutes
when they have been emptied. That portion of the

Side Cleyof/on

Cinder Pit — Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis.

transporting ash and cinders. The cinder pit
is 271 ft. long, and throughout this length the
depressed track is level, being elevated to grade be-
yond the pit. Each dump track is on a concrete foun-
dation 16 ft. deep from top of rail, of a form shown
by accompanying cross-section. The outer rail of each
track is supported on a timber 10 in. square, which in
turn rests on the concrete foundation. The inner rail
of each track is supported on cast iron pedestals. Be-
tween the several pedestals are chutes, as shown,

foundation supporting the pedestals and between the
chutes provides a surface for workmen to stand upon
when cleaning ash pans. The rails are held from
spreading by wrought iron tie rods. On each side of
the depressed track are two niches in the walls of the
pit, equally spaced from the ends, for the safety of
employes who may be in the pit when a car is ap-
proaching. The bottom of the pit is convex, draining
towards the sides, the side gutters being drained as
shown by pipe connection in the cross-section drawing.

Trbcfa 3 J d J /.eye/ f/er idi"-

T"oc/r 1 1 eye/ f/ey 996
7>-ac/r4 £/er 8b 4 inCinC/trM/

P/o/7 eve/ Psof//e of Trac/r flrrongemenr
Cinder Pit — Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

165

Traverse Shaper With Pull Cut Head

THE difference between this and the ordinary type
of traverse shaper is that the cutting tools are
reversed, the cutting" taking place during the backward
motion of the ram and quick return during the forward,
the operation being directly opposite to that in the usual
form.

The advantage of this type is that the pressure or
thrust of the tool is taken directly back against the bed
of the machine, and tends to draw the table and apron
more closely to the bed,
rather than force them
apart. This is of a de-
cided advantage, espe-
cially when heavy cut-
ting is being done, as is
the case since the intro-
duction of high speed
steels. Then, in many
cases, the work itself
can be pressed directly
against the bed of the
machine, so that the re-
sistance to the cutting
is not altogether de-
pendent upon the hard

clamping of the work and the table. Large pieces can
also be directly bolted to the bed, the tables being
removed. This is of a decided advantage in certain
classes of work.

The head is so constructed that the stress due to the
cut comes directly upon solid metal contacts, and not
upon threads, bolts or screw points, except in the case
of the set screws for holding the tool. These screws
are large in diameter, and have a long bearing. The
whole construction of the head is one of great rigidity
and strength, having the least possible tendency to yield
or spring under the cutting strain. Except for the

head, ram and such other modifications as have been
deemed necessary, this traverse shaper is similar to the
ordinary push cut machine heretofore and still made by
the Cincinnati Shaper Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, the
introducers of this tool.

A New Arch-Bar Drill

AS an example of the development of machine de-
sign among machine tool manufacturers to pro-
vide for special classes of railroad work, appears a

Traverse Shaper with Pull Cut Head.

new arch bar drill here illustrated. It has been pro-
duced by the Bickford Drill & Tool Company, Cin-
cinnati, O., and is designed for drilling with equal
facility car trusses, arch bars and brake levers, ranging
from a straight piece of 3 feet 6 inches between outside
holes to one having a drop of 18 inches, with a length
of 6 feet 8 inches between outside holes. The spindles
are driven by a constant speed pulley which imparts
to them through the medium of change gears, located
at the left end of the machine, 8 rates of speed, rang-
ing, in geometrical progression, from 32 to JJ revolu-
tions per minute. The heads, which have a horizontal

The Bickford Akcii I.ar Drill

i66

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

rack and pinion adjustment on the rail, are fitted with
individual jigs for steadying the ends of the drills.
The two center drills have a vertical adjustment of
22 inches, readily adapting them to the offset of the
work at hand and minimizing the reach of the outer
spindles. The outer, or short, spindles have a vertical
adjustment of 4^2 inches. The table feeds upward
and has feeds of .008, .011 and .014 ins. per revolution
of drills. It is provided with quick advance and re-
turn, together with automatic trip and carries two end
supports or jigs, which are adjustable horizontally and

Fig. 2 — Adjustable Roughing Reamer.

which clamp the work in position holding it securely,
also a center support or jig which is adjustable verti-
cally, so as to be readily adapted to the form of work
whether straight or having an offset in the center.
The work is placed in the machine with the drop, or
offset, down, as shown in the illustration, instead of with
the offset portion towards the spindles as is sometimes
done. The machine is capable of absorbing sufficient
power to drill simultaneously six 2^-inch holes with-'
out causing undue wear in any of its parts. One of
the chief features of this tool is its durability under
continuous and severe duty. Its form of construction,
practical and convenient arrangement for securing the
work in position, together with the adjustable arrange-
ment of the spindles, etc., is clearly shown in the illus-
tration, and further features of interest are presented
by the following general -dimensions :

Diameter of short spindles, least section. . .1 15-16 in.

Diameter of long spindles, least section 2 J /i hv

Spindles bored to fit Morse Taper No. 4

Vertical adjustment of short spindles. .... .4.J/2 inches

Vertical adjustment of long spindles. ...... .22 inches

Minimum distance between spindles 1 and 2. .6 inches
Minimum distance between spindles 2 and 3. .9 inches
Minimum distance between spindles 3 and 4. 12 inches
Maximum distance between spindles 3 and 4.20 inches
Maximum distance between end spindles. , .6 ft. 8 ins.
Max. distance under spindles over end jigs. .143/2 ins.
Max. distance under spindles over center jig. 2 ft. 8 ins.

Horizontal adjustment of end jigs 15 inches

Vertical adjustment of center jig 18 inches.

Maximum feed of table 5 inches

Size of driving pulley 20x5^2 inches

Size of tight and loose pulleys 22x5^ inches

Width of driving belt 6 inches

Speed of countershaft 300 revolutions

Floor space required 4 ft. 1 in. x 9 ft. 10 in.

Approximate weight. . . 12,000 lbs.

Adjustable Reamers

A DEPARTURE in reamer construction has been
introduced by the form of tools of this class
produced by Shellenbach & Radcliffe of Cincinnati,
O., which are here illustrated. Two types of the
adjustable reamer are made, the universal, as shown
by Fig. 1. and the roughing reamer, shown by
by Fig. 2. Of the former there are three styles, the
shell, hand and machine reamers. Taking up these
types in order, the universal reamer consists of a
body of machinery steel, from 6 to 12 cutting blades,
an adjusting collar which operates over a threaded
surface and a locking collar which secures the adjust-
ing collar in position when the desired adjustment has
been obtained. The body of the reamer is milled to
receive the blades and the bottom of each groove is
tapered. The bottom surface of each blade is arranged
on the same taper and desired diameters of the cut-
ting edges are obtained by either raising of lowering
the blades in the body, the tapered form causing the
blades to protrude or recede according to the adjust-
ment, which is provided for by the adjusting collar.
The adjusting collar has a groove turned on its inner
face to engage the tongue milled on the end of each
blade. Turning the collar moves all blades simultan-
eously, and when the desired adjustment has been
reached the locking collar is turned against the ad-
justing collar. The collars are operated by a spanner
wrench provided with each tool. The blades are held
securely in position by set screws whose bottoms engage
the surface of a groove milled in one of the side faces
of each blade. When it is desired to adjust the blades
the set screws are given about one-quarter turn to re-
lease the blades and after they have been adjusted by the
collar the set screws are again tightened up and the
blades are rigid.

Fig. 1 — Universal Reamer.
The roughing reamer has no universal adjustment.
Its body is of machinery steel milled to receive cutters
of high speed tool steel. Each blade has a groove milled
near its bottom on a taper with its bottom edge. Set
screws passing through the body of the reamer engage
the edge of this groove securing the blade in place. It
is readily seen that with the taper form of the bottom
of the groove and the location of the set screws their
adjustment is rigid and the blades cannot be forced out
of position when in contact with the work. The heel
sides of the cutters are given ample clearance. When
the cutting ends of the blades become worn, adjustment
is provided for by driving them forward from the shank

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

167

end of the reamer. This tool is for use in connection
with cored work where a considerable amount of stock
is to be removed without preliminary boring. When
started true this tool will ream a round hole straight
through the work, even though the cored hole may not
have been truly located. With such work a 2-in. reamer
will remove 24-in. of stock at one cut. The cutters are
interchangeable and are made for hard and heavy ser-
vice. Tools of this form are made in sizes from 1 in.
to 12 ins. in diameter, those 3 ins. in diameter and over,
are made in shell form.

Improved Plain Radial Drill

RADICAL changes have taken place in the past few
years in the standard of construction of radial
drills. In order to keep fully abreast of the changed
conditions and greatly increased duties now confronting
the radial drill, the American Tool Works Company of
Cincinnati, have just redesigned throughout their type
of radial drills, taking into account the several condi-

tinct rates of feed to the spindle. These feeds are all
obtained by the simple turning of a dial shown on the
feed box, until the desired feed, indexed thereon, comes
opposite a fixed pointer. This method is a simple one,
as it requires no reference to index plates and subsequent
handling of levers. The feeds operate through a fric-
tion, which permits a drill being crowded to its limit
without strain to the feed works. A plate is provided,
indicating twist drill sizes, from iy 2 inch to 3^/2 inches
inclusive, and their respective proper feeds, which, in
connection with the dial index, enables the operator to
secure immediately the proper feed for the twist drill he
is using. This involves no guess work, saves a great
deal of time, and insures the drill being used to its full
capacity. Feeds can be automatically tripped at any
position of spindle by adjustable trip dog and pointer,
acting on the work clutch. Depth graduations are on
the spindle, and all depths can be read from zero. Two
or more dogs can be supplied, making it possible to
counterbore any number of holes without resetting. The

^J YtfMt f. /?. //>- ,*

[mproved Plain Radial Drill.

tions influencing modern radial drill work. In the ac- trip acts automatically at full depth of spindle, prevent-
companying illustration is shown their new improved ing breakage of iced mechanism. The speed box is of
plain radial drill, which can be furnished with 4, 5, 6 or geared friction type, providing four changes of speed,
7 ft. arms. A feature worthy of attention on this new each being instantly available by use of the two levers
drill is the feeding mechanism in the head, an entirely shown. Frictions are of patent double band type, cm-
new and original construction. Jt provides eight dis- ploying very few parts in their construction, which can

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

thus be made of such large proportions as to be free
from slipping under the severe cuts, and obviating the
use of loose delicate parts. A motor of any type may be
readily attached at any time that it may be desired to
change to individual drive, connection being made
through chain gear, or belt. The speed box can be
easily interchanged with a cone- by simply breaking a
coupling connection on the lower driving shaft of the
machine. The spindle has sixteen changes of speed, all
immediately available without stopping the machine.
This wide range of spindle speeds, combined with the
exceptional driving power of the machine, renders the
drill equally efficient with either ordinary or high speed
twist drills. The column is of double tubular type. The
outer column is practically integral with the inner col-
umn, which extends the entire height and has full bear-
ing for outer column, at both top and bottom. This
gives the equivalent of a double column, affording ex-
ceptional rigidity. The arm is of parabolic beam and
tube section, giving the greatest resistance to bending
and torsional strain. Its design leaves the lower line
parallel with the base, and thus permits work being
operated upon in close proximity to the column without
the necessity of an extreme reach of spindle. The arm
is raised and lowered rapidly by a double-thread coarse
pitch screw hung on ball bearings, and controlled in-
stantly by a convenient lever. The back gears are lo-
cated on the head, thus bringing the greatest speed re-
duction direct to the spindle. They may be engaged or
disengaged without shock or jar while the machine is in
operation. The spindle is counter-balanced and has
frictional quick advance and return. The tapping mech-
anism is carried on the head, between the back gears and
speed box, thus giving to the friction, already very pow-
erful, the benefit of the back gear ratio, making un-
usually heavy tapping . operations possible and also per-
mitting taps to be backed out at an accelerated speed.
The lever for starting, stopping, or reversing the spindle
is controlled at the head from the front of the machine.

Personals

Mr. H. D. Taylor, superintendent of motive power of
the Lehigh Valley,' has resigned.

Mr. George Hr Brown has been appointed master me-
chanic of the St. Louis & San Francisco at Fort Smith,
Ark.

Mr. E. J. Shipp has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Mexican Railway, with office at Apizaco,
Mex.

Mr. G. W. Bynbw has been appointed general fore-
man of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western at Scran-
ton, Pa.

Mr. J. R. Skinner, assistant superintendent of motive
power of the Delaware & Hudson at Oneonta, N. Y., has
resigned.

Mr. H. C. Chandler has been appointed general store-
keeper of the Chicago Great Western, with office at Saint
Paul, Minn.

Mr. I. T. Custer, chief clerk to the general storekeeper
of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe at Topeka, Kan.,

has been appointed general storekeeper of the Coast Lines
at Albuquerque, N. M.

Mr. W. Norman Dietrich has been appointed elec-
trical engineer of the Canadian Pacific, with office at
Montreal, Que.

Mr. R. H. Barber has been appointed acting mechanical
superintendent of the Santa Fe Coast Lines, with office
at Los Angeles, Cal.

Mr. C. Barruzzi has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Hoosac Tunnel & Wilmington, with
office at Readsboro.

Mr. John Cool has been appointed road foreman of
engines of the New York Central & Hudson River Rail-
road at_ Syracuse, N. Y.

Mr. P. H. Connors, superintendent of the Susque-
hanna division of the Delaware & Hudson at One-
onta, N. Y., has resigned. - :

Mr. R. J. Turnbull, foreman of the Illinois Central
shops at Burnside, 111., has been appointed master
mechanic at Paducah, Ky.

Mr. W. A. Meagher has been appointed master me-
chanic of the St. Louis, Wat kins & Gulf, with head-
quarters at Lake Charles, La.

Mr. Wm. Miller has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Terminal Railroad Association of St.
Louis. Effective April 1, 1904.

Mr. T. F. Barton, master mechanic of the Illinois
Central at Paducah, Ky., has been appointed master
mechanic of that road at Chicago.

The headquarters of Mr. Maynard Robinson, division
master mechanic of the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe, have
been removed from Beaumont to Silsbee, Tex.

The headquarters of Mr. G. A. Schmoll, superintendent
of motive power of the Baltimore & Ohio, have been re-
moved from Newark, O., to Wheeling, W. Va.

Mr. • F. A. Symonds, heretofore shop foreman of the
Louisiana • & Arkansas, has been appointed master me-
chanic of that road, with headquarters at Stamps, Ark.

The office of Mr. Alfred Lovell, assistant superin-
tendent of motive power of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe, has been removed from Topeka, Kan., to
Chcago.

Mr. John Pullar, foreman of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe shops at Los Angeles, Cal., has been appointed
master mechanic of the Mexican International at
Durango, Mex.

Mr. J. F. Roberts, heretofore road foreman of en-
gines of the National Railroad of Mexico, has been
appointed master mechanic of that road, with office
at the City of Mexico.

Mr. R. E. McCarty has been appointed assistant
road foreman of engines of the Pittsburg division of
the Southwest system of the Pennsylvania Lines,
with office at Carnegie, Pa.

Mr. M. R. Coutant, heretofore division master me-
chanic of the Erie at Susquehanna, Pa., has been ap-
pointed master mechanic of the Ulster & Delaware,
with office at Rondout, N. Y.

Mr. William Wright has been appointed superintendent
of motive power of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific,
with headquarters at East Moline, 111. Mr. Wright was
formerly with the Vandalia Line.

Mr. J. A. Pool, general foreman of shops of the Sea-
board Air Line at Americus, Ga., has been appointed
master mechanic of the Fourth and Fifth divisions,
with headquarters at Savannah, Ga.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

169

Mr. H. A. Bowen, who has for some time been mas-
ter mechanic of the Cold Biast' Transportation Company,
Chicago, has resigned.

Mr. M. H. McGlasson has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Midland Valley Railroad, with headquar-
ters at Hartford, Ark., to succeed Mr. E. L. Moon.

Mr. J. J. Shaw, master mechanic of the Denver, Enid
& Gulf, at Enid, Oklahoma, has resigned, to take effect
May 1 st. The office has been abolished and the duties
are assumed by the general superintendent.

Mr. E, B. Gilbert, heretofore master mechanic of the
Bessemer & Lake Erie, has been appointed superintendent
of motive power in charge of maintenance and equip-
ment, and the former office has been abolished.

Mr. Eugene McKann has been appointed acting
general foreman of the Wabash Railroad at Delray,
Mich., to succeed Mr. J. M. Barnes. Mr. McKann has
heretofore been general foreman at Peru, Ind.

Mr. A. Stewart, heretofore general master mechanic of
the Southern Railway at Birmingham, Ala., has been
appointed mechanical superintendent of that road, with
headquarters at Washington, D. C, effective April 1,
1904.

Mr. W. H. Hudson, master mechanic of the South-
ern Railway at Atlanta, Ga., has been appointed gen-
eral master mechanic of the western district of that
system, with office at Birmingham, Ala., effective on
April 5.

The jurisdiction of Mr. W. C. Ennis, master mechanic
of the Pennsylvania Division of the Delaware & Hud-
son Railroad, has been extended over the Susquehanna
Division, with headquarters at Oneonta. Effective March
23, 1904.

Mr. T. N. Gilmore, heretofore master mechanic of
the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, has
been appointed assistant to the general superintendent
of motive power of the Rock Island, with headquarters
at Chicago.

Mr. H. L. McLow, heretofore division master me-
chanic of the El Paso & Northeastern at Santa Rosa,
Tex., has been appointed assistant superintendent of
motive power of that road, with headquarters at Ala-
mogordo, N. M.

Mr. G. R. Joughins has resigned as mechanical super-
intendent of the Coast Lines of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe at Los Angeles, Cal., to accept the position as
mechanical superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway
of Canada at Moncton, N. B.

Mr. W. S. Morris has resigned as mechanical super-
intendent of the Erie, and Mr. George W. Wildin, re-
cently appointed assistant mechanical superintendent,
has been appointed acting mechanical superintendent,
with headquarters at Meadville, Pa.

Mr. S. M. Dolan, master mechanic of the Southern
at Selma, Ala., has been transferred to Atlanta, Ga., to
succeed Mr. W. H. Hudson, who has been promoted.
Mr. N. N. Boyden, heretofore foreman of locomotive
repairs, has been appointed master mechanic at Selma,
Ala.

Mr. J. R. Slack, superintendent of motive power of
the Delaware & Hudson at Albany, N. Y., has been
appointed assistant to the general superintendent, and
has been succeeded by Mr. J. H. Manning, heretofore
second assistant superintendent of rolling stock of the
Canadian Pacific.

Mr. H. H. Vaughan having resigned as assistant super-
intendent of motive power of the Lake Shore & Michigan

Southern to go to the Canadian Pacific at Montreal, the
office has been abolished. Mr. R. B. Kendig, chief
draughtsman, has been appointed mechanical engineer,
with headquarters at Cleveland, O.

Mr. J. E. Mechling, assistant master mechanic of the
Pennsylvania lines, with headquarters at Twenty-eighth
street, Pittsburg, has been appointed to the position of
master mechanic of the Vandalia system, with headquar-
ters at Terre Haute, Ind., to succeed Mr. F. F. Hil-
dreth, resigned.

Mr. S. L. Bean has been appointed mechanical super-
intendent of the Santa Fe coast lines, with headquarters ■
at Los Angeles, Calif., to succeed Mr. J. R. Joughins,
resigned. Mr. Bean has been master mechanic of the
Santa Fe at Albuquerque, N. M., for about a year, pre-
vious to which time he was master mechanic on the
Northern Pacific.

Mr. H. W. Arnold, who resigned as general foreman of
the Santa Fe shops at Newton, Kan., in February, has
gone to Raton, N. M., where he will have charge of the
Santa Fe shops at that point. Mr. Charles Wincheck,
who recently resigned as master mechanic of the Mexican
Central, has been appointed general foreman of the Santa
Fe shops at Needles, Cal.

Mr. J. W. Oplinger has been appointed mechanical in-
spector of the Atlantic Coast Line, with headquarters at
Wilmington, N. C. Mr. Oplinger will report to and re-
ceive instructions from Mr. R. E. Smith, assistant to the
general manager. He will confer with the superintend-
ents of motive power and the master mechanics in refer-
ence to mechanical details. Mr. Oplinger has hereto-
fore been master mechanic of the company at South
Rocky Mount, N. C

Mr. A. E. Mitchell has resigned as superintendent of
motive power of the Northern Pacific, effective on May
1 , to accept the position of superintendent of motive power
of the Lehigh Valley, with headquarters at South Bethle-
hem, Pa. Mr. Mitchell has been with the Northern Pacific
since August 15, 1902, previous to which date he was for
less than a year assistant superintendent motive power of
the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. He was formerly
for many years superintendent motive power of the Erie.

Robert Sample Miller, until recently associate professor
of machine design of Purdue University, died on March
27, 1904, at Lafayette, Ind., at the age of 28 years. Pro-
fessor Miller was a graduate student of Purdue Uni-
versity, having finished his course in 1897. After his
graduation he was appointed assistant in mechanical en-
gineering, a year and a half later he was made assistant
professor of machine design, and in 190 1 was promoted
to the position of associate professor of machine design,
which position he held until near the close of his life.
In the summer of 1902 -he was given leave of absence, on
account of ill health, and went to Colorado. He was
somewhat benefited by this change, and accepted an ap-
pointment as professor of mechanical engineerins: in the
University of Colorado, at Colorado Springs. He was,
however, obliged to give up this position within a very
short time, on account of illness. He afterward returned
to Lafayette, where he died within a few weeks.

Technical Publications

Suplee's Mechanical Engineer's Reference Hook. -This
book is devoted principally to the presentation of tables, for-
mulas, and reference data for mechanical engineers. Its
strongest features are in the portions relating to machine de-
sign and lo such InfoviTip.tion as will render it useful in the

170

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

drawing room and in the designing- room, rendering it avail-
able in furnishing a record of general principles as well as of
detailed method. Only those formulas which are most gener-
ally applicable have been presented thus relieving the user
of the necessity of selecting from a mass of contradictory in-
formation. In view of the fact that the metric system has
been under active discussion of late, a number of the tables
have been presented in both British and metric units, so
that those engineers who are desirous of using the latter sys-
tem may do so. Among these tables may be mentioned the
metric steam table, which renders it convenient for steam
computation to be made in the metric system. The work
as a whole is subdivided under the following headings:
Mathematics, Mechanics, Materials of Engineering, Strength
of Materials, Machine Design, Heat, Air, Water, Fuel, Steam,
Steam Boilers, Steam Engines, Internal Combustion Motors,
Cost of Power, and Works Management. A feature of con-
venience is the provision of thumb indexes to facilitate the
immediate location of the several subdivisions concerning
the subjects treated. Published by J. B. Lippincott Company,
Philadelphia. Price $5.00.

The 1904 Air Brake Catechism by C. B. Conger.— The twen-
ty-second edition of Mr. Conger's air brake catechsim is now
appearing under the above title. The work has been thorough-
ly revised and brought up to date. It embodies the latest
types of botli the Westinghouse and Xew York air brake
systems and has been approved by officers of both companies.
The text is well illustrated by line drawings of the several
parts of the air system. In addition to the general descrip-
tive matter, an interesting feature to those preparing for pro-
motion is the list of air brake examination questions. The
book is strongly bound and is of convenient size to be carried
in the pocket. Published by Derry-Collard Company, New
York City. Price $1.00.

Hardening and Annealing Furnace

The accompanying illustration represents the hardening and
annealing gas furnace, No. 4, manufactured by the C. B.
Manchester Gas Furnace Company, of Providence, R. I. Fur-
naces of this type are designed to heat a square or oblong

work of Muffle furnaces perfectly, except where the absolute
seclusion of the work from the products of combustion is nec-
essary. They are used for heating cutters, dies, reamers,
shears and knife blades, saws, and for annealing all kinds of
work of steel, iron, brass and other metals. The floor space
occupied by this furnace is 24 by 30 ins.; its heating space is
10 by 18 ins. and the door opening is 10 by 6 ins. It uses 125
ft. of gas per hour.

■» » »

New Type of Canvas Diaphragm

It is a fact, though perhaps unnoticed by those not directly
connected Avith the transformation, that no part of a vesti-
bule passenger car has undergone so complete a change in
the matter of general practice as the diaphragm. Within the
past three years the canvas diaphragm has displaced those
made of rubber on fully 95 per cent of the railroads in the
United States, and at the largest car building plant in the
country only two cars have been equipped with rubber
diaphragms during the past year. In that short space
of time the rubber diaphragm has been almost univer-

, Hardening and Annealing Furnace.
piece of any desired dimensions evenly throughout, to any
required degree from cherry red to white heat, and to main-
tain the required temperature steadily. They will do the

Fig. i — Climax Diaphragm.

sally supplanted by a diaphragm made of canvas belting.
There is nothing strikingly new about diaphragms made of
belting, as the first full sized sectional model prepared for
Mr. Sessions, the inventor of the Pullman vestibule, was
made of belting riveted together and the second was of rub-
ber belting cemented together. The latter form was adopted
by Mr. Sessions, and was for many years universally used
until owing to competitive activity the quality deteriorated
until the average life of rubber diaphragms was reduced
to two and one-half years. About the same time the Wagner
vestibules were equipped with canvas sewed diaphragms,
many of the original being still in service on the Northern
Pacific Road.

Several roads began about 15 years ago to substitute can-
vas sewed diaphragms, among them being the Northern Pacific,
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Pock Island, Chicago, Milwau-
kee & St. Paul and Chicago & Northwestern. Later on several
others followed, but it was not until January, 1901, that a
canvas diaphragm was commercially made. The reduced first
cost being one-half and the durability several times as great,
this form found ready sale, but about a year later, owing

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

171

Leof/?er S/r?d/f?g
Cof/o/7 fo6r/c

F?u6ber Foot

Fig. 2 — Pullman Diaphragm.
to complaints, the riveted form was abandoned by the mem-
bers of the manufacturing firm, and a sewed diaphragm sub-
stituted. This proved very popular and the sales of the
riveted diaphragm dropped from about 500 in May, 1902, to
36 in December, of the same year, while in the same period
of time the sales of the sewed type increased from 30 to 895.

This sewed form met the requirements very well in some
respects, but car builders soon found that a stronger corner
could be produced to hold up the crown or top and prevent
sagging; a more substantial binding could be used capable
of resisting wear and the elements, and an adjustable foot
or bottom used which could be cut off without the material
unraveling and preventing danger of burning.

To meet these requirements the "Climax" diaphragm has
been put on the market by the same firm which originally
and for several years later exclusively supplied diaphragms
to the Pullman Company. The "Climax" is ordinarily bound
with belting leather, the grain being used for the inside and

the split— which is capable of being more thoroughly water
the weatherproofed— is used on the outside. Where especially
requested rawhide or other binding can be used.

The corners of the "Climax" are constructed on mechanical
lines so as to form a keystone at the top and thus prevent
sagging. The corner is made by inserting a solid leather
fillet, triangular in shape as shown in figure 2. This is the
thickness of the belting, so that it prevents cutting away
any material at the corners and allows the inside of the
belting to form a perfect retangular joint. The upright and
longitudinal sections are then securely "tied" by two heavy
locked stitches practically parallel. Then when the heavy
binding is applied the sections are absolutely "framed"
in as will appear from the illustrations. To prevent
errors due to shrinkage or variations in car heights, and
to furnish a durable wearing part where the diaphragm rubs
against the lower buffer plates and at the same time allow

Fig. 3 — Cross Section of the Pullman Diaphragm.
Fig. 4 — Cross Section of the Gould Diaphragm.

Rubber r~oof

Fig. 5 — The Gould Diaphragm.

the bottom to be trimmed to a proper fit and to prevent the
material from unravelling, feet of rubber packing are used.

The "Climax" is treble sewed throughout, with a locked
stitch of eight strand Irish linen thread. One seam is sewed
through the edges of the belting before the binding is applied
and thus absolutely protected from the weather, and two
more seams spaced about a quarter of an inch apart through
the binding. The complete diaphragm presents a thoroughly
substantial and mechanical appearance.

The corner construction of the Gould is similar to the Pull-
man type, differing only in dimensions and number of folds
or leaves.

The "Climax" is made to conform to all types, including
Pullman, Gould, American Car & Foundry and Buhoup vesti-
bules.

In all other types the same relative points of betterment
are retained, as will appear from the illustrations.

Where rivets are asked for on the Pullman type they are
supplied at no extra cost, but one of the three seams is
omitted to make room for the insertion of the rivets.

172

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

Patents fully covering the essential features of the above
diaphragm have been allowed by the United States patent
office, and, remarkable as it may appear, there was not a
single citation as to infringement. The "Climax" is manu-
factured by W. H. Salisbury & Co., No. 109 Madison street,
Chicago, where they have established a complete factory,
and the department is under the management of Mr. Fred F.
Bennett, well known in connection with the manufacture and
sale of canvas diaphragms. Mr. Warren M. Salisbury, the
head of that firm, prepared the models for Mr. Sessions'
diaphragm, referred to above, and supplied the first dia-
phragm ever applied to a passenger car.

Thirty-Four Inch Vertical Boring and Turning
Mill

The accompanying half-tone engravings illustrate a 34-
inch vertical boring and turning mill built by the Colburn
Machine Tool Company, Franklin, Pa., and the set of tools in
finishing turret used in its operation. The capacity of this
mill is 34 inches in diameter. It will take 14 inches under
cross rail and 22 inches under the turret. It has 16 changes
of speed, varying from 2% to 68% revolutions per minute.
The feeds are positive, gear driven, x both vertical and hori-
zontal, and provided with adjustable automatic stops. The
chuck is of extra heavy design, and all parts are very strong.
The scroll is made from a steel forging, and the chuck is
both universal and independent. The jaws are fitted in T
slots, planed in supplementary steel slides which can be ad-
justed separately by an independent screw underneath. The
driving cone shaft is placed parallel with the cross rail and
the machine may be located under a traveling crane and

belted back to the countershaft, leaving a clear space over-
head for crane service. The driving gear is of cast iron and
made fast to the chuck, so that there is no twisting strain
on the spindle. It is driven by a 3 pitch steel pinion through
a powerful train of gears. The ratio of the constant train
is 7% to 1, and the ratio of back gears is 4.5 to 1. The 16

34-iN. Vertical Boring and Turning Mill.

Set of Tools Finishing Turret.

changes are graded to give a perfect goemetrical progression.
The spindle is 6 inches in diameter and runs on a bronze
shoulder ring.

The vertical slide has a travel of 18 inches either by hand
or power, and is carried on a swivel saddle attached to the
cross slide by four bolts, working in a circular T slot. When
the power feed is used, an adjustable automatic stop regu-
lates the length of travel as desired. A graduated scale 18

inches long is attached to the
turret slide cap, parallel with
rail within easy reach of op-
erator, and without having to
use a wrench.

The turret is 10 inches in
diameter, five-sided ,and has a
hole in each side bored to fit
tool shanks, 2 1 / 4 inches in diam-
eter. Each side measures 5%
inches long by 5% inches high
and has four %-inch tapped
holes for clamping special tools
to turret. The turret has a
clamp lever, which remains in
a vertical position when re-
leased. The lock bolt is of
hardened tool steel ground per-
fectly true, and works in a
hardened tool steel index ring
also accurately ground.

A micrometer dial is fur-
nished to set over collar on
cross feed screw, which proves
a great convenience in provid-
ing a fine adjustment for depth
of cut.

The thread cutting attach-
ment may be quickly applied
and the turret slide. The latter
has an adjustable pointer which
moves over the scale indicating
at all times the travel of the
turret slide. A counterbalance
weight suspended within the
column and connected to the
turret slide makes it easy run-

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

173

ning. The turret slide can be swiveled to any angle up to
30 degrees either side of the perpendicular. This operation
is unique and is accomplished by simply turning the crank
on the vertical feed shaft, first having locked the weight cable
by means of the clamp on the sheave wheel bracket on top of
the machine, and loosening the clamping bolts on the swivel.
The cross slide has a travel of 15% inches, either by hand or
power. It is equipped with adjustable automatic stops for
tripping feed, as well as means for clamping slide to cross
remain permanently attached to the machine without inter-
fering with its regular operation. It consists of an arm
having a fixed stud forming a bearing for change gears. This
is attached to the side of the feed gear case, so as to bring
the change gear in mesh with the proper gear in the train.

The Cleveland Pressed Steel Carline

The use of steel in car construction is increasing rapidly,
and a new company known as the Cleveland Car Specialty
Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, has recently been organized to
place on the market some pressed steel car specialties.

The Cleveland City Forge & Iron Company has just in-
stalled a complete plant of the latest types of heavy hydraulic
and pneumatic machinery for the work of the Cleveland Car
Specialty Company, and the
first article ready for the mar-
ket is the pressed steel carline.
This carline is manufactured
under the Haskell and Maltby
patents now owned by the
Specialty Company. There are
now over 75,000 of them in
service and they are constantly
growing in favor.

The pressed steel carline is
light in weight, pleasing in ap-
pearance, and very strong, be-
ing about 2% times the strength
of the same weight of rolled
commercial shapes. The use of

seven carlines per car (a reduction of practically 50 per cent
over wooden carlines), at the same time gives greater strength
and rigidity to the roof, and permits a saving in weight of
from 250 to 300 pounds per car. The height at eaves with
the pressed steel carline is from 2 to 4 ins. less, with same in-
side dimension, or the cubic capacity may be increased. The
cubic capacity of the A. R. A. standard car is 2,448 cubic feet,
while the same car with Cleveland Pressed Steel Carline has
2,537 cubic feet.

A 38 ft. car recently built, equipped with seven steel car-
lines was tested with a load of 15,000 pounds on the running
board. This only caused a deflection of % in. in the carline,
without any permanent set in the carline when the load was
removed.

The pressed steel carline passes over the side plates, hav-
ing lips turned down over outside of plates, to which carlines
are securely fastened by half inch bolts which binds side
plates together, making spreading of sides impossible. The
steel carlines do not stretch, cannot shrink and are always
the same distance apart, this in connection with the purlines
and ridge pole securely bolted to carlines results in a rigid
and substantial construction that proves a sure cure for leaky
roofs.

The steel carlines are indestructible, and in cases of total
destruction of a car by fire or other causes, they will have
a scrap value of $2.50 to $3.00 per car, and are guaranteed
to last for the life of the car.

The Cleveland Pressed Steel Carline is designed to be used
with any style of roof, whether outside or inside metal, plastic
or double board and will increase the life of any car roof
with which it may be used. In cars where the under course

of boards are laid lengthwise of the car, a special nailing-
strip is inserted in the carline.

There are two designs of pressed steel carline, the standard
U shape section, and a composite carline, being the wooden
nailing strip combined with a one-half or Z section of the
standard carline. The combined carline is designed particu-
larly for use in connection with longitudinal roofing board
construction.

With the use of the Cleveland Pressed Steel Carline, rail-
roads will be enabled to obtain in freight cars and stock
cars the very desirable points of increased capacity, greater
durability, lighter and stronger construction without material
increase in cost.

In addition to the carline, there will soon be ready for the
market a new pressed steel spring plank and other pressed
steel specialties.

Catalogue of Machine Tools, Niles-Bement-Pond

Company

We are in receipt of a comprehensive catalogue of machine
tools from the Niles-P>ement-Pond Company, which is one of
the best productions of its kind that has come to our notice.

TTir

"iS" "P sectionB-3 SectionA-A

r 1

The Cleveland Pressed Steel Car Line.

The catalogue opens with six full page illustrations of the
various works of the Niles-Bement-Pond Company, and fol-
lowing these are thirteen pages of medals and diplomas
awarded the various constituent companies of this concern.
These medals date as far back as 1871. The medals of the
more recent expositions, however, are much in the majority.
The reproductions of the medals are particularly excellent.

After the medals, the main part of the catalogue begins.
First are the machines for railroad shop use. These include
a most complete line of driving wheel lathes. Fourteen dif-
ferent full-page illustrations are given of these machines, show-
ing all sizes from 51-inch to 100-inch swing, and one or two
special machines adapted particularly to the use of modern
high power tool steels. The other railroad tools include three
different styles of car-wheel lathes, a large variety of axle
lathes, cutting-off and centering machines, quartering ma-
chines, car-wheel borers and hydrostatic wheel presses.

The next division of the catalogue is devoted to lathes in-
cluding all sizes from the Pratt & Whitney bench lathe to
the massive Bement 125-inch crank shaft lathe. The large
variety of heavy lathes shown is especially complete. Be-
sides the standard lathes, a number of special lathes includ-
ing pulley lathes, turret lathes and automatic screw machines
are shown.

Fifty pages are devoted to planing machines, and a spe-
cially large variety of heavy planers are shown. Various
methods of driving by magnetic clutches and motor mounted
on the top of housings are illustrated. The large portable
rotary planers are among the most interesting machines de-
scribed in 1his section of the catalogue. These machines are
self-contained, the motor being mounted on the saddle. The
largest has a swing of 120 inches, and is arranged so that it

174

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

can be lifted by a crane and placed in any position on a floor
plate. Slotting machines and milling machines take a large
number of pages; several very handsome full-page illustra-
tions being devoted to work done on the Pratt & Whitney
thread milling machine. A large number of heavy drills are
shown, including vertical drills, radial drills and multiple
drills.

Among the most interesting pages in the catalogue are
those devoted to boring machines. First are the horizontal
boring machines which include all varieties of boring ma-
chines in which the work remains stationary, the cutting
being done by revolving cutters. A particularly complete
line of floor boring machines or horizontal boring, drilling
and milling machines are shown, including every conceivable
variety of these machines.

Fifty pages are devoted to boring and turning mills. Here
again, the large mills are most interesting, but more space
has been devoted to describing the smaller machines. The 16-
foot and 20-foot mills are particularly massive.

Following the section on boring and turning mills are a
few pages devoted to miscellaneous machine tools, and then
comes a very complete line of boiler shop machinery includ-
ing plate planers, bending rolls, punching and shearing ma :
chines, hydraulic presses, steam and hydraulic riveters. In
the latter part of the catalogue, the full line of Bement steam
hammers is illusrtated, together with a number of installa-
tions of Niles electric traveling cranes. The last pages are
devoted to the small tools made by Pratt & Whitney Company.

In the arrangement of the catalogue, particular care has
been taken to put the various machines in their logical order,
so that any machine can be found without reference either
to the table of contents in the front of the book or the com-
plete index at the back. Metric as well as English dimensions
are given throughout and code-words are placed under each
machine.

The whole catalogue is a particularly good piece of press
work, the cuts coming out with great sharpness and clear-
ness. Some idea of the size of the book can be obtained from
the fact that it weighs about 10 pounds. While the catalogue
is not intended for general distribution it will be gladly sent
to users of heavy machine tools.

The Joy Line's New Steamer

The Joy Line between New York and Providence and New
York and Boston has purchased the large and elegant pas-
senger steamer State of Maine, for service in their daily
line between New York and Providence. This steamer, to-
gether with her sister ship, the Larchinont, provides a service
to and from Providence not excelled by any line out of New
York. These steamers are provided with all modern ap-
pliances conducive to elegance, comfort and safety, and the
dining room, where the meals are served a la carte, at rea-
sonable prices, is on the saloon deck. The Joy Line is surely
well established as one of the most popular transportation
lines out of the port of New York, and its patrons will ap-
preciate the action of the management in providing the best
that is to be had, and always maintaining the lowest rates
for either passengers, express or freight.

Barrett Jacks for Siberian Railway

The Duff Manufacturing Company, Pittsburg, Pa., sole manu-
facturers of the Barrett Jacks, have received a large contract
for a carload of track jacks for Russia, same to be furnished
for the Siberian Railway. This railway, and in fact nearly
all the Russian railways, have been using Barrett Jacks for
a number of years, but this contract is unusually large on
account of the Siberian railway being such an important fac-
tor in the Japan-Russian War, in the way of transportating
troops, supplies, etc., to the seat of war.

This contract is important also in that it puts aside the
somewhat prevailing belief that Russia did not intend to pur-
chase any of its supplies in the United States, but would
look to European markets for its requirements.

The order for jacks is to be rushed forward at once as
they are urgently needed for the repairing of permanent track,
and for the construction of new track to take care of the de-
mands of the Russian government.

It is quite a coincidence that on the same day the Duff
Manufacturing Company received the contract from Russia,
they received an inquiry for a rush order of Barrett Jacks for
the Japanese Railways. It is a peculiar incident that the two
warring nations should send specifications for the same
article to the same firm on the same day.

Train Operated in New York Subway

The first real train to make a trip through any consider-
able portion of the subway in New York was taken through
•by an "L" road engine. It consisted of one of the new
subway passenger coaches and a flat car. The cars and
engine were drawn by horses to One Hundred and Twenty-
, third street and Broadway and put on the subway tracks
two weeks ago. There the rapid transit road leaves the
tunnel and runs on a viaduct across Manhattan valley. A
break has been left in the wall at that point. The trip was
chiefly for the purpose of inspection by engineers. The
start was made from One Hundred and Twenty -third street
at. 2: 30 o'clock. From there the train ran up to the mouth
of the tunnel under Washington Heights. Then returning
over the viaduct it entered the tunnel at One Hundred and
Twenty-third street and continued downtown. The engine,
which was between the flat car and the passenger coach,
was fitted for burning oil, so there would be as little smoke
as possible.

An Interurban Railway Association

On March 31, the managers of a number of interurban
electric railways met in Dayton, 0., and organized the Ohio
Interurban Railway Association. During recent years there
has been a great deal of electric interurban railway construc-
tion carried out in the state of Ohio, and the necessity for
exchange of opinions and for co-operation between the vari-
ous companies has shown the need of such an organization.
More than sixty men, representing about thirty railway com-
panies, were present. The president of the association is
Mr. Harry P. Clegg, president of the Dayton & Troy Ry.,
Dayton, 0., and the secretary is Mr. J. H. Merrill, purchasing
agent of the Western Ohio Ry., at Lima, 0. The next meet-
ing will be held in Cleveland some time during the month
of May.

Exhibit of Fish by the Grand Trunk Railway

At the St. Louis World's Fair the Grand Trunk Ry. has
a separate pavilion in the palace of forestry, fish and game,
in which are being installed some fine specimens of fish
native to Canadian waters. The Grand Trunk exhibit also
includes heads of game from the forests of Canada. The
exhibit is being installed under the direction of H. R. Charl-
ton, advertising agent, of Montreal, and R. McC. Smith, south-
ern passenger agent, of Detroit.

Car Ferry jor the Michigan Central

The Michigan Central R. R. has closed a contract with
the Great Lakes Engineering Company, of Detroit, for an
ice crushing car ferry to go into commission next October
and run between Detroit and Windsor. The new boat will
cost $315,000. It will be propelled by two screws forward
and two aft, each operated by an independent engine.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

175

Golden State Limited Discontinued for the Season

The California season having practically ended, the Chi-
cago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry. has taken off their Golden
State Limited. The last train, west-bound, left Chicago on
April 15th. This train was put on only for the heavy traffic
during the winter and will be resumed sometime during
November. This company still runs two through trains to
San Francisco, one by way of El Paso and one through
Colorado, in addition to their Rocky Mountain Limited, which
makes close connections with San Francisco and Los Angeles
trains.

Notes of the Month

During the past month the offices of the Kennicott Water
Softener Company were removed to 525-527-529 Railway Ex-
change Building, corner Jackson and Michigan boulevards,
Chicago, 111.

After May 1st, the Chicago office of the Baldwin Locomo-
tive Works will be located at 623-625 Railway Exchange
Building, and the office of the Standard Steel Works will oc-
cupy the same suite.

The four world's fair locomotives recently built by the
Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Norfolk & Western Ry.
and forwarded to St. Louis last week were equipped with the
"Barber" lateral motion truck.

F. W. Bird & Son, of East Walpole, Mass., are shipping over
four million square feet of their Neponset insulating paper
and six hundred asphalt torsion proof car roofs to the Ameri-
can Car & Foundry Company, for the construction of refrig-
erator cars.

♦ • »

"Dust Collecting" is the title of the new catalogue No. 57
issued by the Hartford Blower Company to describe their heat-
ing, ventilating and drying systems as well as their exhaust
and blow pipe system, and forced and induced draft systems.
This establishment is located at 160 Sheffield street, Hartford,
Conn.

■» » »

Mr. E. H. Symington, until recently with the Railway Ap-
pliances Company, has opened an office at number 315 Rail-
way Exchange Building, Chicago, where he is now located
as general western sales manager of the T. H. Symington
Company, Baltimore, Md., a well-known establishment han-
dling railroad specialties.

Handsome illustrations of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion are embodied in a strikingly attractive souvenir booklet
of views which has been prepared by the passenger traffic
department of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, and is
issued exclusively by this company. Copies of the same may
be had for 25 cents by applying to Mr. George Morton, gen-
eral passenger and ticket agent St. Louis, Mo.

The Falls Hollow Staybolt Company is distributing a small
pamphlet discussing railway motive power expenses and
some of the causes of their increase. This pamphlet touches
on several features in railway operation which increase ex-
penses, laying especial stress on broken staybolts, bad water
and imperfect combustion. Copies of the same will be fur-
nished by application to the above named company.

The Corliss engines, air compressors, and high pressure boil-
ers manufactured by the Murray Iron Works, Burlington, la.,
are comprehensively illustrated in their catalogue No. 55,
which is now ready for distribution. This company was in-
corporated Feb. 1st, 1870, and has been for 34 years engaged

in operating foundries, engine shops and boiler works Its
plants are well located in Burlington and West Burlington
la., and Aurora, 111.

The Pittsburg Crushed Steel Company, Pittsburg, Pa
patentees and sole manufacturers of steel emery and s'teelite
are distributing a booklet directing the attention of the en-
gineering field to the superiority of steel emery for grinding
purposes. Steel emery is intensely hard, and does not puh
verize and become inert. In ordinary grinding, steel emery
is used in precisely the same way as ordinary emery, but
special care must be exercised in its use on account of the
grains of steel emery being so much smaller than other
abrasives.

On May 1st the Walson-Stillman Company, remove their
offices and a large stock of goods to 46 Dey street, New York
City. In a short time all of their machinery will be re-
moved to their new works at Aldene, Union county, N. J.,
where there will be ample rom for the plant to expand. This
point is located about four miles west of Elizabeth, and one-
half mile from Roselle Depot, via trolley. The works are lo-
cated at the junction of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Balti-
more & Ohio Railroad and on the low grade connection be-
tween the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad
of New Jersey, with a track 1,000 feet long in the yards.

That the Allen portable pneumatic riveting machines built
by John F. Allen, 370-372 Gerard avenue, New York City, will
not only do good work, but continue to do it without con-
stant repairs, is confirmed in a statement recently made to
the manufacturer by Mr. Wm. F. McNeill & Co., New Glas-
gow, N. S., Canada, who says: "The riveter purchased of you
June 27, 1901, is giving us every satisfaction and has not cost
us one penny for repairs since we put it in the shop." This
company has recently sold one of the latest John Allen rivet-
ing machines to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company at
Reno, Nevada. The machine has 55-in. reach, 12-in. cylinder
and 20-in. gap, and is one of the largest size riveters built by
this well-known concern.

■» « »

The following list of cars and locomotives were among re-
cent orders received by the Standard Car Truck Company,
all to be equipped with the "Barber" lateral motion trucks:'
Chicago, Lake Shore & Eastern, 250 100,000 capacity cars;
Canadian Pacific Ry., 1,600 freight cars; Erie Railroad Co.!
200 refrigerators'; Erie Railroad Co., 15 elliptical spring milk
cars; Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, 1,000 box cars; Dela-
ware, Lackawanna & Western, 500 steel cars; Goodwin Car
Co., 60 special dump cars; Great Northern Ry. Co., 27 special
fish cars; Central R. R. Co. of New Jersey, 10 special cinder
cars; A. E. Bryan Co., Chicago, 2 special purpose cars; Nor-
folk. & Western Ry., 4 locomotive tenders; Bismark, Wash-
burn & Great Falls, 1 locomotive tender.

A foreign exchange states that the Cape to Cairo Railway
will soon reach the Zambesi at the Victoria Falls, and the
first through train from Capetown to the Zambesi will run
in April or May. On Febuary 1 the rails were within 48
miles of the Victoria Falls, and the excavations for the great
bridge which is to span the Zambesi were in active progress.
The first portion of the bridge work is now on its way to
South Africa, and it will be followed by the remaining sec-
tions as rapidly as possible, so that the erection of the
bridge may be completed this year. With the setting up of
the bridge and the completion of the line to that point, the
present contracts will expire. The next section of the line
to be built will be from the Zambesi northeast to Broken
Hill, a distance of 350 miles, in the direction of Lake Tan-
ganyika.

176

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Railroad Paint Shop

May, 1904.

Raited by

CHARLES £.. COPP j&j&&

General Foreman Painter B. (Sb M. Ry.

Official Organ of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters'

Devoted to the Interest of
Master Car and
Locomotive Painters

Association.

M. C. & L. P. A. Portrait Gallery

J. C. HAETMAN.

Mr. Hartinan was born iu Baltimore, and at sixteen years
of age entered as an apprentice in a large coach factory; and,
after five years of service, was made foreman in charge of
entire works. Two years later, on dissolution of the concern,
he entered the employ of the Baltimore & Hall Springs Rail-
way as foreman painter. On change of management, four
years later, he was employed at the Northern Central railway
shop in Baltimore, where he remained until a position as
painter in charge was offered him on the Baltimore & Towson

Mr. J. C. Hartman.

Railway, where he remained eight years, when he again en-
tered the employ of the Northern Central Railway, and re-
mained until the year 1896, when he became foreman painter
of the Western Maryland Railroad, to institute the piece-work
system, and he retains his position with this company at the
present time.

Mr. Hartman became a member of the M. C. & L. P. A. in
1899, and has attended each convention since, and says he
has been much benefited, and hopes to attend the next con-
vention at Atlantic City.

The Sherwin-Williams Company, paint and varnish makers,
have removed their Chicago city sales offices from the Fisher
Building to suite 630-632 Railway Exchange Building, Jack-
son boulevard and Michigan avenue.

The Duty of an Association Member

It is the plain duty of a member of the Master Car and
Locomotive Painters' Association to accept the task assigned
him by its officers, unless he has a good reason for declining;
and that should be stated to the secretary in writing. He
should have loyalty enough to his association to cheerfully
do this, even without the thanks of the association. Some
associations and clubs have a rule against voting thanks to
its members for able papers presented, because it is no more
than the duty they owe the society of which they are
members. Outsiders, of course, are publicly thanked for sim-
ilar favors. This seems to be a good and reasonable rule.
On the ether hand, it is a poor rule that does not work both
ways, if members are to be thanked for performing their
duties, why may not they be censured for not doing them?
What is the M. C. & L. P. A. formed for— an annual picnic
with nothing to do except to play and swallow good things?
A man who views it in this light, and practices it, should be
told by his company to "Get out, or get in line." If a man
pays his full fare and loses his time to attend a convention,
we should say he had a right to the free exercise of his sweet
will, but one has not, at even half fare, with his time allowed
him. He is the servant of his company then as much as if
at home in his shop. The mere fact of his having to pay
half fare may be the result of an unwise rule that his com-
pany would gladly wave in his case if they could. Still, we
think they should reimburse him for it.

Now the inspiration for all the above is contained in the
following words of a private letter from Secretary McKeon,
which we are using without his knowledge or consent:

"On February 29 I sent notices to all who were appointed
to prepare papers, and several have not replied at all, while
others have refused to accept. In one case, after the mem-
ber chosen by the committee declined, I wrote to three others
who also declined, and I have no one yet for the subject."

This letter was written March 29, in response to our request
tor his full program for publication. Now these things ought
not so to be. That is no way to use your officers, especially
your old secretary) who is an invalid. You should rather
rally to his support as long as you put him in office. Support
your leaders and fight with and for them. We hate to speak
these things out in writing, or publish them to reach the
eyes of your superior officers, but we feel that duty demands
it. We hope every superior officer of a mechanical depart-
ment who reads these lines will summon his foreman plainter
to his office and personally and kindly inquire into his case
in this matter to find out if he has refused to do his duty
in this respect and what the reason is. If he has refused
to accept the duty assigned him without sufficient reason,
and will not do his best, he should be refused point blank
permission to attend the convention at all. It may be that
he declines because he doubts his own ability. In that case
his superior should stiffen his backbone and inspire him with
courage. It may be that lie fears he will have to pay his
fare. In this case his superior officer should assure him that
he will do all in his power to help him in this respect, and
reassure him that his time will be allowed not only to attend
the convention but to visit a few relatives in the vicinity
whom, perhaps, he has not seen in years. In a word, let the
M. C. & L. P. A. be well supported all round, as it ought to
be, or let us at once hang the thing up among the fossils to
dry. If one cannot attend the convention, let him write his
paper and send it.

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

177

Electric Car Building at The B. & M.'S Concord
Shops

It is rather an unusual sight to see electric cars being con-
structed or repaired in a steam railroad repair shop, yet such
is often the case at the Concord shops of the Boston & Maine,
though just at present none are under way, the last order
having been completed some time ago. They are, however,
frequently brought in for repairs, as the company's mag-
nificent new car barn for the city street railway is located
in the shop yard; and we noticed one being overhauled there
at our last trip.

It happens that the Boston & Maine is in the electric car
business in this way: A couple of years ago or so the
Concord & Montreal, a leased line of the B. & M., obtained a
charter to build a new line to Manchester, N. II., some 18
miles; at about the same time they came into control of the
Concord city street railway; and they have built all the
cars for the new line, which was built by them and the
narrow gauge tracks of the city widened to standard gauge.
Not long since orders were issued to letter all the street cars
of the city to "Boston & Maine" as fast they came into the
shops for repairs, so that this is another novel sight that
visitors to the Granite State's capital may see, that of electric
cars going about its street lettered with the name of the
trunk steam line railroad of the state.

The same is also true of the Portsmouth street railroad,
the state's only seaport city, except that the cars there still
bear the name of "Portsmouth Electric Railway," but it was
built, equipped and is operated by the Boston & Maine.

It will be seen by this that Mr. J. T. Chamberlain, master
car builder of the Boston & Maine, and his assistants, in

Electric Car Building at the 'B. & M. Concord
Shops.

addition to all their other duties, have had electric car build-
ing thrust upon them, and they have to know something
about it. With a very large steam equipment to look after
it will be readily seen that this is quite an added care.

Our illustration shows one of the last vestibuled electrics
under construction, with a "line-up" of four of the carpenters.
These cars are as well built as anybody's street cars— better,
probably, as they are made by the day-work system— and are
tastily painted on the exterior to conform to the B. & M.'s
stoam cars, as to body color striping and lettering. They are
finished on the interior with mahogany, with nicely decorated
oak headlinings, and all in all are an up-to-date street car.
The electrical work is done under the direction of the road's
electrician.

Varnish Removers Economically Considered

In the craze that has developed such a myriad of varnish
removers, some bad, some of doubtful utility and others of
a useful character, it might be well to stop and consider
whether or not we want any of them at all for some kinds
of work. We must not run away with the notion that all
varnish removing of whatever nature must be performed
with a varnish remover, however good a one we may have
and however well pleased we may be with it. This is not
economy by long chalks. For carved and intricate work of
all kinds, with any number of coating of any age and nature,
there is no doubt of the general utility of a good varnish re-
mover judiciously applied in the line of economy and thor-
oughness of work; and if it is detachable work that can be
plunged into a tank of the liquid remover, the speed of the
work is all the more marked. Also the thinner coating of
a varnish that has been not long since applied, which has
become grimy and it is desired to remove it for any purpose,
there is no doubt but that a varnish remover will facilitate
the operation very much. But there is one condition of
things where a varnish remover, however good, is simply an
added expense; and that is in removing an innumerable num-
ber of coatings of brittle varnish from a perfectly plain sur-
face. In that case there is one speedier way— no cheaper way
—than to take a well-sharpened hoe-scraper, made of a file-
blank, or hexagon steel, with a blade of the required width,
say 1*4 or 2 inches, and go at the varnish in its dry state. In
the hands of an expert it can be done very smoothly this
way, the brittle varnish, however thick, coming off at one
operation clear to the wood and flying from the scraper, like
snow from a rotary snow plow, and may be dusted from the
work and swept up with a broom. If it is desired, the surface
may be cleansed or finished with some liquid varnish remover,
but, generally speaking, sandpapering will be all that is needed
to prepare the surface for shellac or varnish to follow, un-
less it is thought advisable to have the cabinet men dress
it off a little with their veneer scrapers. This is the way we
did in the old days before the advent of varnish removers;
this is the way we should still do today where the conditions
are as before described. But every man must be his own
judge as to that. At any rate, unless varnish is brittle enough
to fly from the scraper in a mealy form it is unwise to get
along without a good varnish remover with which, thanks
to the chemists, the market teems with a great variety at
the present time, fully abreast with all modern appliances
for speedy and economical work.

Light in the Paint Shops

We read in the third verse of the beginning of the Good
Book that all the Creator had to do to, light up the dark
world was to say, "Let there be light; and there was light."
Unfortunately the master car painter, no matter how smart
he really is, or how big he feels, cannot exercise any such
power and prerogative, so he has to plod on and do his per-
plexing, particular work in the dark; and then have it shifted
out in God's sunlight later on to have it inspected by some-
body who is not always as patient and forbearing and indul-
gent as the One who made the sunlight.

Noticing a train that had just been turned out of a shop
in another state recently, we wrote the foreman painter coin-
plimenting him on the fine general appearance of it, and
shortly got a letter in reply in which he said: "I am much
pleased with your opinion of the train you saw. I have not
seen it outside of the shop. It is very dark in the shop for
interior work. The striping was done by lamplight; not a
very good light 1o get a good job in, but probably passable to
the untrained eye."
The above is a sad comment on v***^*-shop building gen-

178

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

erally. We are glad to note, however, that in the more mod-
ern and newer-built shops that there is a disposition to put
in more glass and less brick, some of the fear of its getting
broken out, or something or other, having subsided or been
decided in its favor. They have found out a way to heat a
shop nowadays so that if it does have a few more windows
it does not matter so much about the lack of heat.

Now there are railroad officials who are potent enough in
their spheres to say, "Let there be light," and there will be
light in the shops where painstaking work has got to be
done cloudy days as well as bright days, and short days in
winter as well as long days in summer. "Let there be light!"
Also let there be patience and forbearance with men who
wear glasses, having ruined their eyes in dark shops working
by lamplight. Also let there be ditto with the colors at-
tempted to be matched in such places, if they do not match;
and with the cleaning done if it is not clean, etc.
■» » »

An Etching by "Jack Frost"

That "Jack Frost" is an artist of old and high renown is
too well known to reiterate here, but we think his work is
seldom if ever caught for reproduction. By the kindness of
Mr. John H. Kahler, forman painter, Erie K. R. shops, Mead-
ville, Pa., Ave are enabled to give our readers a sample of
"Jack's" work in these columns.
Mr. Kahler describes this freak of nature as follows: v
"I will tell you how it was produced. On the 22d of Janu-
ary we had 14 inches of water in our shops, caused by the
near-by stream becoming gorged with ice 2 ft. thick. While
the water was at this height the temperature took a sudden
drop below zero and froze an inch of ice over the entire shop's
inside. Four cab sash with glass in them, 24x30 were found
on the floor under the ice, after the water went down three
days afterward. They were lying flat, or in a horizontal posi-
tion when found. I noticed they were all frozen together
and very frosty between the panes. After awhile I pulled
them apart, and as the warmth from the stove got to them

An Etching by "Jack Frost."

this frost evaporated, instead of running down as we would
expect it to do, and left plainly visible the muddy settlings
of the water. All this time I looked for nothing out of the
ordinary, but after the thin layer of mud became dry I looked
with surprise when I beheld the design worked out on the
glass which is most beautiful to all who have beheld the
strange work of Nature. After the water had left the glass
the mud remaining; then the freezing took place, and as the
minute frost needles crept along over the surface in working
out the design, the mud was shoved to either side down the
glass, leaving the clear glass to represent the outlining of
the design, as it represents a negative just as a photograph
negative is produced. The design represents feathers in all
positions, and ending in perfect scrolls at the ends. Again,
you see fine ostrich plumes, lace work and ferns. Many fig-
ures can be picked out. Among several is an Indian head in
full-feathered head-gear; also a small oval about three inches
long with a decorative frame around it and within is a three-
masted vessel riding on the water. Another is a large spider
on his web. The design is one that no mortal could conceive,
much less execute, as many lines (and all are one graceful
sweep, or curve) are fine as a hair and of soft feathery ap-
pearance. It is not permanent, but I have protected it by
placing another light of glass back of it and painted the back
of this a coat of black paint, which throws out the design
very bold and plain to see. The thin layer of mud is yellow-
ish grey in color, and with black on the reverse side gives it
a pleasing effect. I have two panes with this decorative work
oh them, the two upper sash. The two lower sash, having too
thick mud, the frost did not penetrate to the glass. I believe
that if a vitreous pigment in different colorings composed this
thin layer of mud, and was put into an oven and annealed
it would become permanent and a thing of beauty. Perhaps
a lost art. What say you?"

♦ * »

Sophisticated Shellac

There is a deal of sophisticated shellac on the market.
If one doubts this let him order the ready-cut kind by the
barrel and subject it to close scrutiny by various practical
experiments as a painter. If he is still in doubt let him take
some to an expert chemist who, by some extraction process
best known to himself, will separate the parts and give you
the per cent of rosin that it contains. The writer has lately
been through an experience of this kind. Years ago, having
trouble with spurious shellac ready-cut by barred, it was de-
cided to order it in the gum and cut it ourselves, which we
did, and we have kept this good practice up until recently
when, owing to the very high price of gum— double its for-
mer quotation— and learning that it might be possibly better
economy to order it cut of a dealer who had a stock on hand
bought when it was lower, we ordered some; and now, having
obtained some elsewhere and tested it and finding it to con-
tain at least 20 per cent rosin and cut in straight- wood alcohol,
we have repented and think strongly of returning to former
practice and cut our own, which is the only way to be sure
of getting the pure article.

As with everything else, so with shellac; one can get it at
any price he wants to pay— from about $1.65 per gallon up-
wards, according to the amount of rosin and the kind of
solvent it is composed of. The cheap grades are good enough
for some purposes it is true, as is the case with paints for
barns, barrels, bins and bunco dealers; but for interior car
work on costly wood finish, nothing but the purest should be
used, and little of that as an under stop-coat between the
paste filler and the varnish to follow. Pure shellac for this
purpose is a good friend, as Mr. Samuel Brown of the New
Haven road will tell you, having years ago finished a car
interior with it and nothing else, save the paste filler, and
became so enthusiastic over it at the Boston convention in
1890, that he was dubbed with the soubriquet of "Shellac"

May, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

179

Brown when this car was exhibited on the train to Plymouth,
which the then "Old Colony R. R." so kindly and generously
tendered to the association through his efforts. But shellac,
like whiskey and many other things, when adulterated turns
from a friend to an enemy and is to be eschewed. Bosin is
no friend to the painter in any guise he may be dressed
up in and smuggled into use. His evil traits will later de-
velop and then you will wish that by some means you had
kept him out. And it is fast getting to be so that the only
way to keep him and other enemies out is to keep on every
railroad an expert chemist as a doorkeeper who, if in touch
with the practical painter, ought to make a strong team for
purity.

The Shop Boy

Disastrous results can sometimes be traced to the indiffer-
ence and thoughtlessness of a boy. What is wanted of these
employes is right actions and not useless words.

Good management of little tasks brings promotion, whereas
those who neglect small details are generally failures in all
things, regarded as shiftless and unlucky, and are not in
demand.

Attention to small things is meritorious, because "trifles
make perfection." Observation of details is the secret of
success in every pursuit. An employer sees how his work
is done and he does not promote or reward the unsteady and
incompetent. But he never forgets those who make his in-
terests their interests. Accuracy, method, punctuality and
dispatch are always appreciated by all sound business men.

Everyone who believes in accuracy and thoroughness has
at some time echoed the complaint of the man who wrote:
"I hate to see a thing done by halves; if it be right, do it
boldly; if it be wrong, leave it undone."

There must be the right spirit among boy workers. A
youth should never be satisfied until he has done his best.
It should be his constant aim to excel and have the quality
of his work appreciated by others. This is the real beginning
of success. Inferior work should be avoided. A celebrated
pottery maker used to destroy ware that did not come up
to his idea of what it should be, and begin work again. That
is the spirit shown by all honest and competent workmen,
however modest their position— Extracts from an editorial in
Boston Globe.

A Novel Cleaning Material

There is much a-going in these days for ground pumice
stone for scrubbing cars in cleaning them outside ready for
varnishing, that is not pumice at all. It is anything and
everything, the Lord only knows what not, ground up to
gether and put up in barrels and shipped to us, in this, sec-
tion of country at least— silax, tene alba, marble dust, oyster
shells, etc., ad infinitum, ad nauseam. Its grit is lacking,
or cutting power, to remove umoke and dirt properly when
loosened up with the usual cleaning liquids. Such as it is—
and they always manage to have it weigh heavily— it comes
at so much per pound, and a barrel of this stuff costs
about $5.

Dissatisfied with it, yet knowing of nothing better, we were
strolling along a certain ocean beach last summer when our
attention was attracted to the fineness of the sand that had
washed up in large quantities along the shore. We exam-
ined it and found it to be the finest of the kind that we had
ever seen and at once thought, why will not this
be a good article to use in place of so-called pumice stone
to clean cars with preparatory to rovarnishlng? We took
an empty envelope from our pocket and filled it and brought
il In our home shop and tried it, and found it to be "satisfac-
tory;" also sent wme to the veteran Warner Bailey at Con-

cord, who is famous for looking into things, and he got his
magnifying glass onto it and reported it to be nearly all
quartz of a good, sharp quality and well adapted for this
work. v We ordered a few barrels, one each to Lawrence, Con-
cord, Salem and Somerville, for trial and set the open bar-
rels side by side with the pumice stone that they had been
using, and the cleaners took the sand thereafter in place of
the pumice stone. At Somerville they were asking for more;
and, before the cold weather prevented, we had a car load
shipped to the various shops for each to take out their allow-
ance and forward the car to the next, and so on to the last
shop in the list. We do not know how long this can be kept
up, but at present it is furnishing us with our cleaning
material for cars outside. Of course, we are obliged to have
some fine pumice stone for rubbing down varnish and for
interior work for a suitable finish. The sand, however, does
not scratch or in any way injure the surface or exterior for
re varnishing.

We suggest that others in their respective localities, wher-
ever there are beaches, look into this matter and see if they
cannot find sand fine enough for this purpose. It stops the
imposition of sending pumice that is not pumice, and effects
a good-sized saving. This is nothing new, of course, to the
women folks near the beaches for a house cleaning material,
but it is rather new for car cleaning on the varnished sur-
face outside before varnishing.

Painting Car tiatforms and Steps

A certain railroad in the North has been painting its steps
and platforms to passenger cars for more than thirty years
as follows: Shellac the worn parts and, when dry, follow
with one coat of Tuscan red mixed with varnish, with the
result that a glossy surface is produced, if such a surface
could be said to be thus produced on such a worn, rough
surface, and yet even this is worn dead by the shop men
running in and out of a car before it leaves the shop. And
now in winter weather, with snow and ice everywhere, and
frost accumulating on the platforms and steps from the con-
gealed vapor of leaky steam couplings between cars, comes
the complaint from the claim department that red paint
is slippery; that women are slipping down upon it and get-
ting hurt and presenting claims for damages! Nevertheless
cue long-suffering and patient head of that car department,
willing to do almost anything to please, has, at the sugges-
tion of his master painter, cut out the use of shellac for this
purpose and abolished the mixing of platform paint in var-
nish and is mixing it in oil of a suitable drying nature so
that the paint will strike into the bare wood and present a
dead instead of a glossy surface under foot. The painter has
gone a step farther and is putting in a handful of fine beach
sand to each pot of paint! The latter will wear off by the
time the paint is gone, so that when, in the course of a year
or so, the car is again shopped for varnish, there will be
none of the old sand left to paint over.

We give this as an item and suggestion for what it is
worth to others. It is barely possible that the extensive use
of rubber heels on shoes within a few years may account for
much slipping on some surfaces, especially when wet. We
have come near getting "floored" ourself from this source,
though not on car platforms. And possibly the freak-shaped,
high heeled shoes of women may account for much of this
slipping. We should think it would be a task to stand still
in them on dry land, as only the toes and tapering high heel
rest on anything stepped on.

]ST. B.— Paint makers are hereby notified not to take a hint
from this to put any more sand in their paint! We will put
it in ourselves; we get it for nothing on the line of the road.

i8o

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

May, 1904.

The Sherwin-Williams Railway Paints and

Varnishes

The latest issue o±' the railway catalogue of the Sherwin-
Williams Company, presents the form of a comprehensive text
hook on paints and varnishes, rather than the usual appear-
ance of a catalogue. The different lines of paint have been
classified therein according to the equipment for which each
is primarily intended, and particularly adapted. These are
necessarily limited in number and represent but a few
samples of the large assortment furnished railroads by this
company. The samples shown have evidently been selected
with much care and present a very complete list of paint
material. Under each heading have been summarized briefly
the principal qualities of the paint, the uses for which it is
intended and suggestions have been offered as to the best
method for its use. Special attention should be given to
page 75 wherein is described the Sherwin-Williams method
for painting passenger coaches.

Notes and Comments

Chairman Dane informs us that he is to reconvene the spe-
cial committee on locomotive painting that met in New York
in March, as he wishes to amend the report in some features
and this is the most feasible way to do it, in order that there
may be no hitch and that the report may be ready for de-
livery to the Master Mechanics' Association at their conven-
tion in June, for which purpose and at whose request it is
made.

The Boston & Maine R. R. is building fifteen standard re-
frigerator cars at its Concord shops. The exteriors are being
painted yellow in oil— 5 lbs. golden oetive mixed with 20 lbs.
white lead in oil is the regular formula — and lettered in black
with Roman letters. The interiors are coated with "Primelac"
to prevent the absorption of moisture and preserve the wood
and keep them sweet. This shop is also turning out three
60-foot new baggage cars and four new 60-foot combination
smoking and baggage cars.

Two hundred and five cars was the B. & M.'s paint shop out-
put for the month of March, as agaiust 187 for that month
the previous year, so the deficit of some 100 cars of a few
months ago is being overcome and will disappear if the
shops can be supplied with men and cars until the middle of
June or the first of July. But it is hard to keep men at rail-
road wages and reduced hours when balmy spring comes
and tempting prices for house painting in the open air at
eight hours' work, knowing they will be laid off later.

The editor of these columns as been chosen to prepare a
paper for the next convention of Master Car and Locomotive
Painters on "Passenger Car Roofs — Treatment and Attention
of Same." Did the committee put him on the roof to place
him at the top, or out of sight? He has, . however, cheer-
fully accepted the assignment and will try to report, whether
in attendance at the convention or not; but expects to be
there, "should no untold circumstance militate against it."
And will try not to forestall his report in these columns
meanwhile, though it is hard to keep still.

burg, resumed full working hours— 10-hour time— Monday,
April 18th, having been put on a 9-hour basis November 16th.
The Concord and Lyndon ville shops, where both locomotive
and car work is done, being electrically lighted, work full
time the year round. The N. Y., N. H. & H. shops resumed
10-hour time recently, having been for some weeks on an
8-hour basis. The Maine Central shops worked full time
through the winter and were put on 9-hour time in the early
spring and were so working at last accounts.

Old track men say that the long cold winter just passed
has been a severe one on rails and that bad accidents have
been narrowly averted. We have noticed its unusual effect
in throwing off old paint, by the action of continued frost,
from the iron hoods over platforms of passenger equipment.
Always a source of trouble, they are looking worse this
spring than ever before. Eight years ago cars began without
this attachment and they did not begin any too soon in their
abolition, for they are a nuisance and an expense to main-
tain. It has also been particularly severe on that other
nuisance, the tin car roof.

"The reason given for the advance in the price of shellac
is the drouth in India two years ago. The seed crop was
largely drawn upon to make up the shortage, and it will take
several years to recover from the effect. Most people prob-
ably have not known till now that shellac grows from seed."
We clip the above from "Editorial Points" in Boston Globe,
April 20. We wonder if the Globe editor is jesting, or knows
that "seedlac" is the form of the gum as it is stripped from
the twigs or branches of the trees around which it is formed,
and that is "sticklac" when shipped on the twig, and "shel-
lac" when dissolved, strained and run out into shell form and
broken up, like glue.

We learn that one large railroad system has ordered
eighteen barrels of varnish remover (No. 11 in our recent
Test Committee report) in liquid form! The same concern
has received an order from the government for 800 gallons!
We are inclined to be a little facetious about this and sug-
gest the building of a dry dock to put it in and put a train
or battleship into it all over, and clean them inside and out
at same time!

B. & M. shops at Lawrence, Salem, Somerville and Fitch-

Mr. H. M. Butts, master car and locomotive painter of the
N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., at West Albany, is to read a paper at
the Central Railway Club, Buffalo, May 13th, on "What ad-
vancement has been made in paints for the protection of
metal parts and particularly steel cars."

Concerning the general work of the shops on his line he
writes the following interesting item:

"At present we are very busy in the paint shop, as a great
deal of work crowds in before the summer season of travel
begins. We are now turning out of our paint shop about 7
cars a day. The number of cars which must go through our
shops this season is considerably less than last season for
the reason that many of our cars are in condition to run 17
or 18 months. On account-of this extension of time we have
been shopping about 37 per cent less cars than formerly. We
attribute this better condition of our cars to the manner in
Avhich they have been cared for during the past year, they
having been cleaned with an oil cleaner which acts as a
protection to the varnish."

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MAStER MECHANIC

181

Established 1878.

RAILWAY
MASTER MECHANIC

Published by the
BRUCE V. CR ANDALL COMPANY, CHICAGO

BRUCE V. CHANDALL, President ' CHABLES 8. MYERS, Vice-President

MAHAM H. HAIG, Editor

Office of Publication, Rooms 501 and 502 The Plymouth Building,
305 Dearborn Street, Chicago

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Entered a/ the Post Office in Chicago as Second-Class Matter
A Monthly Railway Journal

Devoted to the interests of railway motive power, car equipment,

shops, machinery and supplies.
Communications on any topic suitable to our columns are solicited.
Subscription price $1.00 a year, to foreign countries $1.50, free of

postage. Single copies 10 cents. Advertising rates given on

application to the office, by mail or in person.
In remitting make all checks payable to the Bruce V. Crandall

Company.

Vol. XXVIII. CHICAGO, JUNE, 1904.

No. 6.

ik-S usual, the convention issue of the Railway Master
Mechanic will be published in July, following the
conventions almost immediately. As heretofore, this num-
ber will contain the important features of the several
committee reports, a synopsis of the discussions in the
convention hall, the decisions arrived at, together with all
other features of interest, including an account of the
exhibits, as well as a large number of attractive "snap
shots" taken among the railway men and exhibitors. The
exhibits assembled at this time are always attractive and
illustrating, as they do, the most recent improvements in
car and locomotive appliances, they add a valuable educa-
tional feature to the other influences of the convention.

/L PRACTICAL method has come to our notice
whereby the steam cylinders of locomotive air
pumps may be retained in good service when small
cracks have developed therein. The plan is to plug
up the cracks with copper. This is done by drilling
holes for a ^-in. standard tap all the way through
the metal throughout the length of the crack and
plugging the holes carefully with copper. Beginning
at end of crack a hole is drilled and plugged. The next
hole is drilled so that it cuts into the copper plug,
which has already been applied, and so on throughout
the length of the crack. Each copper plug is made
sufficiently long to permit a portion remaining above
the casting to be pcaned to such an extent that the
heads of the plugs may be riveted into a mass which
extends the length of the crack, covering it entirely.
By using a little care in performing the work a very
neat job may be accomplished, and the probability of
a leak is entirely eliminated. This method has been
successfully tried and is giving good satisfaction.

IT is interesting to observe the extent to which die
work is being introduced into the blacksmith shops
of the more progressive railroads. As an enterprising fore-
man of a modern shop recently remarked to us with re-
gard to the use of dies : "I can not keep up without
them." The reduction in time and labor which may be
secured by the intelligent use of such forms in connec-
tion with forging machines and heavy hammers, is read-
ily appreciable in actual dollars and cents.

The most recent feature in the application of die work
brought to our notice is in the manufacture of the
smaller section of an eccentric. Considerable difficulty
had been experienced with eccentrics cracking and break-
ing in their smaller sections, and to overcome this diffi-
culty it was decided to form this part of wrought iron.
The work is very simply done with two forms under the
steam hammer. The part is made from a short bar of
square iron, and when formed the rough ends are cut off
by a metal saw and the joint planed.

Some foremen take a great deal of pride in the sav-
ing made by using die work to advantage and such men
usually have very interesting figures to show incident to
their economy.

AN acceptable feature provided for the comfort of
passengers traveling at night on the sleeping
cars of the Georgia Central Railway is the manner of
preparing the sections without letting down the upper
berths unless they are to be occupied. This arrangement
is one appreciated by passengers and speaks well for the
considerate thought on the part of the managament.

It is not only more comfortable for the passenger oc-
cupying the lower berth when the upper is not let down ;
but it is also far more healthful for the occupant. When
the upper berth is in a horizontal position, little or no
fresh air gains access to the small, box-like space be-
tween the two berths and the location of steam heating
apparatus immediately beneath the lower berth adds fur-
ther to the discomfort of this close and poorly ventilated
enclosure. When the upper is not let v dowri the warm
and impure air has an opportunity* to rise |and escape
into the main portion of the car_ where the ventilators
have some effeqfe

. The convenience in dressing consequent upon the ar-
rangement of berths here advocated is too readily ap-
parent to require further comment.

Efforts oh the part of a railway company to serve its
patrons are^ not usually followed by expressions of
thanks directed to the management, yet provisions of
comfort seldom fail to be appreciated except by the most
narrow minded and there is a case on record of the sub-
urban passengers who patronize the D. L. & W. Ry.
having sent a vote of thanks to the management for the
manner in which the road had been handled during the
winter.

In this day of close competition where several differ-
ent roads are striving for the same traffic and all make
the same time between two points, for instance, say
Chicago and St. Paid, the little things and small details
of comfort are what count in attracting patronage.

i82 RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC June, 1904

Prominent Railway Officials who Received their Training in the

Motive Power Department

IT is a pleasure to the management of the Railway achieved such advancement and it is a matter of no
Master Mechanic to be able to present in this little pride to this publication, representing as it does
issue photographs of a majority of those men who mechanical matters exclusively, that there seems to be

Mr. E. T. Jeffery,

PRESIDENT,
DENVER & RIO GRANDE R. R.

Mr. Frank W. Morse,

THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT,"
GRAND TRUNK RY.

Mr. C. H. Schlacks,

GENERAL MANAGER,
COLORADO MIDLAND RY.

Mr. W. W. Atterbury.

GENERAL MANAGER,
PENNSYLVANIA R. R.

occupy positions of responsibility in the higher depart-
ments of railway service to which they have advanced
through the motive power department. It has been only
within a very recent period that motive power men have

an increasing tendency to look to the motive power de-
partment for the men who are to take up the larger and
more responsible positions in the higher operating de-
partments. From master mechanic to general manager

June, 1904,

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

183

is fast becoming more general than was the case a few
years ago.

We mention with pride the names of Mr. George L.
Potter, recently general manager and now third vice-
president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company;
Mr. Waldo Marshall, general manager of the Lake Shore
& Michigan Southern Railway, and Mr. Tracy Lyon,
assistant general manager, Chicago Great Western Rail-

Morse, third vice-president, Grand Trunk Railway Sys-
tem ; Mr. E. A. Williams, assistant general manager of
the Erie Railroad; Mr. W. W. Atterbury, general mana-
ger of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Mr. Samuel Higgins,
general manager of the New York, New Haven & Hart-
ford Railroad ; Mr. F. A. Delano, general manager of the
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway ; Mr. C. H.
Schlacks, general manager of the Colorado Midland Rail-

Mr. E. A. Williams,

ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER,
ERIE R. R.

Mr. F. A. Delano,

GENERAL MANAGER,

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY

R. R.

Mr. L. E. Johnson,

PRESIDENT,
NORFOLK & WESTERN R. R.

Mr. Samuel Higgins,

general manager,
new york, new haven
hartford r. r.

way, all of whom have come up from the motive power
department. We regret that wc are unable to present
their portraits with those of Mr. E. T. Jeffery, president
of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad ; Mr. Frank W.

way, and Mr. L. E. Johnson, president of the Norfolk &
Western Railway. The following is a brief sketch of the
respective careers of these several gentlemen :

Mr. L. E. Johnson, President of the Norfolk & West-

1 84

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

ern Railway. — Mr. Johnson entered railway service in
1866 with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad,
holding various positions in the locomotive department ;
in 1888 he was appointed superintendent of the St. Louis
and Chicago division of the same road; in 1890 he was
appointed superintendent of the Montana Central Rail-
way, and in 1893, superintendent of the Michigan divis-
ion of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway ;
in 1897 he was appointed general superintendent of the
Norfolk & Western Railway and in 1899 became general
manager of the same road, from which position he was
advanced to his present position as president.

,Mr. George L. Potter, Third Vice-President of the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. — Mr. Potter entered railway
service in 1876 as machinist apprentice of the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad, serving successively as machinist at
Renova, Pa., assistant master mechanic and master me-
chanic at Fort Wayne, Ind. In March 1893 he was ap-
pointed superintendent of motive power of the Northwest
System of the Pennsylvania lines west of Pittsburg, and
in November, 1899, became general superintendent of
motive power; on January 1, I90i,>he becaihe general
manager of the same lines. From the Pennsylvania he
went to the B. & O. as general manager and then third
vice-president.

Mr. Waldo Marshall, General Manager of the Lake
Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. — Mr. Marshall
entered railway service in May, 1897, since which he has
been consecutively to June, 1899, assistant superintendent
of motive power of the Chicago & Northwestern Rail-
way ; in June, 1899, he became superintendent of motive
power of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, then gen-
eral superintendent and from that to general manager,
which position he now holds. For several years Mr.
Marshall was the editor of the Railway Master Mechanic.
Mr. Tracy Lyon, Assistant General Manager of the
Chicago Great Western Railway.— Mr. Lyon was born in
1863 at Oswego, N. Y. ; he graduated at the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology, entering railway service in
1894 as master mechanic of the Chicago Great Western
Railway, and in July, 1899, he was appointed general
superintendent of the same road ;» from which position he
was advanced to the office of assistant general manager.
Mr. E. T: Jeffery, President Denver & Rio Grande
Railroad. — Mr. Jeffery entered railway service with the
Illinois Central in 1856, beginning at the very bottom
of the ladder; in February, 1871, he became assistant
superintendent of machinery of the same road, being ap-
pointed successively general superintendent in 1877, and
general manager in 1889; in 189 1 he accepted the position
of president and general manager of the Denver & Rio
Grande Railroad.

Mr. E. A. Williams, Assistant General Manager of
the Erie Railroad.— Mr. Williams entered railway serv-
ice as machinist apprentice of the Milwaukee & Prairie
du Chien Railroad. In December, 1880, he became
roundhouse foreman of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.
Paul Railroad, serving successively as general foreman
and assistant general master mechanic of the same road ;
in July, 1890, he was appointed master mechanic of the
Minneapolis, St. Paul Sr Sault Ste. Marie Railway and

became mechanical superintendent of the same road in
1 89 1 ; in January he accepted the position of superinten-
dent of rolling stock of the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way, which position he held till his recent appointment
as assistant general manager of the Erie Railroad.

Mr. W. W. Atterbury, General Manager of the Penn-
sylvania Railroad. — Mr. Atterbury was born in 1866 at
New Albany, Ind. ; he graduated from Yale University,
entering railway service in 1886 as apprentice in the
Altoona shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad, since which
he has been consecutively assistant road foreman on var-
ious divisions of the same road; in 1892 he became assist-
ant engineer of motive power of the Northwest System,
and in 1893 master mechanic at Fort Wayne, Ind. ; in
1896 he was appointed superintendent of motive power
at Altoona, Pa., and then recently advanced to the posi-
tion of general manager.

Mr. Samuel Higgins, General Manager of the New
York, New Haven & Hartford Ry. — Mr. Higgins entered
railway service in 1881 with the New York, Lake Erie
& Western, serving successively as machinist apprentice,
machinist, assistant foreman and general foreman in the
Susquehanna shops. He was for two years assistant
engineer of the motive power department, division mas-
ter mechanic from 1887 to 1892, and assistant superinten-
dent of motive power to Feb. 1, 1904, when he was ap-
pointed superintendent of motive power of the Lehigh
Valley. On April 1, 1901, he became superintendent of
motive power and machinery of the Union Pacific, ac-
. cepting the appointment of mechanical superintendent of
the Southern Railway June, 1902, which position he left
for his recent appointment on the N. Y., N. H. & H. Ry.
Mr. Frederick A. Delano, General Manager of the
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway. — Mr. Delano
was born September 10, 1863, at Hong Kong, China.
He is a graduate of Harvard University, and entered rail
way service in 1885 as machinist apprentice in the Aurora
shops of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, with
which road he has held consecutively the positions of
inspector, assistant to second vice-president, superinten-
dent of freight terminals at Chicago and superintendent
of motive power, having been appointed general manager
in July, 1 901.

Mr. C, H. Schlacks, General Manager of the Colorado
Midland Railway. — Mr. Schlacks entered railway service
in 1870. with the Illinois Central Railroad. He remained
with this road until 1 891 when he accepted a position
with the Grant Locomotive Works at Chicago ; • soon
afterward he became identified with the Denver & Rio
Grande Railroad, receiving the appointment of assistant
general manager in in 1894; on July 1, 1900 he accepted
the position of general manager of the Colorado Midland
Railway.

Mr. Frank W. Morse, Third Vice-President of the
Grand Trunk Railway System.— Mr. Morse was from
1889 to 1896 master mechanic on the Wabash Railroad;
from l8q6 to 1901 superintendent of motive power of the
Grand Trunk Railway; on July 15, iqoi, he was ap-
pointed third vice-president with direct jurisdiction over
the transportation, motive power and car departments,
which position he now holds.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

185

Danville Shops of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railway

HE Chicago & Eastern Illinois is one of the

T roads constituting the Frisco system and
operates 7373^2 miles of track, owning 198
locomotives, 147 passenger cars and 14,612
freight and miscellaneous cars. The old
shops of this road were located at Danville
Junction, west of the town of Danville, and
as this plant has been outgrown by the de-
mands of the motive power department, a
new shop has been constructed east of Danville on a
tract known as Oaklawn, near the old soldiers' home.
The present new shop includes the locomotive repair de-
partment only. However, provision has been made to
accommodate the car repair department, and in laying
out the plant the buildings erected were located with this

the machinery installed is new, while a portion of the
machinery from the old plant has been moved over to the
new shop. It will be observed that the buildings are
located as near as practical to provide against fire risks
and at the same time they are so located as to be readily
extended, as future demands require. The power house
is so located as to be between the locomotive and car de-
partment when the latter has been erected and it is plan-
ned to extend the machine shop towards the power house,
doubling its capacity. When this is done the present
location of the power house will render it adjacent to the
end of the machine shop. The boiler shop is located im-
mediately east of the machine shop and any additions to
it will be in the direction exactly opposite to the pro-
posed extension of the machine shop. As in the case of

Fig. 1 — View Showing Location of Power House with Relation to Other Buildings of Plant.
Large Building at Right is Machine and Erecting Shop— C. & E. I. R. R.

end in view. Fig. 2 shows the general layout of the
entire plant, including the proposed buildings for the
car department and the tracks in the proposed repair
yard. The several illustrations presented herewith af-
ford a good general idea of the locomotive department,
which, together with the layout providing for the future
car department, evidences that ample room has been
provided for extensions in both departments. Most of

the two shops just mentioned the capacity of the black-
smith shop may be doubled by extending it in the direc-
tion parallel to the proposed extension of the machine
shop. Already the necessity of this provision for doubl-
ing the capacities of the several shops has been felt inas-
much as the headquarters of the St. Louis, Memphis &
Southeastern Railroad and the St. Louis & Gulf Railway,
branches of the Frisco system, have been located at Dan-

Frc; 2 — General Layout, Danville Snors -C. & E. I. R. R.

i&5

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

ville and the general repair work of these
roads will be done there.

The machine and boiler shops are served
by a transfer table and, as shown by the gen-
eral layout, the coach shop and paint shop
will be located directly opposite and served
by the same table. This table is 70 feet long
with a capacity of 150 tons. It is carried on
five rails and the pit through which it operates
is 615 feet long. There is no overhead trol-
ley for delivering current to the motor ope-
rating the table, but transmission is by two
wires arranged along one of the walls enclos-
ing the pit. The speed of travel under load
is 125 feet per minute and 300 feet per minute when
running light. The table is driven by a 59-h. p. motor
and the whole structure, together with its machinery,
was supplied by Messrs. George P. Nichols & Brother
of Chicago.

The present offices are temporarily located in the
second floor of the storehouse. An office for the superin-
tendent of motive power and the master mechanic with
their respective forces is to be built near the power house
as shown in the plan, and when the car department has
been arranged, this office will be centrally located for the
entire plant. The office of the master mechanic will be
temporarily located in a small building near the round
house and the remainder of this building will be used by
engine crews between trips, for making their reports,
etc.

Fig. 3 — Side View Showing Steel Construction. of
Machine Shop— C. & E. I. R. R.

Power for the entire plant is distributed from the
power house. The distribution of electrical power is by
a 250 volt direct current system using the two wire sys-
tem of distribution for motors and the three wire system
for lighting. Wires are led from the power house at a
point near the roof to a line of cast iron poles by which
they are distributed to the several buildings. The main
piping lines connecting the power house with the various
shops are carried through a tunnel about 1200 feet
long. The tunnel is rectangular in section about 6 feet
high by four feet six inches wide and the walls are of
concrete nine inches thick. The top and bottom are also
of concrete and in the bottom a suitable slope and gutter
are arranged for drainage. The top is 4 inches thick
carried by expanded metal and supported at intervals of
9 feet by steel rails. The top of the tunnel is at grade
level and serves as a walk among the several buildings.
In the tunnel are installed a 6-inch high pressure steam

Pig. 4 — Erecting Floor, in which Attention is
Traveling Crane and Method of Arranging

Directed to Machine Tools at Right, Served by
Counter Shafts — C. & E. I. R. R.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

187

main, 12-inch low pressure
steam main, 6-inch air main,
and 4-inch return of the
heating system. No expan-
sion joints have been used,
but such an arrangement of
elbows and bends has been
employed as to take care of
all expansion. The piping
is securely anchored at a
point about the middle of the
length of the main line of
the tunnel. The tunnel starts
from the end of the power
house and its location and
points of distribution to the
several shops is readily ap-
parent in the plan drawing.

Fig. 5— End View, Showing Steel Construction of Machine Shop —

C. & E. I. R. R.

The tunnel is lighted by incandescent lamps hung at fre-
quent intervals throughout its length and is well venti-
lated, a certain amount of air being drawn through the
tunnel into the fan room of the roundhouse.

All buildings of the plant are connected by a tele-
phone system installed by the Automatic Electric Com-
pany of Chicago. The automatic exchange is located in
the_power house where it may be under the observation
of the engineer who is duly informed by a signal lamp
in the event of any disorder. In calling up any desired
station the calling apparatus so operates switches located
in the exchange as to connect the calling station with the

station called. When the stations are so connected a
button is pressed which rings the bell of the station
wanted. A suitable busy signal is given in the event
of the desired station being in service. Hanging up the
receiver returns all switches to their normal position.
When two stations are connected it is impossible for any
other station to interfere so that they have practically all
the advantages of a private wire.

The shops were designed under the supervision of Mr.
T. A. Lawes, late superintendent of motive power, and
Mr. W. S. Dawley. chief engineer. The achitectural
work was executed under the direction of Mr. Ernest

Fig. 6— Machine Bay— C. & E, I, R. R.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Fig. 8 — Exterior- View of Machine Shop —
C. & E. I. R. R.

Walker and the installation of the electrical equipment
was in charge of the Arnold Electric Power Station Com-
pany. In presenting the data and information regarding
this shop we acknowledge the courtesy of Mr. George
W. Smith, superintendent of motive power, and Mr. S.
T. Parks, master mechanic.

The Machine Shop.

The machine shop and locomotive erecting floor are
located in a building 316 feet in length by 121 feet wide.
The building is of brick supported by a steel structure
carried on concrete foundations. The floor is divided
into two bays. In the main bay there are arranged four-
teen transverse erecting pits, which are served by an elec-
tric traveling crane of 80 tons capacity, and in this bay
are a number of the heavier machine tools which are so
disposed as to be served by the crane. The main bay is
76 feet 7 inches in width and the second or side bay, in
which the majority of the machine tools are located, is 40
feet wide. The height of erecting shop from floor to
roof truss is 43 feet 10 inches and the height between
the- same points in the machine bay is 20 feet. The
crane girders and roof trusses are supported by the same

Fig. 9 — Niles 7-FT. Boring Mill Driven by 15-H. p.

Commercial Electric Motor and Having 3- h. p.

General Electric Motor for Operating

Cross Rail— C. & E. I. R: R.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

189

Fig. 10 — Plan of Machine and Erecting Shop — C. & E. I. R. R.

steel columns and the construction of the building is has seven motors and each trolley has an auxiliary hoist,
readily seen by the several illustrations presented. The This traveler was supplied by Pawling & Harnischfeger,

Fig. 11 — General View of Blacksmith, Machine and Boiler Shops During Erection — C. & E. I. R. R.

electric crane has a span of 74 feet 6^ inches and as be- Milwaukee, Wis. In the main bay the rail beads of the
fore mentioned has a capacity of 80 tons. The crane crane runways are 31 feet above the floor and above

ia'-^o tf

Fig. 12 — Cross Section of Machine and Erecting Shop — C. & F, E. R. R.

i no

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Fig.' n— View Showing Steel Construction of Boiler Shop— C. & E. I. R. R.

this line both side walls contain a double row of glazed
sash. The wall on the transfer table side contains an ad-
ditional row of sash above the line of pit doors.
Throughout the shop light is afforded by an abundance
of glazed sash and in addition to the light received
through the windows in the walls there are 'skylights in
the roof of both sections. A single saw-tooth skylight dis-

posed longitudinally over the machine bay affords addi-
tional natural light in this department.

Between the ends of the pits and the heavy machine
tools in the main bay, there is a longitudinal track ex-
tending the entire length of the shop which is used for
the storage of driving wheels, etc. The bottoms of the
pits are convex and gutters are arranged to drain

Fig. 14— Partial Plan of Boiler Shof— C. & E. I. R. R.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MAST£R MECHANIC

191

towards the inner ends of
the pits, so providing at all
times that the men will have
a dry place to stand when
working beneath an engine.
There are steam connections
in every other pit and a wa-
ter connection in each pit.
The compressed air line ex-
tends all round the shop and
there are air connections ar-
ranged at each post and two
in each pit.

As shown in the plan
drawing of the machine
shop the tool room is locat-
ed in a small wing against

.. r ., 1 • * Fig. 15 — Mac

the wall of the machine u

bay so disposed as to be centrally located. Ample
light is provided in this room and the partition
between the two rooms and the main portion of the shop
is of expanded metal. Above the tool room and reached
by a stairway is a comfortable lavatory supplied with
both hot and cold water.

The larger machine tools are driven by electric motors
varying from i]/ 2 to 25 h. p. and the lighter machines
are arranged in groups and belted to line shafts, each
group being driven by an electric motor varying from 5
to 20 h. p. All machines are wired from a loop which
extends all around the machine bay, giving an excellent
system of distribution by which very little voltage is lost.
To accommodate those tools in the machine bay which
are driven in groups there are two lines of shafting ex-
tending in sections the whole length of the shop. Each
one of these sections is driven by a motor and the shafts
are so arranged that one shaft may be connected to its
neighbor and run thereby in case of accident to its own
motor. The shafting is supported on a structural steel
lattice girder laid flat with channels at each side to which
the shaft hangers are bolted. There is no traveling crane
over the machine bay and to facilitate work in and out
of the machines suitable jib cranes and air hoists are to
be provided. Most of the machines above mentioned as
being located in the main bay, where they are served by
the traveling crane, are individually driven by 'motors,
while a few of them are belt driven. The arrangement

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hine Bay in Boiler Shop — C. & E. I. R. R.

of counter shafting for these machine tools and the loca-
tion of the motors together with the form of lattice gird-
ers carrying the hangers are shown by Fig. 17, and also
partially shown at the right of Fig. 4, which gives a
general view of the main bay.

The motors are installed on brackets supported by
building columns or attached to the side wall as shown
in several of the half-tone engravings. The starting
boxes are mounted on the wall on iron columns as may
be convenient. These are all provided with double-pole
circuit breakers which take the place of main switches.
The controllers for the individually driven machines are
mounted on pedestals of special design which provide
space in the base for necessary resistance. On the back
of each controller is mounted the circuit breaker, thus
bringing all the operating mechanism within easy reach
of the operator. In general the drum type of starting
box is being used. All starting boxes and controllers
are provided with no load release attachments, which
in connection with the circuit breaker for overload will
provide adequate protection for the motors. General
electric motors have been installed for constant speed
work and for such small ranges in speed as can be ob-
tained by field weakening. On those tools where a range
of speed of about 4 to 1 is required the Commercial Elec-
tric Co.'s system of variable speed tool drive is being
used. The tools embraced by this system are the boring
mills, 2-wheel lathes, slotter, and a special planer referred

Siote Roof

Fig. [6 — Cross Section and Partial Side Elevation ck Boiler Shop — C. & E. I. R, R.

\g2

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

to a little later. Three
speeds are secured for these
motors by a combination of
Commutators, which about
equally divide the total
range, and intermediate
steps are obtained by a small
amount of field weakening.
The variable speed motors
on this equipment operate
on a 220 volt circuit and no
armature resistance is used
to obtain a speed variation.
The planer mentioned
above is used for all around
work and a variety of cut-
ting speeds is required to
attain maximum efficiency.
Two separate motors are
used in driving this ma-
chine, a constant speed mo-
tor on the return and a vari-
able speed motor for cut-
ting. A constant return

Fig. 17 — Showing- Arrangement of Counter Shafting and Location of
Motors for Driving Machine Tools Served by
Traveling Crane — C. & E. I. R. R.

speed is obtained irrespective of the cutting speed.

The largest tools in the shop are two 90-inch wheel
lathes which are deserving of attention. They are driven
by 20 h. p. motors which have speed ranges from 250 to
1,000. There are no belts used on the tools as the feed
is operated by a shaft and bell crank attachment below
the floor. Each machine is conveniently handled by the
operator as the controller is placed in easy reach and he

can increase, decrease, stop or reverse the motor as de-
sired. The quartering attachments are operated by two
individual ify h. p. motors which are controlled by sepa-
rate controllers.

A Niles 7-fOot boring mill is shown by Fig. 9. This
machine is driven by a 15 h. p. reversible, Commercial
Electric Motor and a 3 h. p. general electric motor oper-
ates the cross rail. The location and arrangement of the

Fig. 18— View Between Blacksmith and Machine Shops, Showing Portion of Each Building, Line
of Posts Carrying Wires for Electrical Distribution and Tunnel for
Steam and Air Mains — C & E I. R. R.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

193

Fig. 19 — Concrete Foundation of the Cinder Pit —
C. & E. I. R. R.

motors is clearly shown by the illustration and also the
controller which appears to the right of the photo-
engraving.

The heating system was installed by the Pope Heating
Company according to the design of the Consolidated
Engineering Company. By this system steam pipes are
attached immediately beneath the roof trusses and the
radiant heat therefrom is transmitted to the mass of
metal on the floor below. The metal in turn acts as a
radiator warming the surrounding air. The originators
of this system claim that the metal parts congregated in
the shop will be maintained at a temperature from 3 to
7 degrees warmer than the surrounding air. Under such
conditions the men are working in surroundings which
are warmer than the air in the shop, a condition more
enervating than when the air is warmer than the sur
roundings.

For general illumination and working at night or on
dark days there are provided 33 arc lights disposed at
different intervals about the shop and 300 incandescent
lamps. Each machine is provided with an individual in-
candescent lamp which is carried by a bracket supported
on the wall or by one of sufficient height to stand on the
floor. On the erecting floor each work-bench is provided

Fig. 21 — Showing Relative Positions of Storehouse,
Blacksmith and Machine Shops — C. & E. I. R. R.

with two wooden masts carrying two brackets which may
be adjusted to arrange the light carried thereby as de-
sired. These masts are also provided with sockets for
extension wires to facilitate work on inaccessible parts
about the locomotive.

Boiler Shop.
The construction of the boiler shop is similar to that of
the machine shop and is arranged in two bays though
its main bay is of less vertical height owing to the smaller
range of lift required by the crane. There are eight
stalls in the main bay in which the principal work is
done, and three of these stalls extend through the ma-

Fig. 22 — Cross Section of Blacksmith Shop-
C. & E. I. R. R.

9%A

■i 1 1 1
111

Fig. 20 — View in Blacksmith Shop — C. & E. I. R. R.

194

RAILWAY

Fig.

23-

-Plan of Lavatory in Machine Shop —
C. & E. I. R. R.

chine bay to provide for tank work. The machines are
disposed as shown in the accompanying plan drawing of
the boiler shop and the machine bay is served by a crane
of three tons capacity.

Several of the tools are grouped and driven by a sin-
gle motor and the heavier tools are driven by individual
motors. As shown by the plan view, the flue work is
done at one end of the building and the flue rattler is
located in a small wing adjacent to the corner of the
house, connected with the remainder of the building by
standard gauge tracks and small turn-cables. A second
wing adjoining the wall opposite to the transfer table in-
cludes the tool room and foreman's office on the first floor
and the lavatory on the second floor. In this wing and
adjacent to the tool room as shown by the plan the anneal-
ing furnace is located. The side walls contain an ample
amount of glazed sash affording a large amount of nat-
ural light which is supplemented by skylights similar to
those in the machine shop. The building is 209 feet long
by 109 feet wide. The main bay is 58 feet wide and the
machine bay is 58 feet 4 inches wide. The former is
served by a crane having a span of 55 feet and a capacity
of 20 tons. Both cranes in this shop were supplied by
Messrs. Pawling & Harnischfeger.

The Blacksmith Shop.

As shown by the general layout the blacksmith shop is
located between the machine shop and the store house at
a short distance from the roundhouse. The building is
100 feet by 136 feet with brick walls and a steel roof
truss, covered with tile. As in the other buildings, the
smith shop is lighted by an abundance of natural light.
The roof framing is of a different design from that of

MASTER MECHANIC June i 9 o 4

the machine and boiler shop having a ventilating louvre
running nearly the entire length of the building. There
are 18 forges operated by the down draft system of the
Buffalo Forge Company. An interior view of this build-
ing is presented by Fig. 20, which shows the location of
the fans for blower and forges, a number of the forges,
the arrangement of crane facilities, and at- the right is
shown a portion of the frame furnace. Two steam
hammers are installed, one of 3,000 lbs. capacity and the
other of 800 lbs.

LIST OF DIRECT CONNECTED GENERAL ELECTRIC MOTORS.

Motor.

Horse-
power.

Speed.

Tool

5
5

5
6
6

IV* ,
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
25
25

800
900
900

550 1100
700-900
700-1200
815

550-800
650
650

600-900
650

690 1
690 f
600-900
600-900
560
1300

36-inch upright drill, cap. 2-inch holes.

Heavy single shear, 48-inch throat, cap 6x1 inch flat.

7-foot vertical boring mill, two saddles. For operating"

rail only. (See 754-horsepower Commercial motor.)
Plain radial drill.

25x26 inches by 10 feet metal planer.
42 inches by 19 feet triple gear engine lathe.
30 inches double combined punch and shea^ cap. 5x%

inches flat.
30x30 inches by 8 feet metal planer.
36-inch shear. Old tool.
Double combined punch and shear. Old tool}
25x90 inches open side planer. Old tool.
84 inch wheel press. Old tool,

12-foot bending rolls. Old tool.

80-inch wheel lathes. Old tool.
48-inch car wheel lathe for steel tires.
Fan for forges.
Blower for forges.

LIST

OP GROUP

DRIVEN MOTORS.

No.

Horse-
power.

Speed.

No.

Horse-
power.

Speed.

1.100 R. P. M.
815 R. P. M.
650 R. P. M.

690 R. P. M.

650 R. P. M.

LIST OF DIRECT CONNECTED COMMERCIAL ELECTRICAL MOTORS.

Motor.

Horse-
power.

Speed.

450-1800

1200

280-1120

7y s

250-1000

~v° -

350-1400

300-400

250-1000

1600-2400

1?4

1600-2400

Tool.

37-inch vertical boring mill. Old tool.
36 by 36 inches planer, for reversing only
36-inch planer, for cutting stroke only.
For 7-foot vertical boring and turning mill. For cutting-
only. (See 5-horsepbwer General Electric above.)
18-inch slotter. Old tool.
Horizontal boring mill.
38 by 48 inches metal planer.
48-inch horizontal boring and drilling machine.
90-inch wheel lathe. Old tool. For operating spindle.

For quartering attachments, 90-inch- wheel lathe.

The power house, round house, store house and fur-
ther details of interest will be presented in a later issue.

Concerning Boiler Design

THERE appeared on page 154 of the May issue of
the Railway Master Mechanic a design of loco-
motive boiler with deep, narrow fire-box and short flues,
to be built for a Pacific type locomotive, and editorial
comment referring thereto, appeared in the same issue.
The boiler in question _was designed with the idea in view
of reducing troubles believed to be consequent upon long
flues, and a shallow, wide firebox. That this design has
attracted attention and that the boiler is a live issue, is
evidenced by the following communications which we are
privileged to reproduce: ^ v --
Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

I was much interested in reading in your May issue
~,u article entitled, 'An Interesting Design of Locomo-

tive Boiler." The design of the boiler is certainly novel
and extremely unusual: It is not to be examined, how-
ever, from this standpoint, but rather from its proposed
performance in actual service.

The first point that attracts attention as being very
much smaller in proportion than usual is the grate area.
With 37 square feet of grate area it will be absolutely
necessary to maintain a very high rate of combustion per
square foot of grate surface per hour, and in fact it is
questionable whether with the grate, area in question
enough coal can be burned to produce the necessary
amount of heat. There is no question whatever of the
value of fire-box heating surface, the fire-box evaporat-
ing at least 35 to 50 per cent of the total evaporation,

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

195

and that the greater the heating surface of the fire-box,
the better steamer the boiler will be. While apparently
the later designs of engines have shallow fire-boxes with
less proportion of fire-box heating surface than the older
feypes of engines, it is very probable that in all these de-
signs there was no desire to decrease the fire-box heating
surface, but rather to obtain the necessary grate surface.
The depth of firebox had to be sacrificed in order that
it might be widened out as the length had either reached
the firing limit or was restricted by other features of the
design. With the wider type firebox, which must at
least clear a trailing wheel, it is impossible to get the
depth as great as when the fire-box rested on top of the
frames or between the frames. The question becomes,
whether it is better to have sufficient grate area to prop-
erly and economically burn the necessary fuel, or is it
better to have a smaller grate area and a greater area
of fi "e-bcx heating surface. Evidently the boiler in ques-
t'on is going to determine this point. We may, how-
ever, from an analysis of the best designs, form some
opinion as to what the new boiler will or will not do, and
from such analysis it would seem that it is going to be
deficient in great area.

Mr. Vaughan, Superintendent of Motive Power of the
Canadian Pacific Railroad, read a paper before the April
meeting of the Western Railroad Club on "The Value of
Heating Surface." He brought out on this paper some
very valuable points that have hitherto been overlooked
to a large extent as regards value of heating surface in
different parts of flues and fire-box. He also calls atten-
tion, very emphatically, to the value of the ratio of trac-
tive power by the diameter of the driving wheels, to the
area of grate. He also draws the conclusion that for a
satisfactorily steaming engine your ratio should not be
greater than 5 for passenger engines, nor greater than
6 for freight engines. On this basis the proposed boiler
would be a very poor steamer, having a ratio of 7.71
which is away beyond the limit for freight service, let
alone passenger service. In the proceedings of the Mas-
ter Mechanics' Association for 1902, on pages 212 and
221, will be found a similar method of getting practically
the same ratio in different terms. The ratio in this case
being that of cylinder horse-pow'er to the grate area, and
from the results of a large number of engines which have
been built at different times, it was found that the best
practice gave this ratio as 25, while the limit was prac-
tically 47 for a single passenger engine burning bitum-
inous coal. The proposed boiler falls short also by this.
method in that its ratio is practically 46. It would there-
fore appear that, while it may be desirable to obtain a
large firebox, it is not advisable to do so at the expense
of grate surface.

'Idle shorter length Hue is undoubtedly desirable from
a maintenance standpoint, and will give less trouble and
at the same time waste a very small amount of heat din-
to the shortening of the flues, it is questionable, how-
ever, where any gain is made between a flue \(> , /j feel
long, i inches in diameter; over a 2;/ inch line propor-
tionately longer as regards strength and life. The short-
ening of lines by setting the flue sheet back, considering
the distance from the centre of the stack, euvolves an

exceedingly large volume in the smoke box. What ef-
fect this will have upon maintaining the desired vacuum,
the working of the fire, draft arrangement, etc., will be
an interesting study. It is a radical departure from the
present practice, and further information as to results
obtained will be doubtless appreciated by all who have
read the article. F. F. Gaines^

Mast. Mech. Wyoming Division, Lehigh Valley Ry.

Editor, The Railway Master Mechanic :

In your issue for the month of May d note the editor-
ial in connection with boiler troubles. In this editorial
you seem to group in the same category of evils the long
tube and the wide fire-box and you place upon them the
tlame for having aggravated boiler troubles.

There seems to be a great diversity of opinion as to
the effect of long tubes, in causing trouble in locomotive
boilers. Some master mechanics who have been using
the extremely long tubes have claimed that they have
had no additional bad results attributable to the length
of tubes ; while others have at once seen in the long
tubes the source of new troubles.

The very long tube is an accident. Engines were not
designed purposely to permit the use of tubes twenty
feet long, but rather the desire for greater adhesion and
tractive power made it desirable in some cases to use
three pairs of driving wheels on passenger locomotives,
and in order to provide plenty of steam a large fire-box
was required, which had to be carried back of the rear
drivers, resulting in the necessity for considerably ex-
ceeding sixteen feet in length of tubes.

It is open to reasonable doubt, if the addition of three
or four feet in length of the sixteen foot tube can of it-
self be the cause of any great additional tube leakaee.

The wide fire-box itself is scarcely open to the blame
for being the cause of greater boiler leakage, unless it
be due to the fact that it has been in many instances too
small to give sufficient grate area, so that no unusual
forcing of the boiler would be required to produce the
needed steam for the service which the locomotive was
expected to perform.

With the advent of the recent mammoth locomotives
has come a tendency to load them up to their full capac-
ity at all times, leaving no reserve power for emergency
conditions. This has resulted at frequent intervals in a
severe forcing of the boilers, consequent poor firing, fol-
lowed by hurried cooling, and unwise admission of cold
air into the fire-box. The large demand for power the
past two winters has caused operating officers to urge
the hurried turning of the power, and the boilers have
not had the proper 1 character of care in washing, and
in thorough round house repairs at terminals. The larger
demand on the locomotives has meant unusual evapora-
tion of water, meaning where poor water was used, a
large and rapid deposit of scale.

It is believed by many (hat to these causes, together
with the fad thai in tloi a few cases poor boiler work has
been done by the manufacturers, are due the added boiler
troubles thai have been found in connection with many
of (he locomotives having long tubes and wide fireboxes.

The writer believes thai railway companies in general

196

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, IQ04.

have overdone the fad for increasing the size and hauling
capacity of locomotives. There would seem to be strong
grounds for calling a halt, and in some cases reducing the
size of future construction, even though the size of the
trains hauled is correspondingly reduced. The greatly
added cost of locomotive maintenance, together with the
greatly increased destructive effect on cars and on track,
calls for serious analysis and careful consideration.

The special design of boiler shown in your May issue
has many excellent points, and also some modifications
which are open to serious doubt.

The proper design of a locomotive boiler cannot be
made without careful consideration, not only of the size
of the cylinders which are to be supplied with steam, but
also the wheel arrangement of the locomotive, and last,
but most of all, the class of service for which the locomo-
tive is intended. A boiler which is well suited to supply
the needs for carrying a ten or twelve-car train at an
average speed of forty miles an hour, making frequent
stops, or handling an eight-car train on' long 1 to 2 per
cent grades would not be suited for being a free furnisher
of the necessary steam on a fast express hauling six or
eight cars,, and running long distances between stops at
an average speed of from fifty to sixty miles per hour.

Not knowing the kind of service for which the boiler
shown in your illustrations is to be used, one is some-
what at a loss in commenting upon the design.

The length of tubes shown seems to be an average
length for a modern up-to-date locomotive. It surely
does not have the claim to be called a boiler with short
tubes.

A firebox that is ten feet and six inches long inside
would appear to be too long for a man to successfully
fire. It does not seem practical to. expect a fireman to
satisfactorily throw coal over ten feet into a firebox, and
to keep it up, as they would have to do for several hours
each trip, and do good work. The short, wide fireboxes
surely have the advantages in making good fireing easier.

Deep fireboxes require the carrying a thicker fire than
with the wide boxes. There is a large amount of the
firebox heating surface, namely; that which is below the
line of the fire, which is of little^value. In the firebox
shown there is at least twenty-fbtir_ square feet which
is of very little benefit. Three inches more in the length
of the tubes would undoubtedly be of more value than the
additional heating surface gained by using a deep fire-
box.

It is doubtful if the total heating surface in the boiler
is sufficient to make this boiler a free steamer, for rea-
sonably fast passenger service, if the size of the cylinders
is to be taken as the index of the power wanted in ordi-
nary service.

It might be open to question whether the grate sur-
face is sufficient to make steam economically with ordi-
nary grades of bituminous coal, in view of the highly
successful results which have been obtained during the
past few years with fireboxes having a very much larger
grate surface.

I am inclined to fear that in the zealous effort to avoid
tubes of excessive length, and wide fireboxes, that possibly
matters of more importance may have been sacrificed,

and that the net results in the end may be disappointing,
as compared with what might have been obtained with
the use of the wide firebox in the place of the long and
deep box. Yours very truly,

A. M. Waitt.
Yonkers, N. Y.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic:

In your May issue you illustrate a locomotive boiler
intended for a new passenger engine, which is interesting
because it embodies what might be called old ideas in-
stead of new ones, and in an editorial reference to this
same boiler you state that "'many boilers have been re-
cently built embodying wide grates and long flues with
no more seeming reason than that they are up-to-date."
I think this criticism on locomotive design is an unfair
one, at least in the majority of cases. The wide firebox
especially is the outcome of necessity, and it cannot be
considered a "fad" in any sense. When the wide firebox
was introduced for the purpose of burning anthracite
culm, every one recognized the fact that a large grate
was essential for this purpose, the reason being that the
rate of combustion could not be forced much beyond 50
pounds per square foot of grate per hour. The other
alternative was to keep the original -grate of about 30
square feet area and make the cylinders so small that the
steam consumption would not unduly tax the grate. But
this would never be accepted by railroad managers,
who want a heavy train, and, in passenger service at
least, a fast run as well. The same is true of soft coal
burners. Several years ago, when connected with the
C. & N. W. Ry., the largest passenger locomotives had
19^4 by 26 inch cylinders, 75-inch drivers, and 190
pounds of steam, giving an available tractive force at
slow speed of 20,000 pounds, the grate area being 30
square feet and heating surface 2,500 square feet. The
conditions of traffic required stronger engines — that is,
engines that would make up time with heavier trains,
and although these engines had been built but one year
before, a lot of engines with practically the same tractive
force, 20,800 pounds, were ordered, but with 3,000 feet
of heating surface and 46 square feet of grate. The
power of these engines at high speed was so great that
it was some time before the men realized the force under
their control and took advantage of it. They could be
run 70 miles an hour cutting off about half stroke; this
did not tear the fire, as the grate being liberal, the com-
bustion was distributed over a large area. The tubes
were 2 inches in diameter and 16 feet long, and the
machines were so successful that several later batches
were ordered just like them. I understand that these
engines have given less trouble with stay bolts and side
sheets than the narrow boxes, with the sharp O G bulge
just above the wheels that were previously used. The
M. M. Committee of last year reached the same con-
clusion.

With alkali waters the trouble seems to be greater,
probably because the radiant heat from a larger fuel bed,
must be taken up by a reduced firebox heating surface,
and the water being light is at times driven away from
the side sheet, resulting in the rapid destruction of the

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

197

sheet; with solid (non-foaming) waters this does not
occur.

Under any circumstances, the locomotive that makes
the most steam will do the most work, and we cannot
afford to curtail the generating powers. The boiler
shown in the Railway Master Mechanic has a ratio of
91 for heating surface to grate area. With western coal
(Illinois, etc.) the greatest rate of evaporation which we
could expect per square foot of heating surface per hour
would be 12^2 pounds of water from and at 212 degrees
If we made this ratio 70, by increasing the grate to 48
square feet, we could expect 14^2 pounds. For the
same heating surface, this means 16 per cent more
boiler power, or say horse power. Or again, at the same
total coal consumption, we should have a rate of com-
bustion of 154 pounds of coal per square foot of grate
per hour in the wide box against 200 pounds in the nar-
row. Owing to the smaller cinder and spark losses through
the stack and the more complete combustion (because
slower) we should evaporate about 70 per cent more
water per pound of coal. These facts are certainly logical
reasons for using the larger grate; — that it must be wider
is due to the limitations of locomotive dimensions and
length of throw for firemen.

Long tubes are due as much, if not more, to the type
of engine, as to the wide box. With the 4-4-2 type, 16-
foot flues work in very nicely — when we try to put a third
pair of drivers between the cylinders and the firebox we
must lengthen the tubes ; as a rule, however, the diameter
is increased nearly in proportion to the length ; 2^4 -inch
tubes 19 feet long would have the same proportions as
the 2 in. by i6 l / 2 ft. tubes to be used in the new boilers,
and it must surely be the relative and not the actual
length that governs the heating value of the tubes. The
answers to question 28 of last year's boiler committee
seems to indicate that the length does not greatly affect
the maintenance of flues, but that quality of water and
severity of service are the principal causes of trouble.
This we believe to be correct. The large boilers will
do more work, the superintendents know they will, and
they must work to the utmost limit. As an example of
this, in oil burning, locomotives will perform 25 per cent
more work (in horse power) than the same engine burn-
ing coal — the division superintendent realizes -this and
loads them" so that they will have to do it; and the boiler
deteriorates so much faster. I do not deny that firebox
surface is a better evaporative medium than tube surface,
and believe that water tubes of some form could be
placed in the firebox with advantage, giving a rapid
evaporation, and at the same time protecting the side
sheets from some of the radiant heat. The flue sheet is
bound to suffer — if an arch could be maintained, it would
protect the back ends of the (lues from radiant beat, but
in bad water territory, the fines must be caulked every
trip, and the arch interferes with tin's work.

( )ne thing must be borne in mind : coal contains a deli
nite number of beat units to tin 1 pound — if we burn (bis
in a firebox without any tube surface, we will evaporate
almost as much water as if tube surface be Used, and if
we keep the temperature of the up-takc to tbe rtormal

heat, it matters little how the heating surface is disposed.
But we cannot get more heat out of the coal than its
constituents indicate, even if our heating surface was
measured by the acre, and if more heat is needed to gen-
erate steam, we must burn more coal. Even with 7^
inches of water for draft the spark losses are about 22
per cent and as this draft is necessary to burn coal at the
rate of 200 pounds per square foot per hour, the limiting
rate of combustion seems to be fixed thereby, so that more
coal means more grate, regardless to a certain extent, of
heating surface. Yours truly,

G. R. Henderson.
Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

I have noted carefully the cuts in your May number
representing the proposed new type of locomotive boiler.
It, of course, is a novelty in design, and may result in
proving that we are, up to date, quite wrong in having
adopted the wide firebox, long flue boiler. From past
experience, however, I am not disposed to admit that
the wide firebox with long tubes has been a mistake. Our
experience with this type of boiler dates over a period of
about two years, and we have not as yet found them more
prone to leak than the narrow firebox boiler with shorter
flues. We find, however, very much in them to commend.
Taking engines of the same size and in the same kind of
service over the same territory, also carrying the same
pressure, one type equipped with narrow and long firebox
and the other with short and wide firebox, we find that
the wide firebox engine will do the same work with more
regularity of steam pressure, and burning a great deal
less coal. With the narrow and long firebox engine our
observation has been that the length of firebox, 120 inches
or over, prevents the fireman from distributing the coal
to any such advantage as may be done in the short wide
firebox, and in cleaning the fire it is also a hard matter
for the fireman to reach to the front part of the grates
in order to clean the fire at that point, the result being
that the fire close to the flues becomes dead and the air
rushing in at that point is not heated sufficiently to pre-
vent chilling the flues. 4 We believe, with that type of fire-
box, all else being equal so far as water spaCe between
sheets and between the flues are concerned, the long fire-
box, short flue engine will be found prone to cause more
trouble with leaks than the wide firebox long flue engines
would be. We have, I believe, in the past more than
reached the limit in the length of firebox over which
a fireman can distribute coal to good advantage, unless
the furnace door be raised from tbe footboard. This, of
course, has its objectionable features, in the fact that it
might then lie claimed that tbe work of raising the coal
from the level of tbe lloor of the tender to tbe furnace
door would also mean more labor, but I believe this
labor would be more than compensated for by the de-
creased effort necessary to distribute the coal over die
grates. What, in my opinion, is more to he desired than
anything else at present so far as the construction of
our boilers is concerned, is an increased distance between
firebox sheets, permitting of a larger body of water, and

1 98

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

freer circulation, longer stay bolts, smaller in diameter
and spaced closer. Boiler tubes spaced farther apart than
has been done in the recent past and placed in vertical
rows, so as to permit of freer circulation. With this
construction and a sane method of cooling, washing and
repairing boilers at our terminals, and more thorough
education of our men in caring for boilers, both on the
road and at terminals, I believe, our trouble with boiler
tubes and sheets will largely disappear.

Yours truly,

J. F. Walsh,
Supt. Motive Power, Chesapeake & Ohio R. R.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

Commenting briefly and superficially upon a design of
a large locomotive boiler — 73 inches in diameter — with
a 42 x 126 firebox which appeared in May issue of Rail-
way Master Mechanic. The distance between driving
wheels is a fixed quantity, and I do not believe that an
attempt to squeeze the firebox of a big boiler into this
space can be considered as a step in advance. This can
be done with the firebox of a 50 or 6o-irich boiler with-
out distortion, but to jam the firebox of a 73-inch boiler
between the same wheels brings about an undeniable dis-
tortion which means constricted water spaces, curved side
sheets (which pockets the steam) and, in consequence,
cracked sheets and broken 'stay bolts, to say nothing of
a grate io^4 ; feet long.

Boilers are growing bigger and any real advance ,in
locomotive design must be on lines that are capable of a
development to the limit, and the right of way should be
the limit rather thap the distance between driving
wheels.

The wide firebox, with straight side sheets and ample
water spaces has, in my experience, reduced side sheet
and stay bolt troubles to the minimum, and has given
the boiler a chance to breathe in. an unconfined and entire-
ly healthful way.

But then there are flues. If we assume that the wide
firebox in itself is good design, does not the solution of
the flue trouble lie in some form of combustion chamber
which would move the flue sheet ,away from the fire
and give shorter flues and more firebox heating surface at
the same time? - Yours truly,

Tracy Lyon,
Asst. Gen. Manager, Chicago Great Western Ry.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

I have not had experience with the modified wide fire-
box as recently applied to some of the western locomo-

tives, though have with regulation narrow firebox en-
gines for soft coal burning, and the full wide firebox of
the Wooten type as used in the anthracite coal region.

With anthracite coal the wide firebox is a success. I
attribute this to the uniform heat maintained with hard
coal, and also to the practice of never allowing the fire
to go out, except when necessary to blow off the steam
for washing out, or other purposes.

I think that there will be more or less difficulty with
any kind of a shallow firebox with soft coal as fuel for
the reason that there is a great variation in temperature,
ranging from cold draughts of air over the surface of an
indifferent fire, to the intense heat of perfect combustion ;
and, with the additional disadvantages of bad water, and
harsh treatment, both in the way of excessive load, and
indifferent handling by the enginemen, a lot of grief is
bound to be experienced with any kind of soft coal
burning engine, and probably more as the dimensions of
the firebox are increased. Yours truly,

W. M. McIntosh,

Supt. Motive Power, Central Railroad of New Jersey.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

The writer has had no personal experience with boilers
with flues longer than 16 feet, and so far as the locomotive
designs are concerned for which he has been responsible,
has had no difficulty in getting ample heating surface for
boilers of reasonable size with flues of this length. Not
being able to speak with the authority of experience on
the subject of troubles with very long flues, we can only
say that we look upon very long flues with a little dis-
trust, but rather fear that the design of the boiler referred
to, while tending to reduce the trouble from leaky flues,
has gone back to a form of firebox which will give very
much greater trouble with broken stay bolts on account
of the sharp "O G" bends at both sides of the firebox,
which all master mechanics know are apt to produce grief
without end on account of broken stay bolts.

The reasonably shallow firebox with 12 to 16 inches
under the flat bricks carried on the water tubes at the
front where the grate is not of unusual length so that the
fire can be efficiently spread and looked after, seems to
give with our fuel and water very good service, and by
using the wide grate we accomplish a distinct saving by
reducing the number of pounds of coal burnt per square
foot of grate per hour to produce a given evaporation.

Yours truly,
R. P. C. Sanderson,
Supt. Motive Power, Seaboard Air Line.

Criticism of Modem

By L. S.

THE enormous demands which have been made in
recent years on locomotives, both as regards
their tractive and horse-power capacity, has pressed the
design of the boilers forward more rapidly than our
engineers have been able to study the conditions sur-
rounding the new work required of them and apply the
proper remedies, which but for the hurry and bustle with

Locomotive Boilers

Randolph

which the work has been done, would have been fully
foreseen and arranged for. ,

The writer read before the Louisville meeting of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers an article on
"Strains of Locomotive Boilers," in which the stresses
under which locomotives boilers were working at that
time were pointed out and some remedies suggested. As

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

199

long ago as 1885, the writer also published a paper on
the "Strength of Stay-bolts" and was the first to call
attention to the failure of stay-bolts due to the vibratory
motion. This latter subject is now fully understood and
designers are fully aroused to its importance, but the oth-
er stresses due to the unequal expansion and contracting
caused by the unequal temperature and unequal rates of
heating and cooling is not understood, has not been
studied to any extent and remedies are not being worked
out for the dangers arising therefrom.

If we take the fire-box and tubes which are, of course,
the weak point and compare them with the earliest de-
signs, we find that the tubes are longer, the fire-box is
longer and higher, the temperature of combustion has
been increased and the boiler pressure has been raised
and consequently the temperature of the steam has been
increased so that the three factors governing the flue and
fire-box, namely, their total length, their total height,
and the temperature of the metal, all three have been
increased, and yet, with the exception of one or two
cases, there has been no concerted effort to apply remedy
and furthermore, the writer, with all modesty, would say
that he believes very few locomotive designers have made
the above analysis and are aware of these difficulties.
Larger boilers have been built simply in proportion to

the smaller previous designs which give only fairly good
satisfaction under requirements very much less severe.
We have had corrugated fire boxes which seem to have
worked very well, namely Tn the Strong locomotive and
later in the Vanderbilt type. Whether this is a complete
solution of the problem is doubtful, and it would seem
to the writer that they introduce objections which are
almost as difficult to overcome as these troubles which it
is intended to obviate.

The purpose of this article is merely to call attention
to this difficulty and point out the writer's idea of the
method of the solution which is that boilers must be de-
signed so that the expansion due to the different temper-
atures of the different parts of the boiler will be taken
up easily and readily and where the motion incident to
unequal expansion and contraction will not be thrown
on the slip joints of the flue sheets and the small radii
of the fire-box corners. Until this is done, we are likely
to have trouble, and serious trouble, with our flues and
fire-boxes. The present design practically makes of
each flue end an expansion joint; which is required to
operate at high pressure and abnormally high tempera-
ture, a thing which is not satisfactorily done at low pres-
sures and temperatures.

Four Cylinder-Balanced Compound Locomotive, N.Y.C. 6 H.R.R.R

THE Schenectady Works of the American Locomotive
Company has recently completed the most inter-
esting engine which has been built since the construction
of the Vauclain four-cylinder balanced compound built
about a year ago by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway. This new
engine has been delivered to the New 'York Central &
Hudson River Railroad and was built according to the
design of Mr. F. J. Cole, mechanical engineer of the
Schenectady Works. It is evident from a consideration
of this design that an effort was made to avoid complica-
tions and introduce the compound feature with as imv
changes as possble from the usual type of American
simple engine.

The low pressure cylinders are located in the position
common to simple engines, being outside of the frames'
and attached by a saddle casting to the smoke arch. The
high pressure cylinders are situated forward of the sad-
dle casting and between the frames which are extended
to such length as to support them. The pistons of the
high pressure cylinders are connected to the forward axle,
which is suitably cranked to accommodate such connec-
tion between the frames. The low pressure cylinders arc
connected to the rear pair of drivers in the manner com-
mon to locomotives of the 4-4-2 type. By this arrange-
ment of cylinders long connecting rods are possible both
ii.side and outside of the frames.

The cranks on each axle are at 90 degrees to each other
and so disposed that the outside crank is at 180 degrees
with its adjacent inside crank. The valves are of the piston
type and the valves of both the high pressure and low

pressure cylinders on one side are connected to the same
valve stem and operate within a continuous valve chest
which acts as a receiver between the high pressure and
low pressure cylinders very much as in the design of
Schenectady tandem compound. The valves are operated
by the usual Stevenson link motion so that no complica-
tions are introduced in this particular. The high pressure
cylinders 15^ inches in diameter by 26 ins stroke, and the
low pressure cylinders are 26 ins. in diameter by the same
length of stroke. The engines operate under 220 lbs. of
steam and the outside diameter of drivers is 79 ins. Ap-
plying these figures to the usual formula for four-cylinder
compound locomotives evidences this engine capable of a
tractive power of 23,800 lbs.

The general dimensions are presented by the follow-
ing table :

General Dimensions.

< lauge 4 ft. 8% ins.

Fuel : Bituminous coal.

Weight in working order! 200,000 lbs.

Weight on drivers 110,000 lbs.

Weight, engine and tender in working order 321,600 lbs.

Wheel base, driving 7 ft.

Wheel base, rigid ] G ft. 6 ins.

Wheel base, total 27 ft. 9 ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and lender 53 ft. 8 ins.

Cylinders.

Diana, of cylinders 15'X. ins. and 26 ins.

Stroke of piston 26 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston

L. V., outside, 5y, ins.; II. I'., inside, 6'/ 4 ins.

Diain. of piston rod 3 ins.

Kind of piston packing Cast iron rings.

Kind of piston rod packing

I'. S. metallic with Gibbs' vibrating cup.

Valves,
Kind of slide valves Piston type.

20O

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

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June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

201

202

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Greatest travel of slide valves 6 ins.

Outside lap of slide valves 1 in.

Inside clearance of slide valves. / H. P. % in., L. P. % in.

Lead of valves in full gear < % in. lead

forward motion when cutting off at 11 ins. of the stroke.

Kind of valve stem packing U. S. metallic.

Wheels, Etc.

No. of driving wheels 4

Diam. of driving wheels outside of tire 79 ins.

Material of driving wheel, centers .'..... .Cast steel.

Thickness of tire 3% ins.

Tire held by Shrinkage and retaining rings.

Driving box material Cast steel.

Diam. and length of driving journals. 10x12 ins.

Diam. and length of main crank pin journals (back side

6%x4 ins.) Back, 6x6 ins.

Diam. and length of side rod crank pin journals

. . Front 5x3% ins.

Section of rods Main, I; side, I.

Engine truck, kind .4 whl. swing

cen. bearing spring centering device, R. R. Co.'s style.

Engine truck, journals 6%xl2 ins. diam.

Diam. of engine truck wheels 36 ins.

Kind of engine truck wheels

Krupp No. 3, cast iron spoke, 3y s -in. tire.

Boiler.

Style Straight top. radial stay.

Outside diam. of first ring 72% ins.

Working pressure 220 lbs.

Material of barrel and outside of fire box

Coatsville( Worth Bros. ) steel.

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of firebox....

13-16 in., 9-16 in., % in.

Horizontal seams. Butt joint, sextuple riveted.

Circumferential seams Double riveted.

Firebox, length 96% ins.

Firebox, width 75% ins.

Firebox, depth Front, 80% ins.; back. 69 ins.

Firebox, material Carbon steel.

Firebox plates, thickness

. .Sides, % in.; back, % in.; crown, % in.; tube sheet, % in.
Firebox, water space 4 ins. and 5 ins., front;

3% ins. and 5y 2 ins., sides; 3% ins. and 4% ins. back.

Firel:ox, crown staying Radial.

Firebox, stay bolts '. . .Taylor iron, 1 diam. W. S.

Tabes, material and gauge

Worth charcoal iron No. 11 B. W. G.

Tubes, number 390

Tubes, diam. 2 ins.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 16 ft.

Fire brick, supported on Water tubes.

Heating surface, tubes 3248.1 sq. ft.

Heating surface, water tubes 23 sq. ft.

Heating surface, firebox 175 sq. ft.

Heating surface, total 3446.1 sq. ft.

Grate surface 50.3 sq ft.

Grate, style Rocking in 4 sections.

Ash pan, style Hopper bottom, dampers F. & B,

Exhaust Pipes Single.

Exhaust Nozzles 5% ins., 5% ins., 5% ins. diam.

Smoke stack, inside diam 18 ins.

Smoke stack, top above rail 14 ft. 8 ins.

Eoiler supplied by N. & Co., Monitor No. 11.

Tender.

Style U.

Weight, empty. 51,600 lbs.

Wheels, number 8

Wheels, diam 36 ins.

Journals, diam. and length 5%xl0 ins.

Wheel base 16 ft. 9% ins.

Tender frame 10-in. channels.

Tender trucks' 2-4

wheel cen. bearing, Fox pressed steel frames and bolsters.

Water capacity .' 6000 U. S. gals.

Coal capacity .10 tons.

Erake — Westinghouse American combined on all drivers and
trailers operated by air. Westinghouse American com-
bined on tender, and for train Corrington Consolidated
Engineers' valve and parts. Signal schedule Westing-
hoiise J. air pump, 9% ins. left hand. One main reservoir,
• 20 13-16x128 ins. trailing truck, rigid with outside jour-
nals. Trailing truck journals, 8x14 ins.; wheels, 50 ins.;
tire, 3 ins. thick. Tires held by lip and shrinkage.

Handling Injectors on the Road

OUR last number contained editorial comment con-
cerning a method of pumping boilers which we
are pleased to see has excited some discussion. We re-
mark that we'are pleased, because it is by means of dis-
cussion that we can learn to best advantage how practices
are generally considered. In support of the position taken
we would refer to a recent round trip of an engine which
had previously given trouble with leaky flues. This is
a wide firebox engine which burns bituminous coal and
operates over a division of 131 miles. Before starting
on the run it was explained to the engineer that he was
desired to put in as much water as possible while working
steam and as little as possible when shut off. He be-
came interested, and adhered very closely to this method
and at the end of the run remarked that it was no more
trouble to handle water in this manner than by his ac-
customed way. On the runs referred to the engine had
its full tonnage, steamed freely, and popped but once dur-
ing the round trip. It reached each terminal dry in spite
of the fact that its condition had been such as to lead
the engineer to remark before starting that he thought
it would be impossible to get in on either occasion -with
dry flues. During the return trip the grates became dis-
connected and the end of the rnn was made under the
disadvantage of a very dirty fire and in spite of this fact
the engine came in dry.

Presented herewith are several communications which
have been forwarded to us discussing this very interest-
ing subject :
Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

With reference to your editorial in the May issue of
the Railway Master Mechanic, would advise that the
practice Of pumping boilers while standing at stations is
to the disadvantage of the boilers, and would also say
that your idea of the matter as presented therein is cor-
rect, namely, when the throttle is opened, circulation is
again suddenly started, temporarily knocking the steam
pressure back, and not only doing some harm to the boiler
by starting the flues to leak, but it certainly will start
them to leak. It is not only hard on the flues but on the
firebox sheets ; besides, when starting out of the station
you will not have steam when you need it the most to get
your train in motion.

In several years' practice as a locomotive engineer, I
find that the only way to maintain sure water level is to
hold your level while engine is working. Simply work
injector enough after shutting off the steam to avoid the
disagreeable noise of popping while around stations, hav-
ing water enough in the boiler so that it will not be
necessary to work your injectors until after the train is
started and your full' pressure of the steam has been
raised.' In case it becomes absolutely necessary to work

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASftll MECHANIC

203

the injector while around stations to keep your water
level up where it belongs; the fire should be forced with
the blower to the extent that the steam pressure allowed
be kept up against the water that is being pumped into
the boiler, Yours truly,

W. O. Thompson,
Div. Supt. Motive Power, N. Y. C. & H, R. R. R.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

Your editorial in the May issue of the Railway Master
Mechanic concerning the effect of feeding cold water into
a locomotive boiler while the engine is not working steam,
is no doubt theoretically correct and is couched in words
that would also look practical to most anybody except a
locomotive runner but there are other things that depend
upon boiler feeding beside the care and the maintenance
of the flues, which are mainly : Fuel consumption and
hauling heavy tonnage with dispatch. These require-
ments necessitate the skillful engineman's storing away
thousands of heat units by keeping the boiler as full of
water as practical when the engine is at rest, thus having
a reserve to draw from while the engine is laboring into
speed, to recover from the effects of the stop, and the evil
effects are not as great from delivering water to the boiler
when the fire is not under forced draft, as is naturally
supposed considering the fact that there is a good fire
in the fire box under natural draft, and the saving that
accrues from skillful manipulation of the injector far
outweighs the damage to flues and fire box caused by
the variation of boiler temperature. You state the most
practical method of handling the injector to advantage,
is to hold the water level while the engine is working
and use the injector after shutting off steam, merely to
the extent to avoid popping off.

Again from a theoretical view point this is absolutely
correct, but is it practical to held water in a boiler any-
where a level considering the sporadic conditions at-
tending locomotive practice ? We think not.

First. Because it is necessary to keep the injector at
work after shutting off steam, to prevent the wasteful
escape from the safety valves.

Second. To store water enough in the boiler so that
the engineman may fayor the fireman by leaving the in-
jector closed when starting and should the engineman
not 'do this, he would not make many stops be'fore the
fireman would be in a demoralized condition with his
fire spoiled.

I would like to mention here that a badly clinkered
fire is far more injurious to flues and side sheets than
putting water into the boiler under any condition when
the fire is clean and it can be safely said that the engine-
man who skillfully handles the injector most favorably
to the steaming of his engine and keeps the fire in good
condition, adds 50 per cent to the life of the Hues and
fire box.

In conclusion would state that from observation and
many years experience, T am led to believe that flue and
fire box deteriorations arc mainly clue to hostling and
firing dp locomotives and can be eliminated to a great ex-
tent in this direction and Article 8, — in the "Care of

Locomotive Boilers," published in your May issue, i. e.,
— To bring the boiler to the clinker pit as full of water
as possible before the fire is cleaned or knocked out, will
give greater relief than anything else in hostling the en-
gine. The most noticeable cause for leaky flues and stay
bolts came when the railroads changed their method of
firing up locomotives, by changing from wood with
natural draft to coal and oil under forced draft. This
radical change has been responsible for more leaky boilers
than anything that has come under my observation.

W. E. Widgeon,
Road Foreman of Engines, Vandalia Line.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic:

Referring to editorial appearing in the May issue of
your publication on the subject of care of locomotive
boilers. I beg to say that I agree with you as to the
advisability of care in the operation of injectors, and
there is no doubt but that a large proportion of boiler
failures reported are due to the water supply being
handled carelessly and unintelligently.

The rules of instructions for foremen, enginemen
and hostlers appearing on page 162 of your May issue
are, in my opinion, to the point, and if observed, will
largely reduce the number of cases of trouble with
tubes reported. I would suggest, however, the addi-
tion of a few more "don'ts" to the list shown, as
follows :

Don't leave a terminal with fire in condition that
will permit of steam pressure reducing twenty to
thirty pounds the first two -or three train lengths, as
this procedure will necessitate delaying admission of
water to permit of steam pressure reaching normal.

Don't permit the fireman to become careless in his
work. See that he places the coal where needed and
keeps his fire as uniformly level as possible, to p-e-
vent banking and pitting, with a consequent bad effect
on tubes.

Don't forget, when you get over a hill and cut your
engine back, to ease your injector proportionately, to
enable the fireman to keep steam at normal pressure.

Don't use the blower any more than you can pos-
sibly help, , for it results in making your fire solid and
fills up the box, and anything that is bad for the fire
will eventually be bad for flues.

I would suggest the following additions to instruc-
tions :

To hostler: Don't forget to close the dampers and
door after fire is cleaned, so the cold air will not pull
through the firebox and Hues when you put engine
in the house.

To boiler inspector, I would say: Don't open the
damper's and the door and then turn on the blower
wide open when you inspect firebox, for if you do, if
the Hues are not leaking then they probably will be
as soon as engine is fired up and expansion takes
place.

Yours truly,

James E. Keegan,
Master Mechanic, G. R. & I. Ry.

204

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic : ,

Since the transportation department began charg-
ing engine failures for everything that occurs on the
road where time is not made or tonnage hauled, it has
forced the mechanical department to try all means
possible iO avoid them.

Leaky flues and staybolts figure largely in these
failures, and as it has become recognized that the
boiler is the life of the engine and source of power,
this department is doing everything to increase the
efficiency of the boiler and life of the flue.

In localities were the water is bad the troubles from
leaky flues are greatest, and there is where every
effort should be made to protect the boiler. From the
time the engine comes out of the shop until she has
completed her mileage every possible effort should be
made to guard against failures. First, in cooling
boilers to be washed, especially if a brick arch is used,
as much time as possible should be given, the in-
jector put to work and left on until it breaks. Then
attach the washout hose to feed pipe and open blow
off cock and let water run through uritil water is luke-
warm. It is bad practice to blow the steam off and
then let the water out and allow the boiler to stand,
as this will cause scale to' harden on the flues and
sheets.

In preventing failures after the engine is turned out
for her run every one that has the handling of her from
the time she crosses the turntable until she is housed
again has a duty to perform, and if done indifferently
or carelessly will result in a failure ; if not the first trip,
it will come soon.

The hostler should leave the engine with proper amount
of water and a fire covering all the grates and about 125
pounds of steam with dampers closed.

The engine crew on taking charge should note the
condition of the fire and amount of water. Do not start
injector with a dead fire; build it up first.

. The engineer should know his fire, is in proper con-
dition before starting his train. On coming into a sta-
tion where fire is going to be cleaned do not let it burn
down to dead fire. Be sure and shut off the injector be-
fore cleaning and use the blower as light aspossjble. If
the injector is working at station to fill boiler keep the
blower on and good fire to hold up the steam pressure.
He should leave the engine at the terminal with a live
fire and plenty of water. At the ash pit the blower should
be used just enough to draw smoke and gas from the
cab, and as soon as it is knocked out and pan cleaned,
the dampers closed and engine put in the house, more
damage can be done by moving engines after the fire is
out than at any other time ; .but after, all this care has
been taken, if the boiler maker does not use the proper
tools in caulking they will soon start leaks that cannot be
overcome by the watchfulness of others.

I do not know of anything that will assist the mechan-
ical department in reducing engine failures of this kind
more than treated water. Since using it on the Union
Pacific the failures have almost entirely disappeared.

Where in March, 1903, there were 23 failures from en-
gines leaking on a division 173 miles long, in March,
1904, there was none. This water, with the care given at
terminals and by crews following out these instructions,
are responsible for bringing around these results.

Yours truly,

W. J. Stuart,
Traveling Engineer, Union Pacific Ry.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

I have carefully read the editorial referring to the
method of handling injectors which appeared in the May
issue of the Railway Master Mechanic and the set of
rules on page 162. The rules are something new to me ;
I did not think there was a road in the country that had
gone into this question so deeply.

I certainly agree that a very large percentage of the
engine failures are due to boiler troubles, and anything
that will have a tendency to reduce them is a good thing.
There is one part of the editorial that I do not quite
agree with, that is : "The most practical method of hand-
ling the injector to advantage is to hold the water level
while the engine is working and use the injector after
shutting off steam merely to the extent necessary to
avoid 'howling' or the disagreeable noise of popping
while around stations." The best and most economical
engineers I have ever ridden with play their injectors to
lose a little while the engine is working and manage to
reach the water tank, coal chute or station with the blow-
er on and the injector working; that is, conditions in the
firebox are practically the same in both cases, heat being
generated and stored in the boiler by the water level
being gradually raised. The injector is shut off when
starting the train and left off until the lever is hooked up
and normal conditions restored in the firebox, then the
injector is again worked to lose a little to the next stop-
ping, place. The man who manages in this way has the
least trouble with flues leaking. The reckless roar of the
■blower at the cinder pit will undo in five minutes all
that a careful crew has done on the entire trip to take
care of their boiler, firebox' and flues.

I personally talk to our boys at the cinder pit and have
them just use the blower strong" enough, when cleaning
fires, to take the gas and smoke out of the firebox instead
of allowing it to go into their faces and lungs.

The care of the boiler is paramount in keeping it in
good order. Still there are a great many things that
have an important bearing in this subject that are seldom
noticed or spoken of. At any rate, they, are not given the
attention they should receive. I believe if you were to
give the matter a thorough sifting, aside from bad water,
you will find that the greatest number of boiler failures
are where the least attention is paid to stopped flues.
When flues stop they are lost as to usefulness; heating
surface is reduced ; engine don't steam ; engineer begins
to favor the fireman by shutting off the injector; reaches
the station, tank or top of hill with just barely water
enough to hold his office; both injectors on; fire crowded
by the fireman ; there is a struggle between the cold

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

205

forces and hot forces for supremacy, all at the expense
of the boiler. How to run and fire a locomotive without
stopping many flues would be an interesting paper and
would have a tendency to reduce boiler failures a great
deal. It is no uncommon thing to get on a locomotive
that is in heavy and hard service and find from fifty to
a hundred flues stopped up. Still we wonder why she
leaks. We have no regular printed rules or instruc-
tions here. All that are given are along the lines outlined
in this letter. Yours truly,

J. W. Hardy,
Road Foreman of Engines, Colorado Midland Ry.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic:

I have read your editorial on care of locomotive boilers
with much interest and offer the following :

I cannot agree that most damage is done when throt-
tle is closed, or when drifting or standing on side tracks
or over clinker pits. True, much damage can be and is
done under these conditions, but the greater amount of
damage by far results through using steam when the
firebox is poorly protected through insufficient fire on the
grates, or exposed for too long a period of time to the
inrush of cold air through a wide open door, the latter
often being resorted to in order to "cool her off" before
shutting off for a station.

It is not very often, in practice, that the water level
will be high enough at the moment that the throttle is
closed to enable or justify the enginemen in shutting the
injector off. Nor do I think it is practical or at least
prudent to do so. In any service — freight or passenger
— that I am familiar with, the work is so exacting, in
most instances, that the fire must be kept up to
the top temperature right up to the shutting off point,
otherwise fresh coal in large quantities will need to be
added to the fire between the time the thottle is closed
and time same is opened again. This, to my mind, will
do more harm in the matter of reducing firebox tempera-
ture by absorption of heat from the live fire than would
be likely to result if fire was kept up hot, the injector left
working and the blower applied lightly while the engine
is shut off for a town or drifting.

Of course, unless the fire is in such shape as will main-
tain steam pressure without loss, using the v injector
would be likely to do much harm. We recommend com-
ing into stations with a hot fire, controlling the pops with
the injector and shutting the latter off before start is
again made.

Evenness of temperature in fireboxes is more easily
maintained in this way than in any other, I believe. •

It is safe to say that the bulk of abuses to locomotive
boilers are due to other causes than that of working in-
jectors after engine is shut off for; drifting. Taking,
for example, a case where engine crew would figure to
have water enough and shut the injector off simultan-
eously with the throttle, at each stopping or drifting
point, it would be necessary in order to avoid popping to
have the fire well burned out approaching the shutting
off places, and it is almost certain that a larger quantity

of fresh coal would need to be added before a start could
be made, the fresh coal absorbing the heat from the fire
that should be imparted to the firebox sheets, during the
time that the start is being made.

Damage is often done after drifting a considerable
distance and pulling out again without coming to a stop,
through the fire having been allowed to burn down too
low. It is certain that pulling out with a fire that is not
hot enough to take jcare of the cold air that is drawn
through the grates, or with a fire that is too new, will
do more damage than any other form of abuse we
know of.

The most practical method of handling an injector on
a passenger engine, to our mind, is to come into stations
so that the injector can be kept working up to about the
moment that the start is to be made, as in that way the
fire can be kept up to the proper temperature in ap-
proaching stations and the start out from such station
can be made with a hot fire, which, in my opinion, is the
most important factor of all. Keeping a uniform steam
pressure at all times as closely as possible, and not leav-
ing firebox door open longer than is necessary to put in
from one to three scoops of coal, are the points that are
valuable and should be persevered in.

To accomplish the former the fireman must keep his
fire up to a high temperature all the time in order that
the heat absorbed in disintegrating the fresh coal will
not seriously curta-il that which should be absorbed by
the firebox sheets.

To accomplish the latter the fireman should not put in
more than one to three scoopsful of coal at a fire, thus
shortening the period of open door and avoiding too
much heat absorption by the fresh coal as above.

The most potent factors in boiler and firebox abuses, I
believe, are, first, too light a fire pulling out of stations ;
second, allowing fire to burn too low and then adding
large quantities of fresh coal while start is being mad?.
In either case the results are about the same ; in i\v<;
former the fire is too thin to heat up the cold air that is
drawn through the grates, and in the latter the little fire
that is on the grates will not give off much more heat
than is necessary to raise the fresh coal to the igniting
point, and in both cases the air that is drawn into the
firebox will be cold, so to speak, and the box, especially
the tubes, will suffer from contraction.

Yours truly,

D. R. MacBain,
Division Master Mechanic, Michigan Central R. R.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

I heartily agree with your deductions as brought out
in your editorial in the May issue of the Master Me-
chanic relative to the care of boilers, both on the road
and in the shop.

I agree with you that more care in pumping an engine
while in the hands of the engineer will, in a large meas-
ure, overcome many of the road failures due to leaky
flues, etc., especially in the bad water districts. Some
objections might he urged in thai it is not always prac-

2o6

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

tical to follow out this method while on the road, yet if
it is not entirely practical, an effort should be made to
follow this practice as far as possible, and the engineer
will soon realize that it is not as difficult as he .first
imagined.

Referring to your article on the "Care of Locomotive
Boilers," page 162 of the same issue, -I will state that,
while our rules are not exactly similar, they cover prac-

tically the same ground, and we have found that we can
very materially add to the life of the flues and firebox
by giving them the attention as -outlined in these instruc-
tions, and especially in the instructions to the boiler
washers relative to cooling an engine preparatory to
washing same. Yours truly,

F. P. Roesch,
Master Mechanic, Chicago & Alton Ry.

Mallet Articulated Compound Locomotive for the B. & O. R. R.

THE Schenectady Works of the American Locomo-
tive Company has recently built a large Mallet
articulated compound locomotive for the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, which is the largest engine ever con-
structed. Its total weight is carried on drivers and is
therefore entirely available in providing for tractive
effort. Bituminous coal is the fuel, used and the engine
operates under 235 lbs. of steam. The arrangement of
cylinders, wheels, valve motions, etc., is such as prac-
tically to constitute two .engines supplied with steam
from the same boiler. The high pressure cylinders are
located about centrally between the two ends of the
boiler and the low pressure cylinders are situated forward

secured between the upper and lower bars of the rear
frames. The forward portion of the boiler is carried by
castings, including bearing surfaces which are free to
slide within limits, thus giving the forward frames and
drivers the freedom of a radial truck. Above the guide
yoke a spring attachment is arranged on each side of the
boiler to bring it central when the locomotive has re-
- sumed the tangent after passing a curve.

The high pressure cylinders are 20 ins. in diameter by
32-in. stroke, having piston valves, and the low pressure
cylinders are 32 ins. in diameter by the same stroke, using
the ordinary type of balanced slide valve. Steam distri-
bution is accomplished by Waelschaert valve gear. The

Mallet Articulated Compound Locomotive-
B. & O. R. R.

of the smoke arch. The driving wheels operated by the
high pressure cylinders are independent of the forward
drivers, or those operated by the low pressure cylinders,
and carry separate and independent frames. The boiler is
attached to the rear frames in the usual manner witha sad-
dle casting and expansion pads. The attachment of tke
boiler to the forward frames is such as to permit the three
forward pairs of drivers considerable lateral motion to
enable the locomotive to take any curve which it may
encounter, so that the 10-ft. wheel base of the rear drivers
practically constitutes the rigid wheel base of the loco-
motive. The rear ends of both the upper and lower
bars of the forward frames are joined by pieces which
form a swivel joint about pins carried by two castings

motion work operating both the high and low pressure
cylinders are controlled by the same reverse lever so that
while both valve motions are independent of each other;
they operate in concert.

Steam is delivered to the high pressure cylinders from
a steam dome located immediately above them by care-
fully lagged pipes which pass down on each side of the
boiler. Exhaust steam from each high pressure cylinder
passes to a large pipe carried beneath the boiler and
located a little below the top line of the frames, which acts
as a receiver and delivers steam to the low pressure cylin-
der. To provide for the lateral motion of the fore part
of the locomotive,, this pipe is supplied with flexible
joints. From the low pressure cylinders exhaust steam is

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

207

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

carried to the smoke arch through a horizontal pipe
located above the top line of frames, made necessary by
the extreme forward position of the low pressure cylin-
ders. This pipe is provided with elbows and flexible
joints.

The boiler is of the straight top, radial stay type, 84
ins. in diameter at front. There are 436 tubes, 2]/^ ins. in
diameter and 21 ft. long, giving a tube heating surface
5366.3 sq. ft. The heating surface in the firebox is 219.4
sq. ft., making a total heating surface 5585.7 sq. ft. The
grate surface is 72.2 sq. ft. Coal is fired through two
openings which are closed by sliding doors operated by
levers. Both check valves are placed on the back head of
the boiler and feed water is delivered through pipes in-
side of the boilers to the forward end. The reverse lever
is operated by a steam reversing mechanism.

Determining the tractive effort by the usual formula
for tandem compounds, this locomotive is capable of a
tractive power of 70,000 lbs. ; the ratio of tractive effort
to total heating surface is 12.5; the ratio of total heating
surface to firebox heating surface is 25.4 ; the ratio of
total heating surface to grate area is 77.3, and the ratio
of firebox heating surface to grate area is 3.03. The
several weights have not yet been determined.

While the origin of this type of locomotive is foreign,
. it is used but little abroad and the present engine is the
first of its kind to be built in America.

The following table contains the principal dimensions
of interest :

General Dimensions.

Gauge 4 ft.- 8% ins.

Fuel Bituminous coal.

Wheel base, driving 10 ft. and 10 ft.

Wheel base, rigid : 10 ft.

Wheel base, total 30 ft. 8 ins.

Wheel base, total, engine and tender 64 ft. 7 ins.

Cylinders.

Diameter of cylinders - 20 and 32 ins.

Stroke of piston 32 ins.

Horizontal thickness of piston 5% ins. and 5% ins.

Diam. of piston rod • 33^ ins.

Kind of piston packing 3% in. square packing rings.

Kind of piston rod packing

U. S. metallic; With Gibbs' vibrating cup.

Size of steam ports L. P. 20x2% ins.

Size of exhaust ports .L. P. 20x3 ins.

Size of bridges., L. P. 1% ins.

Valves.

Kind of slide valves H. P. Piston, L. P. Allen Richardson

Greatest travel of slide valves 6 ins.

Outside lap of slide valves H. P. 1% ins., L. P. 1 in.

Inside clearance of slide valves % in.

Lead of valves in full gear

%-in. lead F. & B., both engines constant.

Kind of valve stem packing TJ.- S. metallic.

Wheels, Etc.

No. of driving wheels 12

Diam. of driving wheels outside of tire 56 ins.

Material of driving wheel, centers Cast steel.

Thickness of tire 3 ins.

Tire held by Shrinkage.

Driving box material Best cast iron.

Diam. and length of driving journals 9x13 ins.

Diam. and length of' main crank pin journals ( main side

7MX5 ins) 6%x7 ins.

Diam. and length of side rod crank pin journals (inter

5x4% ins ) F 5x3% ins.

Section of rods, main I Side, rectangular.

Boiler.

Style Straight top, radial stay.

Outside diam. of first ring 84 ins.

Working pressure 235 lbs.

Material of barrel and outside of firebox Worth steel

Thickness of plates in barrel and outside of firebox

1 in., % in. and % in.

Horizontal seams Butt joint sextuple riveted.

Circumferential seams -.Double riveted.

Firebox, length 108% ins.

Firebox, width 96% ins.

Firebpx, depth, front 80% ins. back, 72 ins.

Firebox, material .Worth steel.

Firebox plates, thickness

. Sides, % in.; back, % in.; crown, 7-16 in.; tube sheet, % in.

Firebox, water space. .. .6 ins. front; 5 ins. sides; 6 ins. back.

Firebox, crown staying Radial.

Firebox, stay bolts .

Wrought iron to B. & O. spec'n, 1 in. diam. W. S.

Tubes, material and gauge

National charcoal iron No. 11 B. W. G.

Tubes, number 436

Tubes, diam 2% ins.

Tubes, length over tube sheets 21 ft.

Heating surface, tubes 5366.3 sq. ft.

Heating surface, firebox 219.4. sq ft.

Heating surface, total - 5585.7 sq. ft.

Grate surface 72.2 sq. ft.

Grate, style Rocking.

Ash pan, style... Hopper.

Exhaust pipes Single.

Exhaust nozzles . 5^-in. diam.

Smoke stack, inside diam 20 ins.

Smoke stack, top above rail 15 ft.

Boiler supplied by

. .... .2 inspirators, Hancock, type F, 5000 gals, capacity.

Tender.

Style Water bottom, hopper type.

Wheels, number 8

Wheels, diam. . 33 ins.

Journals, diam. and length 5%xl0 ins.

Wheel base '. 20 ft. 2 ins.

Tender frame Steel channels.

Tender trucks 4 whl. cen. bear-
ing with wrought iron side bars and cast steel bolsters.

Water capacity 7000 U. S. gals.

Coal capacity 13 tons.

Brake '. .Westinghouse, American,

combined on all drivers and tender, operated by air.
Two 9V L rin. left hand air pumps.
Two main reservoirs, 18 1 /l.xl40 ins.

Valve Lubrication

REPORTS of fancy records with valve oil impelled
an expression which was published in the May
issue of the Railway Master Mechanic, with regard to
the effect produced by excessive wear as a consequence
of seeming oil economy. The writer of this article ex-
pressed a readiness to compare repair accounts, main-
taining the position that a good oil record at the expense
of fuel and repair work represents a loss.

Referring to this subject we have received the follow-
ing communications :

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

Replying to the statement of Mr. E. N. Wiest, M. M.
of the M. & N. E. Ry., regarding the use of valve oil,
w r ill say that I have no figures that I can compare with
Mr. Wiest as all our engines are switching and transfer.
It has been the practice of all the master mechanics for
the past twenty-five years to hold the engineers account-
able for the use of more than one pint valve oil for one
hundred or two hundred mile runs. They seem to lose
sight of the loss of coal, etc., and hold nothing else in

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

aog

account but valve oil. I am surprised at the number of
miles they make without ruining the cylinders, and no
doubt they would be ruined if it was not that the steam
is somewhat of a lubricant in itself. If you take into ac-
count the number of square feet, etc., in an engine to be
lubricated in one day, it is very hard tu see how it can
be done. The cylinders of an engine 31 x 20 ins., piston
20 x 6 ins., valve, seat, and packing on valve, makes for
one cylinder 2,704 sq. ins., and the two 5,408 sq. ins., and
for one revolution 10,816 sq. ins., or 75 sq. ft. to be lubri-
cated. A 5 1 -in. driving wheel makes 390 revolutions in
a mile and therefore 29,250 sq. ft. to be lubricated. Then
take it for 40 miles it would be 1,170,000 sq. ft., equal to
26 acres of surface to be lubricated. This is figuring 6,500
drops of oil to the pint. One hundred miles would make
2,925,000 sq. ft. of surface, equal to 67 acres, and with
600 miles to the pint, makes 17,500,000 sq. ft, equal to
403 acres of surface. I give these figures in acres just
to show the amount of wearing surface, which does not
include the piston rod and the surface of the cylinder
heads which, of course, would collect some oil and some
possibily might be lost out of the stack in stopping and
then starting.

I have never seen a road on which they stinted the en-
gineers on oil, that there was not more or less blows in
the valves which, of course, would cause the loss of a
considerable amount of steam and it takes coal and water
to make it. For instance coal at $2.00 per ton, makes
10 lbs. for a cent, and a shovel of coal about 24 lbs., 2^2
cents value. It is not an unfrequent occurrence to see
a fireman throw in 8 or 12 shovels of coal when stopped
waiting for a signal, etc., value of which is from 20 to 30
cents, more than the value of the oil an engine will use
in a whole day. I think if we paid a little more atten-
tion to the keeping of our valves and pistons in good
shape, and allow a little more oil, we would save money
at the end of the year. I have never yet stinted the en-
gineers on valve oil and we have faced but very few,
seats and have no engines blowing. I have spent days rid-
ing in the cab with engineers and seen the engines ope-
rated where the engineers complained about not having
enough valve oil, and when I found they were not getting
enough more was allowed them. We are sat-
isfied with 40 or 50 miles for one pint valve oil, and
we are not troubled with the valves blowing, and have
no waste of steam or fuel, from valves or pistons blowing.

Yours truly,
1 'etcr H. Peck, Master Mechanic,
Chicago & Western Indiana R. R.

Editor^ Railway Master Mechanic:

"Are not valves, false seats and cylinder bushings
cheaper than valve oil ?"

This text is taken from an article in the May issue of
the Railwa) Master Mechanic, by Mr. E, N. Weist
M. M., entitled "Valve Publication."

There is no doubt that the saving of oil in recem
years has been carried to the extreme and : as a naturau
consequence valves and cylinders have suffered. An en-
gine that makes 600 miles to a pint of oil has not, in m* .
opinion, been treated right and the foundation has been
laid for a disease that will gradually and surely effect
all of its vital parts, growing worse day by day, and the
man who handles the lever regularly and feels its pulse
can detect this — to his sorrow. It consumes more fuel
and water each trip and is worked harder until finally
laid up for extensive repairs to eccentrics, links, valves,
cylinders, etc., whereas if 18 cents worth of oil had been
used instead of 6 cents worth, per 600 miles it might
have made three times the mileage and been a more sat-
isfactory machine while in service. It is customary in
some instances to make monthly statements showing oil
used on different divisions. The man using least is con-
sidered economical and the one using the greatest quantity
extravagant, while it may be the one using the greatest
quantity is the most economical. I cannot give 'any
figures that would be interesting, for the engines now in
service have not been in use long enough to make com-
parisons. I have, however, a 16 x 24 in. 8 wheel Bald-
win, 56 in wheel centers and 140 lbs. steam pressure,
Richardson balanced valves, in daily service which has
run for 21 months, one month of which it only made 63
miles. Its record shows 78,193 miles on 637 pints cylin-
der oil in 21 months, averaging 123 mile.s per pint. Its
seats and valves are in perfect condition and may not,
from present appearance, need facing for at least 18
to 24 months. This engine has a g l / 2 in. air pump lubri-
cated at both ends with the same oil. I might add that
a little of this oil was used on main pins.

J. S. Booth, M. M.,
Car. & N. W.-Ry., Chester, S. C.

(From a Master Mechanic.)
Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

The quality of material being lubricated has so much
to do with the wear to the lubricating parts that any
statement of wear and pints of oil per 1,000 miles, would
be of little value, unless there was a complete information
of the quality of the cast iron.

Our oil records are watched closely, not so much with
the view of making excessive mileage per pints of oil,
but to keep tab on possible waste. My instructions to
enginemen are to run the engine cool and do it with as
little oil as possible, but run them cool, remembering
that if three drops fill an oil hole, four or rive drops is
a waste, that gallons of oil on the machinery and ground
will not prevent hot boxes.

So tar as the valve and cylinder lubricants are con-
cerned, we always find thai they have been lubricated,
and some are badly worn and others show little wear.
This is purely a question of material and statistics of
miles run to pint of oil would throw no light on the
matter whatever.

210

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Vanderbilt ioo,ooo-lb. Capacity Steel Flat Car

June, 1904.

THE accompanying engravings illustrate the design
of a 1 oo,ooo-l bs. capacity flat car recently built
by the South Bethlehem Steel Car & Foundry Co. for the
Lackawanna Steel Company. The design and construc-
tion was supervised by Mr. L. A. Shepard and the car is
patented by Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt. The entire frame

disposed as needle beams which are firmly secured to
both by heavy angle plates thus strengthening the car
laterally. Cross braces of angle iron are disposed at in-
tervals between the center and side sills and these con-
stitute floor beams to which the nailing strips are secured.
The. sills are supported at each truck by a bolster of 'cast

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Vanderbilt ioo,ooo-lbs.
is of structural steel and the flooring is of wood. The
most interesting feature of this construction is the de-
sign of sills. The use of an unusually light sill is made
.possible by a form of truss of structural steel instead of
using the usual truss rod, thus producing a sill which
is much lighter than an entire channel section or the
deep fish belly. The center sill is a 10 inch channel
weighing 20 lbs. per foot, 35 ft. $% ins. long, trussed
by a 10 in. channel weighing 20 lbs. per foot bent as
shown in the elevation of the car and riveted at
the ends with the web of the truss against the
web of the sill and the lower flanges flush. The
side sill is a similar construction composed of a 10
in. channel weighing 15 lbs. per foot and trussed by a 6
in. channel weighing 13 lbs. .per foot. On account of
the absence of metal along the neutral axis the construc-
tion' of each sill is unusually light and the sill proper con-
stitutes a compression member while the truss constitutes
the tension member of the entire structure. Between
the upper and lower members, two 8 in. channels are

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Capacity Steel Flat Car.

steel arranged in three sections between the sills, as in-
dicated by the sectional view of the car showing the bol-

Crd view at broke n-fee? aid of Car.

Vanderbilt 100 ,000- lbs. Capacity Steel Flat Car-
Sectional Views.

n 10" c is*? ni }3 „ £JL

Vanderbilt 100,000 lbs. Capacity Steel Flat Car— Plan and Side Elevation.

June. 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

211

ster. The structure at this point is strengthened by a
steel plate 12 by ^4 bis. secured with JA in. rivets to the
upper flanges of the sills and bolster castings. Each end
sill is a yi in. steel plate bent to L shape, cut away at
the center to accommodate the coupler and stiffened by
angle irons rivetted at the bottom. The car is 35 ft. 6
ins. long over end sills, 9 ft. 2^ ins. wide over side sills,
24 ft. between truck centers, with a light weight of 28,650

lbs. The height from top of rail to top of floor is 3
ft. 8 ins., and height to top of brake shaft 6 ft. 6 ins.
The capacity of the car is 100,000 lbs. between bolsters
or capable of a concentrated load of 55,000 lbs. between
the needle beams. They are equipped with Tower coup-
lers having M. C. B. 5 inch by 7 inch shank. Xew York
air brakes, Sessions standard friction draft gear, Vander-
bilt brake beam and Atha cast steel bolsters.

Some Suggestions Regarding Methods of Educating Shop

Apprentices

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

Several years ago the writer inserted a short article
in the Railway Master Mechanic advocating a certain
amount of technical education for shop apprentices, and
pointed out a few problems that would have to be solved
before a system that would be beneficial both to employer
and apprentice could be decided upon, and that the
greatest obstacle to be overcome was the person who
teaches them. The purely technical man is hampered by
his technicalities, and the practical man by his numerous
rules of thumb. The personnel of the apprentices, their
fitness for their calling, and their adaptability to assimi-
late education of a technical character, should be consid-
ered, their classification by trades into different classes,
the amount of education they have, the interest they take
in their studies, and the trades they are to follow.

The system inaugurated by the L. S. & M. S. at
Elkhart has several features that are to be commended,
especially the lectures at one class, and their discussion
at the following one. But I think two features will stand
some criticism, and that is all branches of trade into
one class ; and instead of having the management sup-
porting it, the boys should have an incentive to study by
supporting it themselves ; they could pay into a general
fund a nominal sum monthly to provide text books and
instruments, and make their advancement in the shop
keep pace with their advancement in their studies, the
classes to be divided into two distinct classes, one in one
class who are learning boilermaking, tin smithing and
sheet metal work, their studies to consist of practical
geometry, development of patterns and arithmetic, in-
cluding all branches up to square root. Those who are
learning the machinist and pattern making trades to be
taught mechanical drafting, elementary machine design
and mathematics, including the branches taught the metal
trades, cube root and the reading of formulas. Although
I am sure that the outlined plan is open to criticism and
that certain modifications will render it more perfect, I
will submit it as a ground work of something more effi-
cient.

Of late years the correspondence method of teaching
has accomplished a large measure of good, but I find
from my observation a singular fact, and that is those
who are deriving the most benefits are the ones with
settled habits; men who arc out of their apprenticeship,
who realize education is the only road to advancement,
men who are married and are looking ahead to a future,
and what good shop apprentices are deriving from it is

almost nil. Of course my observations have been some-
what limited, but what is a fact in a small circle may
apply to one of a larger radius.

Yours truly,

W. H. Graves,
General Foreman, C, R. I. & P. Rv.

Editor, Railway Master Mechanic :

There is a rule upon our road that the employees' sons
are given the first chance for apprenticeship. They are
required to stand a written examination consisting of ex-
amples in arithmetic, writing and spelling. We have no
night school, but some of them have taken up the corres-
pondence system, with success, while ethers have made
very little progress which is due to their own fault.

I feel that the apprentice question is one of the most
important questions to be dealt with, both for the good
of the employer, the maintaining of the standard of pro-
ficiency of the trade in which the apprentice has started,
and to the apprentice himself.

W "hen a boy enters the shop the company knows that
it will be some time before he can earn his wages, but
the} - are in hopes to be able to make a good man out of
him.

The question where to start a boy and have him the
most useful and where he can learn the most in a given
time should be studied with the utmost care.

You may put the best of tools in a shop and place the
boy on one of them, give him a certain piece of work to
do ; if he does not have an idea where that piece goes on
an engine, how it should be fitted, or had no instructions
in the reading of drawings, he will make very little
headway if left by himself and with all the duties that
are now required of a foreman, there is very little of bis
time left to instruct the apprentice. If we had a teacher
in our public school who would advocate the putting of
a boy in algebra before he had had addition of numbers,
we would think he was departing from all good sound
reason. Is it not the same with putting a boy upon a
machine first? Should not that boy be placed where he
can learn every pari of an engine? Their names, loca-
tion, and bow each should be fitted? How will he learn
this the most quickly? By being thrown in with them
and seeing them in their worn-out condition, and then
next seeing a new one inserted in its place.

If a boy spends, say. two 'cars on the pits, if he has
applied himself as he shoe' 2 will know pretty nearly

212

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

where every part of an engine goes. If he does not in
that time, he had better learn the baker trade. Should
he show some mechanical ability then put him on the
machine side of the shop. Should a drill press fall to
his lot first, he will know the importance of having a
hole drilled where it is laid out and not a 1- 16-inch out
of the way. Should a bolt cutter come next' he will know
whether the bolt should be cut a loose or tight fit for the
nuts.

If he is given a frame bolt to make next he will know
where to find the hole to fit that bolt to and how it
should be fitted.

As he passes along down from one machine to another
for the next two years he will at the end of his appren-
ticeship be able to do any of the ordinary jobs on the
engine, and his employer will find that he is of .some use
to him, and not merely a machine capable of doing but
one thing.

During the apprentice time the boy should be taught
to say I can. 'Be made to see that there is always room
at the top of the ladder. That there is always a place
waiting to be filled by men of experience and new ideas.
That he, can not reach them by sitting down and saying
"I can't. I have no one to push me along," but he must
be shown that he must improve every spare moment.
If he has not the advantage of a night school take up
one of the many correspondence schools that may be had.

Let him know that he is being watched and if he
spends his time hanging around street corners, pool
rooms or dance halls, try to show him the folly of such
thing.

If it is possible to organize a class as a great many of
our shops are doing, make it an evening that they will
look forward to. Have them make the evening profit-
able by having questions to ask, don't always try to
answer them that evening, put over, have them study
on them and come prepared at the next meeting to
answer them ; by so doing they will remember them a
great deal longer. It is knowledge gained by actual
work which can never be lost. Show him, though he
may be black and greasy for ten hours a day, that it is
an honest and noble calling, and it is better to be the son
of toil than a nabob waiting for dead men's shoes. Teach
him economy, not to spend all of his wages, and that by
saving a small portion each month, at the end of his
time he may be able to take a course in some well estab-
lished mechanical school; thus- combining the practical
and technical work and making a man that in after years
his first employers can point to with pride.
Yours truly,

H. A. Beech,

Foreman Locomotive Department, Ann Arbor R. R.
Owasso, Mich.

Locomotive Testing Plant at The Louisiana Purchase Exposition

THE first locomotive to be tested on the plant
established at the Louisiana Purchase Expo-
sition as a part of the exhibit of the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad was placed on the plant early
in May and was run daily for the purpose
of breaking in the apparatus. The plant was
placed in regular service on May 10th and
has since been running smoothly. The princi-
pal features of the plant have been described in
Bulletin No. 2, issued by the Pennsylvania. From this

bulletin we take the following, together with the illus-
trations of the plant :

The Pennsylvania Railroad System has been assigned
a space in the Transportation building of the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition, three hundred feet in length and
ninety feet- in width, a portion of which will be devoted
to the locomotive testing plant. Located in the second
bay from the south side of the building and facing one
of the wide entrance of its western exposure, this space is
easily accessible for the locomotives which will be tested.

The general arrangement of the plant is shown on

^;^^^^^<;^^;^^;^^ , ^^"^^^^^^l^^

i^^w^H^;^c-^<^

Locomotive Testing Plant at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition — Side View

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

213

three plates forming a part of the bulletin, in end eleva-
tion, side elevation and in plan. The letters designating
the essential parts are the same on each plate.

The locomotive under test is carried on supporting
wheels whose axles are extended to receive absorption
brakes. The turning of the driving wheels causes the
supporting wheels to revolve, but these are retarded by
the brakes to any extent desired.

The work actually done by the locomotive consists in
overcoming the frictional resistance of the supporting,
wheels and brakes, the resulting force exerted at the
drawbar being measured by a traction dynamometer.

The upper faces of the supporting wheels "J" are at
the level of the tracks and of the floor of the building,
with a pit of sufficient depth for these wheels and their
supports.

The base of the plant consists of two longitudinal
bed plates, "A," of cast iron, secured to concrete founda-
tions of ample depth for the weight to be carried, and to
resist the shocks transmitted from the locomotive driving
wheels when revolving at high velocities. The bed plates
are provided with T slots running longitudinally, and by
means of suitable bolts the pedestals, "B," are secured
to them, thus permitting adjustment lengthwise, in order
that the supporting wheels may be located to correspond
with the spacing of the driving wheels of the locomotive
to be tested.

There will be two sets of supporting wheels, one con-
sisting of three pairs, 72 inches in diameter, for use
under passenger types of locomotives having large driv-
ing wheels, and one set of five pairs, 50 inches in diameter,
to be used under locomotives with smaller wheels and
designed for freight service. The pedestals will be of two
heights ; the lower ' ones for the supporting wheels of
larger diameter, the higher ones for the smaller sup-
porting wheels.

The journal boxes carried in the pedestals are self-
adjusting so as to secure uniform support for the jour-
nals. The lower half of the box contains a bronze bear-
ing of suitable composition, while the upper half, which
acts only as a cap and carries no weight, is made of cast
iron. The bearing surface is ample for the weight to be
carried, but in order to provide against any possibility
of heating, the journal boxes are cored out and arranged
for cooling by water circulation. The lubrication is
accomplished by two chains over each journal dipping
into a bath of oil.

( )n the ends of each supporting shaft are the absorp-
tion brakes "('," which form the resistance which the
locomotive must overcome, in order to exert its tractive
effort at the drawbar. They are designed on a plan which
enables them to work with perfect smoothness, to be
used with ease and convenience and to have a large
capacity. This type of brake was first used' as a dyna-
mometer at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and is
the invention of Mr. ('.. T. Aldcn, M. M. E., formerly a
member of the institute faculty.

The brake in its simplest form consists of:

1st. A smooth, circular, revolvable cast iron disk, with

radial grooves, keyed to the shaft which transmits the
power to be absorbed.

2d. A non-revolvable housing having its bearings upon
the hub of the revolvable disk.

3d. A pair of thin copper plates fastened to the hous-
ing, one face to each copper plate being close and paral-
lel to the sides of the revolvable disk, the other face of
each plate having back of it a chamber in the housing.

4th. A system of piping and connections by means of
which water under pressure can be circulated through the
chambers between the copper plates and the housing.

5th. A system of piping and connections by means
of which oil is circulated in such manner as to insure
perfect lubrication of the copper plates which are next to
the revolvable cast iron disk.

To insure sufficient capacity, each brake is provided
with two disks revolving- inside of each housing- with an

Locomotive Testing Plant at the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition — End View.
arrangement of copper plates and water chambers, to
allow pressure to be exerted on both sides of each disk.

Oil for lubrication between the revolving surfaces
enters near the hub of the disks and is carried by cen-
trifugal force along the radial grooves in their sides and
out to their peripheries, completing the circuit through
external tubes.

The housings of the brakes are secured against turn-
ing by rods attached to brackets "K," which in turn are
held to the sides of the bed plates by bolts in T slots.

The seats on the supporting shafts for the hubs of the
brake disks arc tapered, as shown at "D," keys being
placed in the shaft and hub to prevent turning. Nuts on
the smaller end hold the hubs in position. Eight absorp-
tion brakes are provided, and may he used either on the
shafts having the 72-inch supporting wheels, or on the
shafts with the 50-inch supporting wheels, means for
removing the brakes readily being provided by the taper
fit, already mentioned, and a nut at the large end of the
taper, so that the hub of the brake can be backed off
without difficulty or delay.

214

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

When the brakes are in use, water under pressure flows
through the chambers in the housings pressing the copper
plates against the sides of the revolving disks and causing
resistance to their rotation. The pressure of the water
is regulated by valves controlling both the inlet and
outlet independently. The water thus performs the double
function of supplying by its pressure, the required fric-
tion, and by its rate of flow means of carrying off the heat
generated.

The pipes leading to and discharging from the brakes
are brought together at one point where all the valves will
be located, so that the pressure and rate of flow, can be
readily adjusted to the work being done.

To keep the speed of the locomotive constant, would
ordinarily require hand manipulation of the valves con-
trolling- the ingoing- and outflowing water, but in order to

made in sections, so that it can be removed as occasion
may require. The central portion of the pit, however,
will be entirely open with the exception of sufficient plat-
form to enable those taking part in the tests to secure
indicator cards, make observations of temperatures and
obtain other information of this character.

A traveling electric crane "E" of 10 tons capacity, and
having a span of 43 feet between centers or runways
"F," serves the entire space occupied by the testing plant,
also sufficient space beyond the pilot of the longest loco-
motive to be tested, to reach the cars loaded with supplies
for the plant. The crane will be used for handling the
supporting wheels, axles, brakes, pedestals and other
parts, when necessary to change their setting and, further,
for handling all of the coal used during the tests.

The water required for locomotives under test will be

Locomotive Testing Plant at the Louisiana

secure as nearly as possible constant speed, there is a by-
pass around the main valve controlling the supply of
water for all the brakes, and in this by-pass is an auto-
matic valve controlled by the speed of the locomotive.
If the speed increases beyond the desired number of revo-
lutions per minute, the by-pass valve opens, so as to
increase the pressure on the brakes, and if, on the other
hand, the speed of the locomotive falls below that desired,
the automatic valve closes, and decreases the pressure on
the brakes.

The supporting wheels resemble in form, the usual
locomotive driving wheels, having cast steel centers with
tires shrunk on, and held in addition by retaining rings.

The contour of the tire is approximately that of the
head of a rail, but provided with means of keeping away
from its bearing surface the oil. which will necessarily
drip from the locomotive while running.

The pit containing the parts already mentioned is ex-
tended sufficiently to provide room for the storage of the
supporting wheels, axles, brakes and pedestals which are
not in use, and provides storage for such other supplies
and appliances as will be necessary for the operation of
the plant. The floor covering this portion of the pit, is

Purchase Exposition — Plan. S

weighed in two tanks, filled alternately, and run from
these into a third tank, from which it will be taken by
piping to the connections for the injectors. As a check
on the weights thus obtained, the whole supply used will
be metered and readings taken at such intervals as will
enable the amount shown by weighing to be compared.

The traction dynamometer "G" which measures the
drawbar pull of the locomotive is of the lever type and
is constructed on the "Emery" principle, in which flex-
ible steel plates take the place of knife edges used in
ordinary scales. The weight of each lever is taken by a
vertical plate in a plane intersecting that of the receiving
fulcrum plates at their center of rotation, thus relieving
these plates of all transverse load. The yoke embracing
the dynamometer and to which the drawbar is attached is
also mounted on flexible plates and braced by long and
flexible rods, to insure frictionless motion in the hori-
zontal plane only.

The total motion of this yoke and drawbar, due to the
leverage of the machine and to stress of parts when under
full load, does not exceed four one-hundredths of an inch,
so that a locomotive exerting a drawbar pull equal to the
full capacity of the dynamometer, will not move forward

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

215

on the supporting wheels more than the amount specified.
The drawbar is provided with a ball joint, to allow for
any side motion of the locomotive, or motion of the loco-
motive on its springs.

Near the base of the dynamometer, the oscillating mo-
tion of the ends of the last levers is transformed into a
rotary motion by means of steel belts wrapped around a
drum and kept in constant tension by suitable clamping
devices. The belt drum is mounted on a tube guided in
ball bearings, and inside of it is a rod, the upper part of
which is securely fastened to the tube, the lower end
being firmly attached to the frame of the machine. It will
thus be seen that when the belt drum is rotated, the
rod inside of the tube is in torsion, and this resistance
forms part of the total resistance of the machine, and
is constant for the same travel of the recording pen.

To the upper end of the tube already mentioned are
secured two radial arms, the extreme ends" of which are
finished to a circle having its center at the center of the
tube. The angular motion at the end of one arm imparts
straight line motion to a carriage, guided by a grooved
track and carrying the recording pen. The opposite arm
is coupled by steel belts to a rotary oil dash pot, to reduce
violent oscillations of the. recording pen, the extent of
which can be controlled as desired. The principal resist-
ances in the dynamometer are flat springs, placed under
the second levers and deflected by the motion of these
levers. There are three sets of these springs, varying in
resistance so that a travel of eight inches of the recording
pen, corresponds to a drawbar pull of either 80,000
pounds, 40,000 pounds or 16,000 pounds, as may be de-
sired. The drawbar pull is traced upon a strip of paper 18
inches wides, made to travel at a known rate of each mile
run by the locomotive, and this will form the permanent
record of the drawbar pull in each test.

The yoke and drawbar of the dynamometer can be
adjusted vertically through a range of 12 inches by means
of a wheel "H," in order that the different heights of
locomotive drawbars can be accommodated.

The smoke from the locomotive will be carried out of
the building by a stack, which can be moved longitud-
inally of the plant to any position required, and the lower
portion of which will be made telescopic, so that it can be
raised and lowered for adjustment, and permit' the
passage of the electric crane, when necessary. The stack
has deflectors, so that the sparks discharged by the loco-
motives can be caught, weighed and form a part of the
data obtained.

The instruments necessary to get full information for
the tests will consist, in addition to the dynamometer, of
steam engine indicators, gauges for steam pressures, draft
gages for smoke box, fire box and ash pan, thermometers
for temperatures in the smoke box, calorimeters for get-
ting the quality of the steam, a revolution counter and a
tachometer for showing the speed in revolutions per
minute.

Means for bringing the locomotive safely to its posi-
tion on the plant form a most important part of the in-
stallation. The supporting wheels have been placed in
position corresponding to the spacing of the drivers, I
beams resting on the supporting shafts, and extending
the full length of the pit, will be bolted securely to the
inside faces of the supporting wheels. Supports at the
ends of the pit and at as many intermediate points as may
be necessary will be provided. On the upper flange of
I he I beams is riveted a grooved rail, so located that the
flanges of the driving wheels will run in this groove ; in
Other words, the locomotive will be moved to its position
on the plant by being run on the flanges of its driving
wheels, leaving the treads free to come into position
upon upon the supporting wheels. When in place, the
special rails and I beams will be disconnected, from the
supporting wheels and removed, so as not to interfere
with the operation of the plant. Provision will also be
made for taking care of the driving wheels without
flanges, which wi-11 be run over the same grooved rails,
the grooves being filled by a suitable section of rolled
steel.

A director of tests will be in direct charge of the plant,
and of all the tests made. Under him, will be an as-
sistant, and a foreman, who will give his attention to
the machinery, care of the intruments and other necessary
work of this character. There will be a large staff of
observers for the coal and water used, for taking indicator
cards, temperatures and readings from all the instru-
ments forming the equipment of the plant.

In order that all of the data obtained may be worked
up promptly, computers will be employed, so that the
data coming from the observers on suitable blanks, will
be tabulated and final results for comparison completed
for each test, before similar data for the next run comes to
the computing room. A force of 25 men will be con-
stantly employed. All apparatus has been carefully
selected and the most approved methods will be used to
insure accuracy ; the results will be put in a form con-
venient for reference.

Equalizer Truck for Freight Cars

THE sides and transoms of this truck consist of 13-
in. rolled steel channel beams cut to the required
lengths and united by gusset plates and connection angles.
The ends of the side pieces are notched out to receive
light cast metal pedestals with flanges which guide the
journal boxes. The equalizers are of cast metal and sup-
port U-shaped hangers, one leg of each hanger passing
through a hole in the web of a side piece. The springs

rest upon cast metal seats located beneath the side pieces
and the latter are supported upon the springs. To adjust
the frame and car body so as to bring the draw bar and
coupler to the required distance above the track it is
necessary only to turn the nuts upon the hangers.

An equalizer truck for freight cars has long been a
desideratum, hut the excessive first cost of the ordinary
types has heretofore prevented its general adoption. A

2l6

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Equalizer Truck for Freight Cars.

compound spring, two springs, or a nest of four springs
may be employed, as occasion may demand. The design
shown was worked out by Mr. R. C. Wright, of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania.

Personals

Mr. O. M. Laing, heretofore purchasing agent of the
Tennessee Central, has been appointed general store-
keeper.

Mr. M. Marea, heretofore road foreman of engines of
the St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado, at Eldon, Mo.,
has been appointed general foreman of shoos of the Bal-
timore & Ohio at Garrett, Ind.

Mr. F. F. Hildreth, heretofore master mechanic of the
Vandalia, at Terre Haute, Ind., has been appointed me-
chanical engineer of that road.

Mr. J. H. Stearns has been appointed road foreman of
engines of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado, at
Eldon, Mo.

Mr. Howard D. Taylor has been appointed Superin-
tendent of Motive' Power and Rolling Equipment of the
Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company, and also of the
Atlantic City Railroad Company," owned by the Phila-
delphia & Reading.

Mr. John Dickson, superintendent of shops of the Great
Northern at Everett, Wash., has been appointed master
mechanic of that road at Larimore, N. D., and is succeed-
ed in his former position by Mr. K. Frowbergh.

Mr. W. H. McNoldy, night foreman of the Pennsyl-
vania railroad shops at Juniata, has been appointed fore-
man of the machine shops of the. Buffalo & Allegheny
Valley railroad at Olean, N. Y.

Mr. W. L. Harrison, master mechanic of the Chicago,
Rock Island & Pacific, at Little Rock, Ark., has resigned.

The position of superintendent of locomotive and car
shops on the Nebraska division of the Union Pacific has
been created, and Mr. Alex. W. Whiteford, piece-work
inspector at the new Omaha shops, has been appointed to
fill it, reporting directly to the superintendent of motive
power.

Mr. W. R. Carrie has been appointed division foreman

of the Frisco System at Enid, Okla., vice Mr. W. R.
Randell, transferred.

Mr. John Howard, division superintendent of motive
power of the New York Central & Hudson River, has
been appointed superintendent of motive power and roll-
ing stock of the Boston & Albany. Mr. C. H. Hogan,
master mechanic of the New York Central at East Buf-
falo, N. Y., has been appointed division superintendent
of motive power at Depew, N. Y., and Mr. William Smith,
master mechanic at Mott Haven, N. Y., has been trans-
ferred to East Buffalo in a similar capacity.

The position of superintendent of machinery of the St.
Louis & San Francisco has been abolished and Mr.
George A. Hancock, formerly holding that office, has been
appointed superintendent of motive power.

Mr. George W. Smith, superintendent of motive power
and machinery of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, with
headquarters at Danville, 111., has had his jurisdiction ex-
tended to cover the St. Louis, Memphis & Southeastern
and the St. Louis & Gulf.

Mr. H. M .Meason has been appointed assistant master
mechanic, Pittsburg division, Pennsylvania railroad, with
office at Pittsburg, vice Mr. J. E. Mechling, who has
been made master mechanic of the Terre Haute & In-
dianapolis.

Mr. C. E. Boss has been appointed superintendent of
motive power and machinery of the Paris & Great North-
ern, with headquarters at Paris, Tex.

Mr. W. A. Nettleton, formerly superintendent of mo-
tive power and machinery of the Kansas City, Fort Scott
& Memphis, and afterwards assistant superintendent of
motive power of the Atchison, Topeka & San Fe, has
been appointed general superintendent of motive power
of the St. Louis & San Francisco system, and the Chi-
cago & Eastern Illinois, with headquarters at Saint Louis,
Mo.

Mr. T. F. Olsen has resigned as master mechanic of the
Houston & Texas Central at Ennis, Tex.

Mr. H. A. Bowen has resigned as master car builder of
the Cold Blast Transportation Company at Chicago.

Mr. B. E. Stevens has been appointed general foreman
of the locomotive department of the Illinois Central at
the shops at Burnside, 111.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

217

Mr. W. L. Davis has been appointed assistant master
mechanic of the Buffalo division of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, with office at Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Davis here-
tofore has been employed in the erecting shop at Altoona,
Pa.

Mr. J. J. Thomas, Jr., has been appointed master me-
chanic of the Atlantic Coast Line, with headquarters at
South Rocky Mount, N. C.

Mr. F. E. Sowersby, heretofore chief clerk to the
master mechanic of the Erie at Susquehanna, Pa., has
been appointed assistant to the master mechanic of the
Ulster & Delaware, with office at Rondout, N. Y.

Mr. W. L. Wilt, assistant to the chief motive power
clerk for the Pan Handle, at Columbus, O., has been ap-
pointed chief motive clerk of the northern system of the
Pennsylvania, at Fort Wayne, Ind. He succeeds Mr. F.
D. Reed, who goes to Chicago as chief motive clerk for
the Rock Island. George N. Sweringen, chief shop clerk
at Wellsville, O., has been transferred to Columbus, go-
ing into the motive power department as assistant and
chief clerk.

Mr. J. J. Dewey, heretofore acting master mechanic of
the Erie at Gabon, O., has been appointed master me-
chanic at Galion, and T. J. Cole, acting master mechanic
at Meadville, Pa., has been appointed master mechanic
at that point.

Mr. T. Rumney, heretofore master mechanic of the
Erie, at Jersey City, N. J., has been appointed assistant
mechanical superintendent of that road with office at
Meadville, Pa. Mr. H. B. Hunt, heretofore assistant to
the general manager, has been appointed assistant me-
chanical superintendent, with office at Meadville. Mr.
William Schlafge has been appointed master mechanic of
the New York division, with office at Jersey City, N. J., to
succeed Mr. T. Rumney, promoted. Mr. J. Wolfenden
has been appointed general foreman boilermaker, with
office at Meadville, Pa.

Technical Publication

Up-to-Date New York Air Brake Catechism, by Robert H.
Blackall.— An up-to-date catechism on . the New York air
brake by Robert H: Blaekall, author of the Westing-house Air
Brake Catechism, has just been published, the use of the New
York air brake having created a demand for literature de-
scriptive of the parts of the apparatus employed and explain-
ing their operation. A special effort has been made to render
this work valuable to those in road service, who are required
to pass examinations concerning their knowledge of the air
brake and its operation. The information contained is equally
instructive to those interested in the installation and mainte-
nance of the air brake mechanism as to those handling the
brake. Detailed information is contained bearing on' the
peculiarities, troubles, care and remedies, and other chapters
contain a large amount of general information on the broader
subject of brakes, train handling, train inspection, leverage,
formulae, rules, etc. Published by the Norman W. Henley
Company, New York. Price, $1.25.

"739 Paint Questions Answered." This is the title of a
comprehensive reference book, compiled from the pages of the
Painters' Magazine. One of the features of this magazine has
been the .attention given to answering questions concerning
the knotty problems and difficulties encountered by painters
in their daily work. This feature has assumed such propor-
tions and lias beep so successful in dealing with questions Of
general interest to the painter's trade that the practical
answers to these questions have been accumulated and put
into hook form so as to constitute a valuable addition to a
library of reference. The volume includes a treatise which

deals with the principles presented m replies to 739 of these
questions. Published by the Painters' Magazine, New York.
Price, $3.00.

+-+-+•

Train Rules and Train Dispatching, by H. A. Dalby. The
train dispatcher, his position as a factor in the successful
operation of American railways, his growth, the methods and
appliances by which he controls the movement of trains,
constitute the subject of this work. The book begins with the
story of an interesting incident of the first use of the tele-
graph in authorizing the movement of trains. It contains
much instructive information and includes a number of valu-
able suggestions derived from the experience of one who has
acted as operator and dispatcher in various parts of the coun-
try. Among other valuable features are given an outline of
the origin, organization and object of the American Railway
Association, the establishment of standard time, explana-
tion of what constitutes a train, the necessary sig-
nals to be carried, much descriptive matter covering
the time table, train order, work trains, train order
signals, identification of trains, the relation which should
exist between the dispatcher and the men on the trains, the
author's opinion what the department of train dispatcher
should consist, the standard code, as well as a number of
illustrations of semaphores, target signals, diagrams of hand
signals, train markers, etc. Published by the Derry-Collard
Company, New York. Price, $1.50.

Diaphragms

Fearing that the wording in which certain statements were
couched in an article referring to a type of sewed diaphragm,
appearing on page 170 of our May issue, might be mislead-
ing in conveying the proper conception of the situation, we
wish to state that the figures quoted refer to a single manu-
facturing company. We wish to state further that riveted
diaphragms are still being manufactured and continue to be
used among railroads.

A Vise for Holding Drill Press Work

The illustration herewith shows a vise especially designed
for holding work securely upon the table of a drill press.
The vise is bolted to the table, and when so secured is in
position to accommodate a large number of jobs without
being re-set. A large part of the work that would otherwise
have to be bolted to an angle iron can be much more readily
and quickly secured, so that its value is readily estimated.
Work is held between the jaws which are 5 ins. wide, 2 ins.
deep, and open 6% ins. The stop pins are hardened and can-

not fall out, but by lifting and turning slightly, will stay up
so the jaw and follower can be easily moved to I1ie desired
position and the pins dropped inlo place. The holes in base
for stop pins are % in. apart and the jaw has I in. travel with
screw, so it can be quickly adjusted to the work, lis weight
is 40 lbs. A drop forged wrench, lifting binding nut and
screw, is furnished with the device.

This vise is nianu I'acl nred and marketed by the llopkinson
Machine Works, Springfield, Mass.

2l8

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Roofing

Many of the principal railroads of the country hare adopted
'Perfected" granite roofing to a large extent for the roofs of
their shops, roundhouses and other buildings. Among these
may be mentioned the New York, New Haven & Hartford R.
It., who have used this type of roofing uninterruptedly for over
fourteen years and have from two thousand to three thousand
roofs of all sizes covered with this material. >

An interesting instance of the use of this roofing is in
connection with the saw-tooth roof over the machine shop
of the P. & L. E. R. R. at McKees Rocks. Pa. While planning
the erection of these shops considerable anxiety was expe-
rienced in regard to obtaining a suitable roofing material for
covering the saw-tooth section of the roof — particularly the
trench portion, as it had been thought desirable to make it
waterproof for at least one foot above the bottom to take
care of snow and water. As one side of this trench is vertical,
the condition will be appreciated as being unusually severe
for asphalt roof construction. The roofing material has, how-
ever, been put in place, meeting the above conditions by the
Eastern Granite Roofing Company of New York, manufacturers
of perfected granite roofing, under an absolute guarantee for
ten years.

Some of the claims for this roofing is that it can be laid
properly by an inexperienced laborer, that it is sightly, light
in weight, and easy to handle, that it is long lasting and- will
resist the action of fire, as well as that of acids, chemical
fumes, steam, gas or intense heat or cold, that it may be
laid smoothly over old shingles or tin and will not warp,
buckle, rust, rot or crack. Comparative tests have established
the fact that it is adapted to any and all kinds of roofs. We
are informed that there are buildings throughout the country
with roofs that have been covered with this material over
ten years and that these roofs are in neat, excellent condi-
tion, not having had one dollar expended for repairs during
that time. One strong point in regard to this product is
that it cannot be ripped from the roofs by high winds, which
so frequently happens in the case of tin roofs. The roofing
itself is made from the best grade of wool felts compressed
and held together by a composition, the top surface of the
felt base is coated heavily with the composition into which
white pebbles of uniform size are firmly pressed by the
application of machinery.

The rapidly increasing demand for the ready-to-lay roofing

ADOPTED

LDING railrc

iufagturerII

'111

jil
*■ build!

manufactured by this company in the states bordering the
Mississippi, as well as the necessity of maintaining a dis-
tributing center for the Western trade, has induced them to
establish offices and salesrooms at 305 Frisco building, St.
Louis, Mo., as well as to locate extensive warerooms in order
that a complete stock may be kept constantly on hand to en-
able orders to be filled promptly at short notice.

It is very probable that within a short time the company
will also begin manufacturing in the vicinity of St. Louis, as
it has been considered advisable to establish a plant on West-
ern territory.

The Eastern Granite Roofing Co. published a very handsome
photo pamphlet, which describes the roofing and explains its
economy and general adaptability. This book is embellished
with photographs showing a number of railroad buildings and
large industrial establishments covered with Perfected Granite
Roofing.

■» * »

Revolving: Racks

Order is generally recognized as a desirable condition. In
manufacturing this is particularly so, and anything which
promotes order, which systematizes, and which economizes
time or effort needs but little urging upon the wide-awake
shop manager of today who appreciates the profit to me made
by providing against wastes. Tool racks, lathe pans and
other useful articles, unobtrusive but ever at hand, presenting

WRITE FOR SAMPLt AND PHOTO PAMPHl£r,

"Perfected" Granite Rooeinu.

Revolving Tool Racks.

the right tool in the proper place at the instant required,
give the great saving and service for a very small outlay.
Appreciating the value of such appliances, the New. Britain
Machine Company directs attention to their tool racks among
the furniture in iron and steel which they handle. This
company is now prepared to offer in connection with their
line of machine shop furniture the revolving screw racks
and revolving tool racks formerly made by George Gorton
Machine Co. of Racine, Wis.

The screw rack has proven to be a great convenience in
stock and tool room because it holds a large supply of screws,
nuts, bolts, etc., in very small space, and in such shape that
any size is almost instantly accessible and the supply of a
given size may be seen at a glance. The step is supplied
with a ball bearing, so that but a touch is required to revolve
the rack.

The tool rack is very desirable for use in assembling room,
in tool room, at machine, or where it is desirable to have
large shelf room close at hand for fixtures or rough and
finished work. A ball, bearing also facilitates the revolving
of this rack.

These racks are illustrated by the accompanying engravings.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

219

Pintsch Side Lights for Suburban Coaches

The New York Centra] & Hudson River Railroad have ef-
fected an innovation in lighting by introducing side lights
in some of their suburban coaches and the results have been
so satisfactory that it is probable that many more of their
coaches will be equipped with these new fixtures. These
new side lamps were developed at the request of Mr. Brazier
of the Central, by the Safety Car Heating & Lighting Com-
pany, and the general style of the fixtures, as well as the
manner of applying, may be seen in the accompanying
illustrations.

The side deck center suspension lamp, now known as
Pintsch lamp No. 442, has proven particularly satisfactory.
It has all of the draught proof features of the standard
Pintsch center lamp and is proving very efficient in service.
It is fitted with a 2-flame burner, therefore it consumes but
half the amount of gas that a center lamp burns. These
fixtures are suspended from the side deck directly over the
seats as shown in the first illustration.

Fig. 1 — Pintsch Side Lights for Suburban Cars —
Showing the No. 442 Lamp.

The lamp shown in the second illustration is the Safety
Co.'s No. 373 bracket. These lamps, it will be observed, are
fastened to the panels between the windows, Tliey are sin-
gle flame, open burners, fitted with opal shades and can be
depended upon to give satisfaction, especially when used in
combination with the regular number of center fixtures.

There are great possibilities in this matter of side lighting
for railway passenger equipment, and the use of those lamps
by the Central has demonstrated that there are no insur-
mountable difficulties in connection with their employment.
It would not do or course to depend entirely upon side lights
for illumination, hut when some, or all of the center fix-
tures are retained, the result achieved may truthfully he
termed a hrilliant one.

■mm Ua

HHBHHfinjjlHfl 1SBS

Fig. 2 — Pintsch Side Lights for Suburban Cars-
Showing the No. 373 Bracket.

Riveting: Machine With Special Universal Bail

The accompanying half-tone engraving illustrates a 26-in.
riveting machine built by the Chester B. Albree Iron Works,
of Allegheny, Pa., which is equipped with a special Albree
universal bail which enables the machine to be turned to
any position for riveting on a sphere. This machine is made
up in the most careful manner. The yokes are O H steel
castings; all other parts except the cylinder are steel forg-
ings, and all the working parts are bushed with hard phos-

Mr. T. P. Der;armo, now representing the Flannery P,olt
Company, manufacturers of the Tate flexible stay-bolt, in
the west, is located <** Chicago.

Riveting Machine with Special Universal Bail.

220

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

nhor bronze bushings. The entire head of the machine is
bushed with a phosphor bronze bushing turned inside and out.
The head of the machine is bored accurate to take the bush-

Green River Opening Die Bolt-Cutter, Nut-Tapper
Pipe-Threader and Cutting -Off Machine

The accompanying illustrations show the Green River open-
ing die bolt-cutter, nut-tapper, pipe threater and cutting-off
machine, designated as number 55, with plain countershaft,
cutting-off attachment, extra scroll chuck on back end of spin-
dle, nut holders, etc., manufactured by the Wiley & Russell
Mfg. Co., Greenfield, Mass., together with a larger view of the
chuck supplied with machine and a more detailed view of
the opening dies, holders and carriage.

Fig. 1.

The machine is illustrated by Fig. 1. Its capacity is for
bolts and nuts, or pipe % to 2 inches. It is powerfully back-
geared. Has six changes of speed, which are obtained by
throwing gears in and out, as with an engine lathe, which
makes it possible to get suitable speed or power, as the nature
of the work may require. It has a hollow spindle, hole
through spindle being 2% inches. The machine is operated
by a 3% in. belt.

The chuck used with this machine is shown by Fig. 2.
The jaws of this chuck are made of the best tool steel, and
are carefully hardened and tempered. They have three
changes to enable taps, pipe, or iron, large or small, to be
p:operly grasped. The great advantage of this in keeping
the jaws sharp and in good order Will be highly appreciated.
The jaws will hold firmly square or round iron, from % to
2% inches in siz'e. Hole clear through, 2% inches.

The cutting-off attachment, which cuts off bars or pipe in
front of chuck, is a very valuable feature for some kinds of
work. It swings back out of the way when not in use.

The dies used with this machine do not need to be adjusted,
but stand always ready for work. With opening-dies, bolts or
pipes are instantly released when threaded, without running
backwards over the screw, thereby saving nearly half the
time, and also much wear on the dies. By simply turning
the hand wheel the dies separate, and the work can be taken
out. The quickness and convenience of such an arrange-
ment is a very desirable feature. It is very simple and
substantial, so that workmen of ordinary skill can use it with
good results and without danger of breaking.

The dies (as many as ten different sizes in assortment), see
Fig. 3, are secured in two equal wheels (die-holders) set side
by side, and controlled by a right and left screw, each die
being divided, the half in one wheel opposite to the half in
the other, in such a manner that a complete working die is
made by bringing the wheels together, and the finished screw
released by separating them, thus saving running back over
the threads.

Each die has independent stop-pins controlling its cut, which
can be either shortened or lengthened, enabling a perfect
adjustment to be maintained, all the different dies standing
ready for use, so that any size may at once be brought into
line by turning the wheels to the proper places, thereby mak-
ing it possible to thread a lot of bolts of different sizes almost
as quickly as if all were of the same size. Each die cuts a
full thread at one operation, and the hollow spindle allows
a screw of any desired length to be cut.
■» * »

Mechanical Dust Collecting Systems

The Hartford Blower Co., of lOOSufneld street, Hartford,
Conn., have received a large order from the well-known firm,
Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn. This system is for col-
lecting the shavings, saw dust, chips, etc., from their wood-
working machinery and conveying same to their boiler house.

Another large order just received by the Hartford Blower
Co. is from the Scovill Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn. This is
for collecting dust from their crushing machinery. Orders of
this kind from such well-known firms speak well of the Hart-
ford mechanical dust collecting systems.

A copy of the Hartford Blower Co.'s new sectional catalogue
No. 57, entitled "Dust Collecting," will be mailed to any one
interested who writes to the company at the above address.

This company makes a specialty of installing mechanical
dust collecting systems of all kinds, as well as heating, ven-
tilating and drying systems, mechanical draft, dry kilns, blow-
ers, exhaust fans, etc.

Fit. 2.

Fig. 3.

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

221

Improved Re-inforced Symington Journal Box Lid

The T. H. Symington Co., of Baltimore, Md., have recently
improved their regular journal box by the addition of two
lugs placed at the bottom corners of the lid, which enable it
to ride up and drop down over the engaging tit on the box,
without necessitating any other movement than a circular one
around the hinge bolt.

On the old design lid it was necessary in closing the lid,
to lift it as well as swing it around, and by the use of the
inclined plane lugs on the new lid this double motion is
obviated.

The new design lid has also been materially strengthened
by the addition of stiffening ribs and the finished appearance
of this latest design is very attractive.

Atlantic City

There is an odd charm in that famous resort on the South
Jersey coast known as Atlantic City. At one time it was
considered purely a health resort where invalids congregated
to renew their vigors in a climate ever temperate and al-
ways healthful. Gradually, however, there came a change,
and instead of the sickly inhabiting the famous city by the
sea, the robust pleasure seeker finds in Atlantic City attrac-
tions social as well as climatic, the like of which is not
found at any outing place on the Atlantic seaboard.

Grand hotels, untold pleasures, a five mile board walk,
bathing facilities which are unexcelled, sports and enter-
tainments of all kinds, boating, fishing and the like take
up one's time and after a visit to America's well named
fashionable Spa there is always a desire to go again. The
New Jersey Central has excellent train service between New
York and eastern points and Atlantic City, and if you are
interested send for time table to C. M. Burt, G. P. A., New
Jersey Central, New York City.

<• » »

Notes and Comments

Mr. J. C. McQuiston, until recently secretary, has been ap-
pointed superintendent of tlje Westinghouse Companies' pub-
lishing department, having charge of matters relating to the
publicity of the products of the various Westinghouse inter-
ests in the United States and Canada.
■+—-+

The Great Western Railway Company of England has lately
placed an order with the Kennicott Water Softener Company
for the equipment of their Aldermaston (Berkshire) Water
Station with one 10,000 imperial gallons per hour Kennicott
water softener. This order was secured through the Kenni-
cott London office, 29 Great St. Helens, London. E. C. This
company has lately opened an office in Paris at 7 Rue Meyer-
beer.

■» » »

It is with sincere regret that we learn of the death of Mr.
J. A. Ilinson, president of the National Car Coupler Company.
Mr. Ilinson was apparently in the best of health when he was
suddenly stricken with appendicitis and died Thursday morn-
ing, the 12th, after a brief illness. He was well known in
railway and supply circles, having been closely associated
with the railway supply business during the past twenty-five
years. Mr. Ilinson invented a number of railway appliances
and was closely connected with the development of the auto-
matic coupler.

The management of the Bickford Drill and Tool Company
has produced a pamphlet of testimonials which is unique in
its arrangement and attractive in its design. This pamphlet
is entitled "Bouquets." and contains a number of testimonials
complimentary to the Bickford drill, presenting fac simile
letters written by users of these machines. In addition to
these there is appended a partial list of concerns who have
recently installed one or more Bickford drills.

The Damascus Bronze Co., Allegheny, Pa., has purchased
the adjoining lot to their property formerly owned by the
Martin Hardsocg Mfg. Co. The ground is 70 feet front by
180 feet deep, and will be covered by a modem steel build-
ing. This addition is necessitated by the- large demand
of their Damascus nickel bronze, which is giving such ex-
cellent results in railroad service, and for rolling mills and
stationary engines. There are now some five million pounds
of this metal in active service without a single complaint.
■» » »

Mr. M. F. Cunningham has severed his connection (after 15
years' service) with the Waltham Emery Wheel Co. to as-
sume the management of the Superior Corundum Wheel Co.,
of Waltham, Mass., and is making emery and corundum
wheels, and stones for all purposes.

■» * »

H. I. McMinn has been appointed agent and storekeeper of
the Safety Car Heating & Lighting Company, in charge of
storehouse and real estate in Jersey City; vice James N.
Andrews, resigned. He will receive and ship all materials
on instructions from the second vice-president and will inspect
and test same to approved standards.

John F. Allen, 370-372 Gerard Ave., New York City, manu-
facturers of all kinds of riveting machines, has put upon the
market a new riveter especially designed for light riveting.

The American Car & Foundry Co. recently obtained a con-
tract for 1,0C0 cars made of pressed steel for use in the
New York Subway and after examining other tools in the
market, placed an order for four of these new machines to
be delivered at Berwick, Pa. All the rivets, % in. and % in.,
are driven cold and this machine will do them all, including
those on seams, seats, corners, etc.

Mr. Allen reports quite a demand for this new riveter on
such work as house range tanks, etc., where small rivets
are required. The machine will drive, however, up to %-in.
hot rivets and as it is only 9 in. over all can be operated in-
side of very small tubes.

We are in receipt of a pamphlet describing the Haverhill
Eclipse dry dust fire extinguisher, which is marketed by
Adrecn & Company, Security Building, St. Louis, Mo. The
chemical dust contained in this extinguisher dissipates the
flames by means of rapidly expanding gases. When the
dust meets the heat it generates 2,000 times its volume of
fire-killing gases, which immediately displaces the oxygen
in the air. Where there is no oxygen, there can be no com-
bustion, and the fire is smothered. The dust will extinguish
fire that water has no effect upon, such as fires caused by
exploding lamps or stoves, gasoline, naphtha and electrical
fires. Two-thirds of the fires are of this nature. The dust
will not injure the finest fabric in any way. It cannot
harm person or any kind of material. The gas arising from
the dust is not injurious except to fires.

The Falls Hollow Staybolt Company announces the receipt
of a large order from the Norwegian State Ry. Co. for both
falls' hollow and solid staybolt bars, through their agent at
Christiania, Norway. This is the third large order received
fro in this railway company in the past year and is gratifying
to the manufacturers in view of the fact that it comes from
a country which has die reputation for producing a good
grade of iron. A portion of the raw material, from which
the Falls' hollow and Solid staybolt iron is made, is imported
from Norway and Sweden. It is then blended with a high
grade of native charcoal iron, which gives the combined
product the necessary tensile strength and other requirements
to make good staybolt iron, which is very much appreciated
by the Norwegian State Ry. CO., the Japan government rail-
ways, the railways of other foreign countries, also the U. S.
government, leading railways of the States, Canada and Mcx-
tea, marine boiler manufacturers and ship builders,

222

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

Railroad Paint SHop

Edited by Devoted to the Interest of

CHARLES E. COPP <£?<£>.£> Master Car and

General Foreman Painter B. <3b M. Ry. Locomotive Painters

Official Oruan of the Master Car and Locomotive Painters' Association.

In Memoriam

Many of our readers will be pained to learn of the sudden
death of Mr. George H. Worrall, foreman painter of the B. &
M.s' Somerville shop, which occured May 23. In company
with the Foreman Carpenter, Mr. Joseph Staples and Mr.
James Beede he went to Winchester, a distance of about 8
miles, on an errand connected with his shop, and, on alight-
ing from the train at that point, fell to the platform in an
attack of heart failure. A Boston-bound express train was
stopped and his stricken form placed thereon and borne to

Mr. George H. Worrall.

the hospital, where every means were resorted to to bring him
to life and consciousness, but without avail.

Following is a portrait and extract from a sketch of Mr.
Worrall which was published in the "Railroad Car Journal,"
September, 1896, then the official organ M. C. & L. P. A.:

"Mr. George H. Worrall, foreman painter, Somerville shop,
B. & M. system, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1850. When
he was very young his parents removed to Kennet Square,
Chester county, where he received a common school education.
After getting through school, with nothing in particular in
view, he drifted to the West, and, traveling through a num-
ber of the Western states, finally settled down in the State
of Iowa and attended a Western college two or three terms,
with the intention of becoming a master of penmanship.
After teaching penmanship a few terms he became, to use
his. own language, "paint struck," and served three years at
carriage and sign painting under Mr. B. F. Seaton, in Marion,
la., and, strange to say, has not seen his old master since
closing the bargain of his apprenticeship, for he went at
once to Cedar Rapids to work for the Burlington, Cedar

Rapids & Minnesota R. R. at that place, where he worked
two years under Mr. Thomas Shiverton, who was then fore-
man. His next move was to return home and go to work
for the Jackson & Sharp Company, Wilmington, Del., under
Mr. Galbreth. He worked in Wilmington in the different con-
tract shops until 1880, when he left there and went to Salem,
Mass., and took charge of the painting of the old Eastern Rail-
road, "the Seashore Line to the White Mountains," afterward
leased by the Boston & Maine. After fourteen years there, he
was transferred to Somerville, Mass.

"He joined the M. C. & L. P. Association in 1884 in Boston,
Mass., when the convention was held at Young's Hotel, and
has been an active and useful member."
♦ ♦ »

The Foreman Painter s Responsibility

Does the foreman painter try to see where he can save
his company a dollar, either in material or labor? If not,
it is a question whether or not he is a profitable investment.
True, he may not, for some reason or other, be given the
prices of the materials he uses— this is the case in some
shops— and he may have no voice in their selection. This
may not be his fault, but it is dead wrong, if this is the
practice anywhere. It would seem to show that they do not
want him to know the prices of materials for fear he will
give them away to "the other fellow" when he comes along;
and so this is one way— a bad way for the company — to
keep painting materials in the control of the office. It is to
be hoped that the office is not ashamed to give the painter
the prices of the articles he uses?

The foreman painter, if he is what he ought to be, should
not only know the prices of materials in his use, but he
should be accorded a large latitude in their selection. Does
anybody know better than he, with his long experience,
what is best and most economical to the company to use?
If he is throttled in this and' like the sail aboard of the
man -0'- war, -"not allowed to think" by the captain, then it
need not be surprising if he has reached a don't-care spirit
a? to what anything costs the company so long as he gets
his bread and butter and is fairly taken care of and his
position is assured. But this is a long way off from the
right condition that things should be in order to produce
the best results for the company that employes him. Pos-
sibly a divided responsibility is better here betAveen him
and his superior; but enough responsibility should be put
upon his shoulders in this respect, if he is worthy of it,— if
he is not someone else should be employed— so that he will
feel it in the prosecution of his work in order to produce
the best results; and he should thus be held accountable for
them. Personally we have no grievances. We write for the
benefit of others.

Then, again, there is the other important question of
labor. In too many cases the foreman painter has no voice
in the hiring of his help. Indeed, he may not know the
wages paid. He doubtless knows what they are worth be-
fore he has had them a great while— he may know that they
are worth little or nothing. Perhaps politics or friendship
also cuts some figure in furnishing him some hindrances,
otherwise termed "help." Some "ward heeler" who has
worked hard (?) to elect a man to the legislature favorable
to the road has ninety "and nine hangers-on who are looking
not particularly for something to do but something for doing
little or nothing. These must often be provided for in day-

June, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

223

work shops, though to the praise of the piece-work system
be it said that this usually steers clear of them, or soon
weeds them out. The foreman painter usually gets the lion's
share of this kind of help in some quarters on account of the
lack of a trade that most of these men have and the thought
that almost anybody can work at painting!

This, and many other things and conditions that might be
named, puts the painter in some places where he has as little
control over the labor question as over that of materials.
Is it any wonder, then, that he has degenerated into a spirit
of don't-care-what-any thing-costs so long as it is done? Or
whether it is durable or not? But under all this handicap
the chances are that his efficiency will be questioned just the
same as if nothing interfered with the exercise of his au-
thority and selection. Pretty much a zero in the strife, he
will likely be blamed for not being a hero in it. Tied down
to this and to that in an inextricable fashion, he will likely
be censured for not showing more agility and try to jump
over the moon.

This is no overdrawn picture; it is true to life in some
quarters. But we are grateful that it is not so everywhere.
The foreman painter is chosen for his ability and character
in many places and is accorded that respect for his opinions
of men and materials which is due him, and therefore is a
factor in the economical prosecution of the company's busi-
ness.' Not unmindful of friendship and the amenities of life,
still he is not bought nor "bull-dozed"; he calls a spade a
spade whether in the hands of friend or foe. Such should
be employed, trusted and respected, because he is "every
inch a man," and not a tool. The best results are obtained
where the foreman painter and his superior officer conscien-
tiously and thoughtfully pull together in all that is for the
betterment of the service. We rather look upon this condi-
tion of things than to contemplate the other.

Another Shop Fire

Learning through the Boston daily papers of a destructive
fire at the West Albany Shops of the New York Central, dur-
ing the last week in April, we wrote to Bro. Butts for an
authentic account for publication, if he would grant us the
privilege, believing that he could do the railroads at large
and the members of our association in particular a favor
by doing so. He has kindly consented and we subjoin his
interesting letter. We think such true accounts of the causes
of fires in our shops should be published in our official organ
for the benefit of others, that they may take warning and
avoid the danger which has entrapped their fellow workers.
It will be seen that this is still another case of varnish re-
mover, but this most useful help in the paint shop should
not be ruled out on this account— it need not be. Means of
safety must be devised and maintained for its use, and that
is simple enough. Now the writer has a tank of varnish
remover in his shop and this timely letter and advice of 'Bro.
Butts will be profited by in looking after it in the future in
a different way than we have in the past. Please note his
suggestions.

West Albany, N. Y., May 6, 1904.

My Dear Friend Copp:— Yours of May 4th at hand. I am
very glad to say that the loss sustained in the burning of
one of our shops is not as o-reat as was reported by the
newspapers. The fire burned about, one-quarter of the build-
ing known as shop No. 5; this was what we commonly called
our "Wash Section," where the cars are taken in and are
stripped, cleaned and are then transferred to the erecting
shop where the carpenter work is done. This section held
at the time of the fire 13 coaches and one dining car. There
was also one dining car just completed which stood imme-
diately outside near the end of the building; all of the 13
coaches and Iho two diners were destroyed.

According to Ihe reports made by the watchman, the fire

originated in one end of this building at about 2 o'clock in
the morning in the room that is used for the purpose of
scraping small work, such as sash, doors, blinds, etc.; in one
corner of this room is a small tank filled with varnish-re-
mover in which is immersed the small work, such as seat-
ends, window-stops, etc., for the purpose of removing the
varnish. This tank had recently been filled with varnish-
remover. The watchman states that he entered this room
(carrying a lighted lantern) which he presumed was closed
up tight when the whistle blew at 6 o'clock, and when within
a few feet of the tank there was a flash which soon filled
the room with flame. It spread rapidly through this section
of the building up to the brick cross-wall where, by the heroic
efforts of the firemen, it was stopped. The estimated loss
is $G5,000, covered by insurance.

Fortunately this part of the shop could be better spared
without seriously inconveniencing our work than almost any
other part of the shops. Our work is going on just the
same. One track in our large paint shop is being used for
washing cars. Workmen are already cleaning away the
debris where the new shop will be erected at once, which
will be a decided improvement over the one burned. The
new shop will have much better light, cement floor, drainage,
and other modern facilities.

Varnish remover is certainly proving to be a dangerous
enemy as well as a help in the paint shop. In the new
shop we desire to have a room for its use which is made as
nearly fire-proof as possible, with abundance of ventilation
in the shape of a hood coining down over the tank, with a
pipe running up through the roof which will carry off the
gases that are constantly escaping from the tank.

No one was injured by the fire. Our shop is full of work
and we are pushing hard to get every car possible done be-
fore the excursion season begins.

I have just come into the office, from a trip over the line
and have not the figures before me of our last month's out-
put. I will ti-y and send them to you later on.

Yours truly, H. M. Butts.

The Shellac Question

The price of pure orange shellac gum ("D. C") is said
to have reached the altitude of 90 cents per lb. of late! This
is about triple its former value. Other grades are proportion-
ately less. This will naturally open the floodgates of adultera-
tion and substitution upon the market. We may yet be
driven to the extreme of using some good substitute, so it
is well enough to be forearmed by trying some to see which
is best. "Siamlac," at $1 per gal. for orange and $1.10 for
white, is making quite a bid for recognition. Ever tried it?
Shellac as an interior sandpaper surfacer for finished wood
is no longer used as formerly for car work. It is merely
used as a stop-coat between the paste filler and two coats
of rubbing varnish to follow, the surface being put upon the
varnish. Why may not, then, some good substitute be used
for this purpose which has all the charactertistics of shellac,
since it is protected by the varnish and is mainly used to
slop the suction of the latter, being only lightly sandpapered
before varnishing? Something that will not evaporate so
quickly that large surfaces cannot be easily covered with it
by an ordinary brush in the hands of a skillful operator be-
fore "setting" ought to be satisfactory, other things con-
sidered. One thing is pretty sure: Tt is no longer necessary
to use "D. C." gum cut in straight, grain alcohol. As the
latter is about $2.40 per gal. and it takes about 5 lbs. of the
gum per gal. of alcohol it will be readily seen that this is
a pretty costly article. That, is to say, the above costs $fi.90.
which amount of gum in a gallon of alcohol will make about.
1V. gallons of shellac, or $4.(10 per gallon. Of course this

224

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

June, 1904.

mixture being too heavy for most work to apply its cost will
be farther reduced by the addition of more alcohol; but
even then it is unnecessarily extravagant.

Probably the pattern maker is the greatest crank on the
kind of shellac he uses on his patterns. For his use ''black
shellac" is prepared by mixing into the usual article lamp-
black dry in the requisite proportion and thinning same to
working consistency with alcohol. He must apply several
coats, sandpapering each nicely and smooth in order that
the pattern may be drawn from the sand properly by the
moulder in order to present a good surface on the casting.
He is strongly prejudiced against any innovations here-
more so, if possible, than the painter. He will sniff his pot
as a dog scents his master's tracks to see if it is O. K — no
wood alcohol, or any other substitute for the pure thing
smuggled into it by the adroit painter or stock-keeper. If
so, it won't work! But perhaps the most unexpected com-
plaint against anything but the pure grain alcohol shellac
comes from the electric car barn, where shellac is used on
the Wire-wound armatures. They say that wood alcohol
shellac will not work here; that it gathers a moisture, etc.,
and so the pure grain alcohol shellac has to be supplied for
this purpose anyhow! Does any reader know anything about
this, pro or con? If so, he will confer a favor by commu-
, nicating with the editor of these columns.

For pattern makers use a grade of gum known in the market
as "B. R." and about half the price of "D. C." could be
.-just as well used, cutting it in straight grain alcohol, if pre-
ferred, rather than a portion of refined wood spirits. This
is native gum and is simply too dark-colored for some work,
but where lampblack is added to any shellac for the pattern
maker's work of course this dark gum cuts no figure.

Grades of gum designated in the market as "Octagon B.,"
"S. D." and "A— S. S. L.," are all right for the painter's use
for an orange shellac. For white shellac he should order
"Bone-dry, pulverized.'' If he will get these and cut his own
shellac in any spirits he likes he will have no trouble in
srettina - aood shellac.

Notes and Comments

We understand that the Hotel Committee has chosen the
"Rudolf" as the headquarters of the Master Oar and Locomo-
tive Painters at their convention to be held in Atlantic City,
Sept. 13-16.

The sou of the editor of these columns has chemi-
cally concocted a front-end black for the heated parts
of locomotives that seems to be meeting with favor and from
which he expects great things. This will "fill a long-felt
want," to use a hackneyed phrase, if it meets expectations,
for many have tried it and failed. Seven years in the shop
with his father and 2% years with the, Sherwin-Williams Co.,
in testing laboratory, he ought to have some practical in-
formation. He is general manager, Atlantic Paint Co., Cleve-
land, 0., where he has been for a year.

We have received a note under date of April 26, from our
esteemed associate, Mr. D. B. Vail, of Buffalo, N. Y., wherein
he says he has resigned his position held for 15 years as
foreman painter at the Erie R. R. shops at that point, and

is in the field for a position as traveling salesman for some
good paint and varnish house. We trust he will be thus
put in communication. His address is 10 Putnam St. He
makes this move in the interest of his health, the close con-
finement of the shops being a continued detriment. Having
known him for some ten years, we give him a hearty in-
dorsement and hope he will become associated in the field
he desires.

Chairman Dane of the Special Committee on Locomotive
Painting, says: "I have just received (May 17), the report
of the committee from its long journey which it was nee-,
essary for it to take to obtain the signatures of its mem-
bers, and I have forwarded the same by registered mail to
Mr. J. W. Taylor, secretary A. R. M. M. Association, Chicago,
111. The committee has worked hard to compile this report
and I hope the results will be satisfactory to both asso-
ciations."

Following is Secretary Taylor's acknowledgment of its
receipt, which is quite complimentary to the committee:

658 Rookery Building, Chicago, 111., May 18, 1904.
A. P. Dane, Esq., Foreman Painter, Boston & Maine R. R.,

Boston, Mass.

Dear Sir:— I have yours of May 16th enclosing report of
the special committee of the Master Car and Locomotive
Painters' Association on "What is the Best Practice for Paint-
ing Locomotives," etc., and much obliged to you for the
splendid shape in which it is presented. I will submit the
matter to the Master Mechanics' Association as a special re-
port from your association. Yours truly,

Jos. W. Taylor,
Secretary A. Ry. M. M. Assn.

Extraordinary Test of Graphite Paint

The true value of "Superior Graphite" paint was exposed by
tec recent disastrous fire which occurred in the business dis-
trict of the city of Baltimore. Among the buildings injured
or destroyed was the Union Trust building and an examina-
tion of the paint covering its steel structural work, after
having been subjected to great heat, demands the attention
of those interested in preservation by paint. The building
was erected in 1897-98 and the steel work was painted once
in the shop and twice after erection with what is known in
the trade as "No. 30 Superior Graphite" paint. Much of the
steel ha_s been stripped of its terra cotta and other coverings
and about one-third of it has been exposed. Although these
surfaces which are now open to examination were subjected
to great heat, the paint remains glossy and elastic. A few
rivet heads show rust, but they are always likely to do so
on account of the scale which adheres to them after being
driven, and their condition is unimportant. Practically speak-
ing, the paint remains as serviceable today as when applied
six or seven years ago.

A blotter, in which an illustration of the remains of the
Union Trust Building is displayed, together with a short
acocunt of the facts connected with this building, is being
distributed by the Detroit Graphite Mfg. Co., the establishment
making the paint which withstood the test whose results
were exposed in such an extraordinary manner.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

225

Established 1878.

RAILWAY
MASTER MECHANIC

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Vol. XXVIII.

CHICAGO, JULY, 1904.

No. 7

THE late appearance of this July issue is unavoidable,
owing to the later date at which the Saratoga con-
ventions were held, but it seemed preferable to" delay the
date of publication rather than to wait until the August
issue to give a report of the proceedings and discussions.
It is with no little pride that the management of the
Railway Master Mechanic sends out to its readers
this July issue, which is the largest single number ever
issued by any railway publication on account of these
annual conventions.

The June Conventions

HISTORY is said to repeat itself, but it does so in
resemblance rather than in fact, just as one spring-
time is like unto its predecessor, but differs in the growth
and development of the year that has intervened. So
we may say that the Saratoga gathering of 1904 was like
the one of the year before in that there was the same con-
gregation of supply and railroad men, the same exhibi-
tion of appliances, the same series of papers and re-
ports and discussions and the same sound of s'ocial
gaieties that have become such a marked feature of
these annual meetings. But to those who are most
intimately in touch with what is done and doing a
development is apparent from year to year that speaks
a substantial progress all along the line. It goes
without saying that the present status of the associa-
tions and their conventions has not been reached at
a bound, but through long years of patient effort; and
to those who have been associated with the work, the
relation to the past resembles that of a sturdily grow-
ing tree in its maturity to the sapling struggling for
existence.

The standing of the two associations is now estab-
lished beyond all peradventure and it is curious to
note how their relations to the outer world of rail-
road policies has developed with the growth in im-

portance of their members. In the earlier days when
the work of the master car builder and master me-
chanic was largely that of mere shop superintendence,
frequently being an imperceptible degree removed
from that of a general foreman, the associations had
but little power to obtain an acquiescence in and use
of the several standards that they chose to adopt.
The introduction of representative members and the
right to enforce observance of the rules of interchange
was the entering wedge, and from that time the in-
crease in influence has been steady and uninterrupted.

It has often been observed, of late, that the duty of
the present superintendent of motive power is ad-
ministrative and executive rather than mechanical,
and so partaking somewhat of this nature the work
of the two associations has become administrative and
legislative to a great degree. We find this to be
especially emphasized by the relations that now exist
between them and the Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion.

In his opening remarks before the Master Car
Builders' Association, Mr. Moseley brought out the
importance of the work that had been done and took
the "opportunity of repeating that the standards of
your association are fully recognized by the Interstate
Commerce Commission."

The importance of this matter of the standards can
best be realized by a consideration of the conditions
that would exist if they were to be done away with.
It is interesting, too, to note how the appreciated value
of this portion of the association's work has grown,
as evidenced by the greater ease with which new
standards are adopted as compared with a few years
ago.

It is to be hoped that the encouragmenet received
and the cordial relationship that now exists with the
Interstate Commerce Commission will be maintained
and strengthened, and probably no better means can
be taken for the accomplishment of such an end than
in an address by the secretary which has been so valu-
able a feature at the last two conventions.

Finally to add one more word regarding the stand-
ards attention may be called to President Brazier's
admirable address, in which he reviewed the work
before the associations and some of the problems
that were presenting themselves and then especially
urged the desirability of still further extending the
list of standards.

In regard to the work of the committees much could
be said in its praise and still more of its value. The
old catechising form of circular with the tiresome and
uninstructive categorical replies has almost disap-
peared, and where it is used its functions are limited
to statistical work for which it is admirably well
adapted. The real work of the committees has now.
become one of scientific investigation. Not necessarily
scientific in the sense of elaborate experimentation,
hut scientific in its methods. It is no longer attempted
to finish a subject in a day or a month, but the work-
is continued from year to year until something definite

226

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

has been accomplished and at least one new base line
established.

A notable example of the effect of this method is
to be found in the handling of the rules of interchange.
The day assigned for the report and discussion of the
changes was considered one to be dreaded. Time was
consumed and the proceedings lumbered with a col-
lection of words from which it seemed' impossible to
disentangle the sense. Members discussed knotty
problems of wear and tear, of responsibility for dam-
age, of price and inspection to which they had really
given but little thought. Illy conceived and un-
digested opinions were expressed on the spur of the
moment and rules were formulated that were capable
of a variety of interpretations. Today this is changed.
The report presented by the arbitration committee last
month was very full and complete. A great number
of suggestions were made and after their tabulation
followed the brief remark : "The committee does not
concur, in these suggestions," or "The committee ap-
proves of this suggestion." Apparently this sufficed
for the convention. The arbitration committee,
through its long years of hard labor, has earned for
itself a reputation for "consistency and justice," and
now it is reaping its reward in the confidence placed
upon it by the members. They know that there are
good reasons to, support any decision that may be
rendered, and so the discussion on the rules has
dwindled from hours to minutes and the real work
is done by a few thoughtful men who are familiar
with all the ins and outs and influences that surround
the formulation and administration of these important
rules.

It is natural that as the world progresses and new
industries are being created new topics should be
brought to the fore in the convention discussions.
There have been whispers of it before, but this year
electricity has come out as a new influence to be
counted with. The address of Mr. Vreeland, in which
he foretold the coming of electric traction and the
problems which it would bring to the motive power
officers, was a very significant -indication of the trend
of current events. To this was added a report on the
proper location of the third rail, so that it seems safe
to predict that, in the future, electricity and its applica-
tions will constitute a part of the work of both asso-
ciations.

It does not take so very old a man to remember
when wooden trucks were common in freight service,
though they have now disappeared, and the use of
steel has spread over the underframing and even
climbed up into the, sides and roof of box cars. A
year ago attention began to be directed to the use of
the steel truck for passenger cars and since that time
several examples of steel passenger car construction
have been brought out, and at last the attention of
the association has been formally directed to this
method, and urged to look into the matter.

In the Master Mechanics' Association the work has
been equally broad and valuable. Probably the most
radical proposition of the year came in the first report

that was presented, where it was suggested that the
work of the switching locomotive be placed upon the
basis of ton hours instead of a pure mileage one as
heretofore. Last year the committee made a report in
which it was shown conclusively that the present rat-
ing of switching engines was altogether too high and
that three miles an hour was nearer the mark than
six. Then came the problem as to the exact amount
of work that such an engine ordinarily performed.
The impossibility of making an exact determination
for all engines led to the ton-hour proposition, which
consists in multiplying the weight on the driving
wheels by the hours in service. It is a notable
instance of the effect of education that while the
report last year, in which the six-miles-an-hour basis
was shown to be untenable, was warmly attacked,
there was hardly a word of opposition raised to this
new suggestion and the recommendation was adopted
at once.

Another new feature at the second meeting was the
introduction of a change in the- construction whereby
representative members will be admitted to the asso-
ciation after the manner of those of the Master Car
Builders'. The influence of these representatives has
been so healthy and has contributed so much to the
growth of the other association that it would seem
strange that they had not been provided for before,
were it not borne in mind that there is no interchange
of locomotives and that, therefore, there was no de-
mand for them as an assistant to an enforcement of
rules of interchange or the adoption of standards.
Now, however, the work of the association has broad-
ened to such an extent that co-operation is needed in
the prosecution of investigations that lie beyond the
power of any one road to carry out, and the repre-
sentative member has become a necessity.

It would be interesting to review in detail the work
that was done, but the limits of space make this an
impossibility, and attention can only be called to the
reports that are given in greater detail elsewhere. In
conclusion a word must t be said in regard to the
masterly manner in which the whole business of the
two conventions was carried on. Certainly no meet-
ings have ever been conducted with greater vim, and
the affairs" carried through with more life than at these
two. Both presidents seemed imbued with a vigor
that is seldom seen and the discussions were kept mov-
ing at a pace whose speed has rarely been equaled.
At the same time there was no curtailment of the
freedom of discussion and nothing was left in an un-
finished condition.

As for the supply men their chairman and com-
mittee managed the entertainments and exhibition in
such a businesslike manner that there was a spirit of
preparedness and finish extending throughout the
whole that made the flow of events as smooth as the
oily tongues of some of their representatives. In fact,
taken all in all, anyone who was in Saratoga between
the dates of June 21 and June 29, 1904, is to be con-
gratulated on being a part of so notable and important
a gathering.

July 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

227

3BTH. ANNUAL- CONVENTION OF .K

MASTER CAR BUILDERS ASSOCIAT;hQjj|L

37TH. ANNUAL CONVENTION OF TNE ,«««-!- <

AMERICAN RAILWAY MASTER *W&mj&fflW& '

The Camera and the Conventions

THE thirty-eighth annual convention of the Master
Car Builders' Association was held at Saratoga,
N. Y., June 22, 23 and 24, 1904. The thirty-seventh an-
nual convention of the American Railway Master Me-
chanics' Association was held at Saratoga, N. Y., June
27, 28 and 29, 1904. There was a good attendance of the
members of both associations. There were also a number
of supply men present as their guests. In another part
of this issue will be found an account of the practical
work done in the convention hall, which work from all
reports seems to have been well done. But that is all
told in another chapter.

While perhaps a story of the Saratoga conventions of

1904 as seen outside the convention hall is not as im-
portant as the record of what went on inside it would
seem to have its place. We might go to our annual con-
ventions and work all the time and emulate "Uncle" Rus-
sell Sage in his no-vacation theory. Then, again, we
might not. The presence of the ladies, as usual, added
greatly to the pleasure of the social side of the conven-
tions.

The members of the associations may well point with
pride to their record of nearly forty years, as each suc-
ceeding annual convention has shown an added improve-
ment to the rolling stock of the railways of North Amer-
ica. The fact that with the work at each convention there
has been combined a little recreation, has detracted not
at all from the important matters there discussed and de-

'O Listen to the Band."'

Mr. F. W. Brazier and Mr. H. H. Vreeland Heading
tin-. Line of March.

228

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July 1904.

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Marching to the Contention Hall the

cided, but has rather given added zest toward their better
performance.

Very naturally the presidents of the two associations
which have just concluded their annual convention at
Saratoga, were the centers of interest during the conven-
tion. We hesitate to say' too much in regard to the
admirable way in which both conventions were conduct-
ed for fear that our compliments may seem like flattery.
The fact that Mr. Brazier was elected president of the
Master Car Builders' Association and Mr. Lewis presi-
dent of the Master Mechanics' Association is sufficient
evidence to our mind of their fitness for those offices.
Perhaps it may be of more interest to recall to our read-
ers a few incidents of a number of years ago which

would tend to show why these gentlemen have attained
positions of honor in these two associations. Not so very
long ago, for Mr. Brazier is still a young man, we find the
following item in the files of the Railway Master Me-
chanic : "It may be some years before F. W. Brazier,
foreman of the new car shops of the Fitchburg road, can
be an alderman, as he is yet tall and slender, and has not
that protuberant front outline which is associated in the
minds of the people with that official position. But the
citizens of Fitchburg have made him president of their
municipal corporation, and he is therefore equal, officially,
to several aldermen. He is more proud, however, of the
new shops, and especially of the great bed of old-
fashioned flowers which flourishes in the rear of one of

Morning of the Opening of the

July 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

229

Thirty-Eighth Annual Convention of the

the main buildings. The sight of their brilliant colors
will put heart into tired men, and make them feel that life
is, after all, worth living."

Perhaps another item which appeared in the Railway
Master Mechanic in April, 1893, would give some indi-
cation as to why Mr. W. H. Lewis, president of the Mas-
ter Mechanics' Association for the past year, has reached
the prominent position which he now occupies in the mo-
tive power department. Mr. Lewis is evidently one of the
men who has always believed in the importance of little
things, as is shown in the following which we quote from
the files of the Railway Master Mechanic of over ten
years ago : "Mr. W. H. Lewis, master mechanic of the

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, has managed to make an
engine run 1,720 miles on a little over one quart of valve
oil, and the valves and cylinders were then found to be
in good condition."

For convenience and brevity the annual conventions of
the Master Car Builders' Association and the American
Railways Master Mechanics' Association are referred to
as the "Saratoga conventions," so often have we met in
the same place. This year, as in other years, there have
been suggestions definite and indefinite as to other meet-
ing places. Without doubt, a change is desirable and the
suggestion that Atlantic City be the next meeting place
was favorably though informally discussed. Certainly

Master Car Builders' Association.

[r. W. II. Lewis,

k. F. W. Brazier and Mr. J. W.
Taylor.

230

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July 1904.

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Mr. J. J. Conally, Mr. J. J. Hennessey.

Mr. Bettendorf Shows His New Truck.

there should be some suitable meeting place somewhere
in the United States where a hall with good acoustic
properties could be provided for the use of the two asso-
ciations. An enterprising committee, consisting of
Messrs. Bradish, Westcott and Dunlop, was present at
the convention to make a plea for Atlantic City for the
coming year. If the enterprise of these gentlemen. in any
way indicates the enterprise and push of Atlantic City the
conventions would certainly be well taken care of at that
place.

The "snap shots" in this issue we leave to tell their
own story. As ' is usual, a number of pictures did
not "pan out" as expected, and among the missing

are the electric signs of the Sherwin Williams Co., Paul
Dickinson, the smoke jack man ; the exhibit of Philip
Carey Mfg. Co., and many others, among which was a
picture of the locomobile of the Gould Coupler Company
of New York City. This company is already famous for
a number of things in the railway supply line, and it has
now added to its already good record by shortening the
automobile running time from Trop to Saratoga to one
hour and fifteen minutes. A touring locomobile carrying
the members of the Guold company who attended the
conventions made this trip of about 32 miles in the time
mentioned.

The supply men's meeting, which has come to play a

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Mr. Peter H. Peck.

Mr. J. T. Chamberlain and His Historic Umbrella.

July 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

231

Mr. Thos. Fildes.

very important part in our annual conventions, was held
on Tuesday night previous to the opening of the con-
vention. Mr. George A. Post, who was the chairman,
certainly has missed his calling. He should preside over
the senate or be a speaker in the house of representatives.
While we notice that the Daily Age gives him the title
of "Czar Post," no one could accuse Mr. Post of using
any of the powers generally attributed to the man who is
supposed to guide and control the destinies of Russia.
. .Not only Mr. Post as "boss of the pleasure mill," but
Messrs. Toothe, Ross, Walbank and Dinsmore, who were
chairmen of various committees, should be congratulated
on the amount of work well done in providing entertain-
ment for the members of the two associations and their
guests.

Mr. C. H. Cory and Mr. S. W. Midgley.

General Charles Miller, president of the Galena Signal
Oil Company and president or director of more railway
supply concerns than any other one man in the United
States, was in attendance at the conventions this year.
The snap shots of the general, published in this issue,
are not especially clear, but anyone who knows General
Miller knows that he is far too busy a man to ever be
found quiet. A number of railway supply men repre-
senting General Miller's various interests would make a
small army. And it may be taken for granted that this
army is well trained, as the "General" is as well posted
in military affairs as he is in business.

Mr. William E. Magraw, known among the railway
and railway supply fraternity as the "Red List" man,
seems to be very unfortunate when attending the conven-

Mr. L. C. Noble, Mr. D. C. Noble.

Mr. Theo. H. Curtis, Mr. P. M. Elliott.

232

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July 1904.

General Charles Miller in Characteristic Attitudes.

tions. Last year his signs for the "Red" and "Blue"
became torn in some mysterious manner. He had forgot-
ten all about this until reminded of it by the somewhat
similar accident which recently occurred in St. Louis,
where the balloon of Santos-Dumont received bad treat-
ment at the hands of someone unknown. This year Mr.
Magraw brought to the conventions a small sized, trunk
filled with his souvenir albums, containing the pictures of
the "men who . feed the railroads and the plants from
which they are fed." The aforesaid trunk was watched
with jealous care, not only by Mr. Magraw, but also by

The [Symington] "Lid is On." — This Illustration
Shows Either a "Tight" or a "Tough Joint."
However the Tension on the Money Would In-
dicate that Things Are Not Running "Wide
Open."

his partner, Mr. Bagnell, and by their representative, Mr.
Puterbaugh. It is stated that these three named gentle-
men divided the day into three watches of eight hours each
and took turns guarding their treasured trunk. During
one of the watches while Mr. Magraw was on guard he
was enticed away from his post by what he thought was
a chance to add "another name to the index," and upon
his return the trunk was missing. It is not necessary to
dwell upon the harrowed feelings of Messrs. Magraw and
Bagnell, but it is enough to say that the trunk and the
books therein were found with the assistance of the hotel
detective, who discovered them in the large and more
spacious trunk of the Simmons' Hardware Company,
which occupied the space next to them.
The Armstrong Bros. Tool Co., whose exhibit is usu-

Mr. J. T. Wilson Shows His Exhibit.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

233

Mr. A. M. Waitt, Mr. E. F. Slocum.

Miss Janes, Miss Purves and Mr. Noble.

ally seen at Saratoga, was missing this year. Mr. Paul
Armstrong, who has attended the conventions regularly
in former years, found himself so rushed with their in-
creasing business that it was impossible to be there this
year, but next year he promises a larger and in every
way more interesting exhibit than ever before. The
Armstrong company's exhibiting this year is being done
at the St. Louis exposition, where they are displaying a
very fine and complete line of tool holders.

The face of Mr. John J. Cummings, president of the
McGuire-Cummings Manufacturing Company, will be
remembered as having been a familiar one at the con-
vention several years back. Mr. Cummings, however,
has not been in attendance for four years. During a

part of that time he has been largely engaged in the
supply business, but not railway supplies — he has been
supplying the several and various municipalities of
the. country with iron and steel work for the interior
of buildings in which their more strenuous and unwel-
come guests are housed. The word welcome suggests
an experience had by Mr. Cummings while in this
business, in a county seat far from Chicago. Mr. Cum-
mings was the successful bidder on a new jail for the
county in question. The subject of adornment for the
new structure which was to be the pride of the county
came up and Mr. Cummings in a spirit of humor sug-
gested that he send along a steel wire mat in which

Gold Car Heating and Lighting Company.

Mr. G. L. Weiss and Mr. VV. S. Didle.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

The "Dromedaries," Isbester and Elliott.

marbles so arranged to spell the Word "Welcome"
should appear. The idea was seized upon by the
county commissioners, to Mr. Cummings surprise, as
an excellent one, so a large fine mat bearing this sug-
gestive and unusual inscription was duly installed at
the portals of the county's new bastile, and to this
day evildoers of that town upon whom the law lays
its hands and imposes punishment are met on entering
this house of enforced abode with the cheerful greet-
ing "Welcome," and the joke — is it on Mr. Cummings
or the other fellow?

The photograph of Mr. George A. Post engaged in
his official duties, as shown qii page 247, would lead
one to naturally suppose that Mr. Post was the pos-

Mr. Symington's Specialty Entertaining the
Ladies.

sessor of a long white beard on one side of his face.
This, however, is not the case, as the sun shining
through the window back of him is responsible for this
effect.

We print the following advertisement which was re-
ceived too late for insertion in its proper place in the
advertising columns: "Found on the floor of the Con-
vention Hall a solid gold badge bearing this inscription,
'The Champion Buck and Wing Dancer of the United
States.' The Under -will return same promptly to owner
on payment- of suitable reward.'"

McCord and Company, who are well known in the
railway fraternity because of their journal boxes and a
number of other good things, are destined to become

Franklin Mfg. Co.'s Exhibit and Mr. R. J. Evans
and Family.

Mr. D. W. Call and Mr. Charles Riddell.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

235

Mr. H. W. Frost and Mr. G
better known in the future
because of the handsome
silk flags which they dis-
tributed at the convention
this year. To say that these
souvenirs were popular is
putting it mildly. They
seemed to have become a
necessity not only to the
members of the associations
and their guests but to the
entire town of Saratoga.
Messrs. Dunn and Lamon
have the reputation for be-
ing fairly good natured in-
dividuals, but their patience
was sorely tried in the dis-
tribution of their flags. One
flag was not enough and in
fome cases a half dozen
flags did not seem to satisfy
some people.

W. Austin.

Mr. L. R.

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Messrs. D. Hunt, Jr., A. W. Foote and C. E. Randall.

POMEROY.

In this connection it
should be remembered that
many of the supply com-
panies have discontinued the
giving of souvenirs for this
very reason.

Many of the souvenirs
were given out among which
we note that of the Galena
Signal Oil Company, which
as always was something
handsome and this year the
handsome egg cup was an
exceedingly pretty gift.
Everybody got one and no
one received more. The
Philadelphia Pneumatic
Tool Company's fob, with
their trade mark monogram
attached, was seen hanging
from many watch pockets.

Reynolds.

236

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

Mr. Thomas Madill, of the Sherwin-Williams Co.,
Taking, Orders for Paint.

Mr. M. H. Haig, Mr. W. B. Leach and Mr. F. A. Mor-
rison.

The Franklin Manufacturing Company's pass book was
put to immediate use by the railway officials. Nails for
knockers and for other people as well were distributed
by the American Brake Shoe Company.

Among the "snap shots" that we wish could have been
would have appeared that of Mr. E. F. Slocum, of the
Safety Car Heating Company, and also of the entertain-
ment committee, as he appeared "after the ball." Mr.
Slocum's exertions in behalf of those attending the
ball had made him look as though he had been through
the wash and had not yet been hung up to dry.

' Sherwin-Williams Company, we understand, left their
chameleons at home this year because the chamelon in
real life changes color and for that reason is not the
proper trade mark for paints which never fade or wear
out.

We would offer as a suggestion to the Philadelphia
Pneumatic Tool Company, the Rand Drill Company and
others that they invent a noiseless tool for exhibition at
the conventions.- But perhaps good tools have to make
a noise, and if so we will have to put up with the racket.

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Mr. Ray Lovell of the Columbus Rolling Steel
Shutter Co.

The Committee From Atlantic City: Mr. R.
Dunlop, Mr. J. L. Wescott, Mr. A. J. Bradish
and Mr. L. M. Taylor.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

237

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Mr. C. W. Ambrust and Mr. F. W. Edmunds.

Mr. A. L. Guilford of the Ajax Mfg. Co.

Among the large and varied exhibits we note the
following as being the more interested and well dis-
played. Photographs of many of these exhibits appear
in the accompanying pages.

The American Balance Valve Company, of Jersey
Shore, Pa., was represented by J. T. Wilson, whose
name has become well known in railway circles as being
associated with the high-pressure slide valve. Models
of the J. T. Wilson high-pressure slide valve, internal
and external admission, were shown, and also an Ameri-
can semi-plug piston valve which had been in service
for two years and nine months. Mr. Wilson's souvenirs
were, as usual, of the best.

The American Brake Shoe and Foundry Company,
of New York and Chicago, had its usual well placed

President Lewis Wondkks-

Mr. J. C. Barber and Mr. C. T. Schoen.

2 3 8

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

Mr. C. A. Anderson, Mr. Geo. T. Anderson and Mr.
S. D. Anderson.

Mr. John C. Duner.

and interesting exhibit, showing their large and varied
line of railway brake shoes and miscellaneous iron and
steel castings. They were represented by F. W. Sar-
gent, Otis H. Cutler, J. D. Gallagher, J. S. Thompson,
R. S. Mercer, Louis Seibold, E. L. Adreon, Jr., F. H.
Coolidge, H. S. Bradfield and Frank Barbey.

The American Steel Foundries of New York, Chicago
and St. Louis showed the R. E. Janney all cast steel
coupler, models of American, Ajax and Player trucks
and body bolsters. Their representatives were S. A.
Watson, J. V. Bell, R. H. Weatherly, H. M. Pflager,
W. O. Jacquette and W. A. Blanchard.

The Aurora Metal Company, of Aurora, 111., were
represented by A. Christenson and G. Thurnauer. Dr.
Thurnauer showed their exhibit of the Lewis and Kun-

zer metallic piston packing, which is fast becoming
recognized as one of the necessaries in good railroading.

The exhibit of the Ashton Valve Company was dis-
played in one of the rooms of the Grand Union Hotel,
where were shown their locomotive muffler and pop
safety valve, blow-off valves, steam and air pressure
gauges, gauge testers and chime whistles. They were
represented by Fred A. Casey, Albert C. Ashton and
J. W. Motherwell.

W. C. Baker exhibit showed a two-coil perfected
heater, a two-coil fireproof heater, the "Mighty Midget"
car heater, a single-coil fireproof heater connected with
500 feet of pipe, and two steam attachments. Mrs.
Walker and James A. Demarest represented the com-
pany.

Mr. W. J. Smith and Mr. E. E. Davis.

Mr. W. R. Toppan and Mr. Cass L. Kennicott.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

239

Mr. R. T. Brydon and Mr. Walter La Parle.

The exhibit of the Bettendorf Axle Company, of
Davenport, la., and Chicago, was one of the most in-
teresting exhibits on the grounds because of the new
Bettendorf truck which was shown. That the oppor-
tunity given for the inspection of not only the truck, but
the other Bettendorf products, was appreciated by the
members of the M. C. B. and M. M. associations, was
evidenced by the numbers of motive power officials
who carefully inspected the exhibit. One of our ac-
companying "snap shots" illustrates this and proves
beyond question the increasing value to the railroad and
the railroad supply men of the exhibits at these
annual conventions. In addition to the trucks, the
Bettendorf steel tank car, steel underframes and the
Bettendorf I beam bolsters were shown. W. P. Bet-

Mr. Nat C. Dean and Mr. William St. John.

tendorf, G. N. Caleb, J. H. Bendixen and J. W. Ball
represented the company.

One of the new exhibitors this year was S. F.
Bowser & Co., of Fort Wayne, Ind., showing their
self-measuring oil tanks and pumps, which are used
for storing and handling all kinds of lubricating oils,
and are especially adapted for use in machine shops
or power plants — in fact, wherever lubricating oils
are used. They were represented by C. A. Dinkel-
berg and P. F. Cashman.

The Camel Company, of Chicago, was well repre-
sented by P. M. Elliott and his exhibit showing car
doors and hose clamps. A picture on one of the ac-
companying pages tells the whole story.

L. C. Chase & Co., of Boston, represented by Wil-

Mk. R. 1). Gallagher, Jr., and Mr. H. H. Sessions.

Messes. G. F. Slaughter, W. D. Lowry, J. R. Nieder-

lander, John E. Ward, G. E. Scott

and W. W. Butler.

240

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

Mr. Chas. L. Sullivan and His Exhibit.

Mr. Geo. L. Rich.

Ham Walden, showed their usual full line of Chase
leather, Chase curtain fixtures and Chase car curtains.

Chicago Railway Equipment Company, Chicago,
showed the "Diamond" special beam for high-speed
brakes, "Diamond" adjustable brake beam and
"Creco" automatic frictionless side bearing. They
were represented by H. C. Buhoup, A. J. Farley,
C. F. Huntoon, B. F. Pilson, E. G. Ely, E. G. Bu-
chanan and A. J. Schevers.

The Cleveland Car Specialty Company, of Cleve-
land, O., showed their pressed steel car lines, Cleve-
land City Forge & Iron Company's turnbuckles, draw-
bar yokes and general car forgings. They were repre-
sented by Geo. B. Maltby, Geo. L. Weiss and W. S.
Bidle. Their exhibit showed in an interesting and
practical way the use and advantage of the pressed

steel car lines, and a photograph of the exhibit is
reproduced on one of the accompanying pages.
, The Columbus Steel Rolling Shutter Company, of
Columbus, O., was represented by Ray Lovell, who
exhibited samples of their steel rolling shutters and
the advantages of their use in roundhouses.

The Davis Expansion Boring Tool Company, of St.
Louis, showed their boring tools for car wheels and
their exhibit well illustrated their economy. C. Willis,
J. Smith and E. E. Davis represented the company.

The Detroit Lubricator Company, of Detroit, Mich.,
exhibited their original bullseye type of locomotive
lubricators in. all sizes, strictly up to date. They were
represented by F. W. Hodges, A. B. Wetmore, A. D.
Homard and W. T. Simpson.

Paul Dickinson, of Chicago, better known as "Dick-

Messrs. Rosser, Symington and Washburn.

Mr. W. F. Hall.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

241

Mr. W. J. Cooke.

Mr. J. J. Cum mings.

inson, the smoke-jack man," had an exhibit which
worked night and day, the big electric sign showing
by night and the Dickinson movable and Dickinson
Giant smokejacks for roundhouses which attracted at-
tention by day. Paul Dickinson and Arthur J. Filkins
represented the exhibit.

The Jos. Dixon Crucible Company, of Jersey City,
N. J., well known throughout the entire world by
their liberal and judicious advertising, were repre-
sented by H. A. Nealley and G. P. Hutchins, who
showed the Dixon Graphite paints and lubricants.

The Duff Manufacturing Company, of Pittsburg,
showed their Barrett improved car jacks in the exhibit
of their agents, the Fairbanks, Morse Company.
T. A. McGinley, vice-president of the Duff Company,

attended the conventions and represented his exhibit.

The Farlow Draft Gear Company, of Baltimore,
Md., had a large exhibit showing four styles of their
draft gear, single, twin, tandem and friction, applied
to steel and wooden cars. They were represented by
D. F. Mallory, I. O. Wright, M. A. Garrett and John
Farlow.

The Franklin Manufacturing Company, Franklin,
Pa., showed their asbestos dust guards, magnesia
boiler covering, asbestos train pipe covering, journal
box packing and all kinds of asbestos goods. They
were represented by R. J. Evans, Wallace W. John-
son, Fred Alford, H. S. Hayward, Jr., C. B. Holdredge,
W. A. Trubee and Geo. E. dishing.

The Franklin Railway Supply Company, Franklin,

Detroit Lubricator Co.

The Standard Paint Co.

242

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

Mr. W. B. Templeton.

Franklin Railway Supply Co., Represented by Mr.
S. G. Allen.

Pa., showed the Sheedy's cylinder circulator, Mc-
Laughlin flexible metal conduits for steam and air,<
McLaughlin lock nuts, Worthington coupler, Player
brake shoe, FJvin driving box lubricator. Represented
by S. G. Allen and A. G. Elvin.

The Handy Car Equipment Company, Chicago, 111.,
showed the Handy swinging pilot coupler, Snow car
and locomotive replacer and Handy journal box jack
block, and were represented by Chas. L. Sullivan, R. L.
MacDufne and Henry Oersterich.

The Gould Car Coupler Company, New York,
showed their improved M. C. B. journal boxes, im-
proved malleable draft rigging for freight equipment
with spring buffer blocks, improved M. C. B. coupler
for 100,000-pound car, and improved locomotive tender

coupler for heavy equipment, steel passenger platform
with friction buffer and draft gear, friction draft gear
for freight passenger cars and locomotives, improved
roller side bearings for freight cars and steel couplers.
E. P. Huntley, G. Milne, W. F. Richards, C. M. Gould
and T. L. McKeen represented the company.

The Homestead Valve Manufacturing Company, of
Pittsburg, had their usual exhibit showing the Home-
stead locomotive blow-off, and those who looked care-
fully into the large sized model voted it the most in-
teresting exhibit on the grounds. F. Schuchman and
Tom R. Davis represented the company.

Jenkins Bros., of New York, Chicago, Philadelphia,
Boston and London, exhibited a full line of valves for
high and low pressure and Jenkins' "96" packing.

Mrs. A. Fenton Walker and Mr. Jas. G. Demarest,
Representing the Baker Car Heater.

Mr. D. F. Mallory of the Farlow Draft Gear.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

243

Mr. F. Schuchman and the Homestead Valve.

They were represented by Charles J. Jackson, J. H.
Williams, Arthur C. Langston and Chas. W. Mar-
tin, Jr.

The Manufacturers' Railway Supply Company, of
Chicago, had a large and well displayed exhibit show-
ing the interlocking car and driver, brake shoes and
interlocking driver brake head. In the exhibit was
also a large number of shoes illustrating how com-
pletely they wear out. They were represented by
C. W. Armbrust and H. G. Fuchs.

The Mason Regulator Company, of Boston, Mass.,
showed a complete line of their steam specialties and
locomotive reducing valve ; also exhibiting the Mason
automobile engine, model "C." They were repre-
sented by Wm. B. Mason and F. A. Morrison.

The McConway & Torley Company, of Pittsburg,

Rand Drill Co., Represented by Messrs. Traver and
Hurley.

Pa., exhibited their steel and malleable iron couplers
for freight and tender, of the Kelso and Pitt patterns,
and 3-stem couplers for freight cars. They were rep-
sented by E. M. Groves, I. H. Milliken and H. C.
Buhoup.

McCord & Co., of Chicago and New York, showed
their usual exhibit of their malleable iron journal
boxes, McCord spring dampener, McKim gasket, Mc-
Canna force feed lubricator and Gibraltar bumping
post. They were represented by James A. Davis, Jud-
son A. Lamon, Morrill Dunn, William May and W. G.
Dunham. In addition to this exhibit the flag given
out by them as a souvenir attracted universal atten-
tion and made the annual march of the Master Car
Builders to the convention hall more than usually in-
teresting-.

A Bunch ok Advertising Men: Messrs. Puter-
baugh, Tyler, Sherman, Simmons, Ma-

GRAW AND WlTHROW.

Mr. Judson A. Lamon ok McCord & Co
Popular Man at Saratoga.

Tin-. Most

244

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

Mr. and Miss Coffin.

An Informal Discussion.

The McGuire-Cummings Manufacturing Company,
of Chicago, showed a new release grain door and
safety door brackets. W. J. Cooke and John J. Cum-
mings represented the company.

Merritt & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., exhibited sheet
steel and expanded metal lockers, showing a variety
of different constructions adapted to all classes of
work. They were represented by S. P. Carter.

The Nathan Manufacturing Company, of New York,
showed injectors, lubricators and Klinger reflex water
glass. They were represented by J. C. Currie, Edward
S. Tooth, James E. Minor, Sanford Keeler, John M.
Stayman and Charles Shults.

The Modern Tool Company, of Erie, Pa., showed
the Wallace chaser, grinder, self-opening dies, hollow
mills, tapping attachments and "Magic" chucks. They
were represented by E. L. Warner.

The National Car Coupler Company, of Chicago,
111., exhibited their steel platform and buffer for pas-
senger cars, National freight car coupler, National cen-
tering yoke, Hinson draft gear, Hinson drawbar at-
tachment, Hinson emergency knuckle, and were rep-
resented by S. W. Midgeley.

The National Malleable Casting Company, Cleve-
land, O., showed the Tower and Climax locomotive
coupler, Tower and Climax freight coupler, National
journal box and National car door fastener. J. V.
Davidson, F. R. Angell, W. E. Coffin, D. W. Call,
Maurice C. Pilson, J. H. Jaschka, S. L. Smith and
John W. Stephenson represented the company.

A. O. Norton, of Boston, otherwise known as "Nor-
ton, he makes jacks," exhibited ball-bearing lifting
jacks, journal,, bridge and track jacks, and was repre-
sented by Harry A. Norton and J. O. St. Pierre.

Mrs. W. B. Leach and Mr. A. O. Berry, M. M., of the
B. & A. R. R.

Mr. H. M. Perry.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

245

Mr. E. H. Gold, T. F. Downing and the Chicago
Car Heating Co.

Mr. G. H. Bryant — Mr. G. W. Greenwood.

The Philadelphia Pneumatic Tool Company, of
Philadelphia, showed a large and well displayed ex-
hibit of their chipping, calking and riveting hammers,
yoke riveters, rotary drills, breast drills, foundry ram-
mers, air hoists and complete pneumatic equipments;
also a Herron & Bury compressor. They were repre-
sented by Julius Keller, W. H. Keller, A. G. Hollings-
head, William Curtis, Harry A. Pike, A. M. McFar-
land, James L. Fanon and Edmund Bury.

The Pittsburg Spring & Steel Company, Pittsburg,
Pa., showed miscellaneous springs for locomotives,
cars, street railways and valve springs. They were
represented by D. C. Noble, L. C. Noble, H. A. Noble,
S. F. Krauth and T. N. Motley.

The Railway Appliances Company, of Chicago, 111.,
exhibited the Oldsmobile railway inspection car, for

which they have been appointed exclusive agents for
the United States for the railway trade of the Olds
Motor Works, of Detroit and Lansing, Mich. They
were represented by Geo. H. Sargent, B. T. Lewis and
Geo. C. Isbester.

The Rand Drill Company, of New York, showed
their steam, electric and belt driven compressors, com-
pound belt driven type 10 air compressor operated by
50-horse power Westinghouse motor, driven by a
Morse chain, with Cutler, Hammer Company starter
and pressure regulator ; also one type 10 steam driven
compressor, one type 11 electric driven compressor
and type 11 belt driven compressor, Rockwell oil rivet
forge. They were represented by F. M. Parson, F. M.
Hitchcock, Geo. A. Howells, J. D. Hurley, A. B.
Holmes, Clarence Peck, Cade Peck, O. S. Shantz, W.

Mr. J. E. Meek and the H. W. Johns-Manville Co.'s
Exhibit.

Isbester, Elliott and Cooper, Who Tins Year Is a
Thorn at i he End of Tun Roses.

246

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

The Mason Rgulator Exhibit and Messrs. Mason
and Morrison.

The Philadelphia Pneumatic Tool Exhibit, With
Messrs. Keller and Hollingshead.

H. Travers, W. E. Gilman, J. A. Prescott, R. O.
Hodges, F. C. Weber, M. DeF. Sample, A. M. Bos-
worth, E. M. Mackie.

The Safety Car Heating & Lighting Company, of
New York City, exhibited their car lighting and heat-
ing apparatus. The new features are fancy deck
lamps, bracket lamps and a steam heating exhibit in
cottage "L," showing all the latest improvements in
this line and buoy lantern. They were represented
by R. M. Dixon, D. W. Pye, William St. John, E. F.
Slocum, W. H. Hooper, J. M. Towne, J. S. Henry, A.
Sebold, F. A. Brastow and H. L. McMinn.

W. H. Salisbury & Co., of Chicago, exhibited their
new vestibule diaphragms. They were represented by
F. F. Bennett.

The Sherwin-Williams' Company, of Cleveland, O.,

left the chameleons at home this year, and instead
made a fine exhibit, showing "metalastic" paint, sys-
tem of car surfacing and painting, system of locomo-
tive finishing and samples showing rattan seat enamel,
full line of varnishes and paint and varnish remover.
They were represented by Thomas Madill, E. M.
Richardson, W. B. Albright, J. H. Eames and- F. A.
Elmquist. Their electric sign was a reminder by
night of the fact that they sell paint.

The Standard Car Truck Company, of Chicago,
showed models of Barber roller bearings for lateral
motion on trucks, and were represented by J. C. Bar-
ber and Lee W. Barber.

The Simplex Railway Appliance Company, of Chi-
cago, showed Simplex bolsters for 100,000, 80,000 and
60,000 pound capacity cars, Susemihl frictionless bear-

Miss Coffin, Mrs. Magraw and Mr, Brydon.

Around the Main Entrance.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

247

Mr. George A. Post, the Boss of the Pleasure Mill.

S. F. Bowser & Co.'s Exhibit.

ing brake beams for all service, coil and elliptic springs
for all classes of equipment. W. V. Kelley, R. P. La-
mont, W. W. Butler, Geo. C. Scott, Robt. Ripley, Geo.
C. Murray, F. L. Susemihl and Geo. C. Slaughter rep-
resented the company.

The Standard Coupler Company, of New York, ex-
hibited the Standard steel platforms, Sessions' stand-
ard friction draft gear, Standard couplers, and were
represented by G. A. Post, H. H. Sessions, A. P. Den-
nis, R. D. Gallagher, Jr., and J. S. Turner.

Templeton, Kenly & Co., Ltd., of Chicago, exhibited
their Simplex jacks, and were represented by W. B.
Templeton and Frank A. Barbey.

The Walworth Manufacturing Company, of Boston,
Mass., exhibited ratchets, Walworth injectors, Stilson
wrenches, stocks and dies ; pipe taps, pipe vises, pipe

cutters, nipple holders, Smith's railway track ratchet.
They were represented by Geo. E. Pickering and G. F.
Elliott.

The Washburn Company, of Minneapolis, Minn.,
showed freight couplers, flexible head passenger
couplers and switch engine couplers. They were rep-
resented by W. W. Rosser and Edwin C. Washburn.

The George R. Rich Manufacturing Company ex-
hibited the "Rich" improved drill chuck, and were
represented by Geo. R. Rich and R. Dale.

The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, of Pitts-
burg, Pa., were represented by H. H. Westinghouse,
E. M. Herr, John F. Miller, L. F. Purtill, E. D. Ad-
reon, H. S. Kolseth, S. D. Hutchins, Robt. Burgess,
A. L. Humphrey, R. H. Blackall, F. M. Nellis. They
showed the Westinghouse joint exhibit. Operating

American Brake Shoe & Foundry Exhibit.

Exhibit of Paul Dickinson, the "Smoke-jack Man."

248

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July, 1904.

The Buffalo Forge Exhibit.

Mr. F. D. Fenn of the Crane Company.

model of the Westinghouse combined automatic and
straight air brake for electric railway cars, with motor
compressor and electric pump governor ; operative
model of the Westinghouse magnetic brake; operative
model of the Westinghouse automatic air and steam
couplers for both freight and passenger service ; ex-
hibit of the Westinghouse friction draft gear.

Among the number of supply men who^ were in at-
tendance at the convention who did not exhibit were
John T. Brown, of the Damascus Bronze Company, of
Pittsburg; also W. B. Klee, president of the company.

The Falls Hollow Staybolt Company, of Cuyahoga
Falls, O., manufacturers of hollow and solid staybolts,
was represented by C. M. Walsh.

The Excelsior Car Roof Company, of St. Louis,
manufacturers of the galvanized soft steel "Excelsior"

car roofs, were represented by Frank B. Hart.

The Ewald Iron Company, of St. Louis, the well-
known manufacturers of "Tenn. C. C. Bloom" stay-
bolt, were represented by S. F. Sullivan, G. S. Thomp-
son and J. W. Place.

B. M. Jones & Co., of Boston and New York, agents
for "Taylor Best Yorkshire Staybolt Iron," were repre-
sented by G. H. Williams.

The Galena Signal Oil Company, while not exhibit-
ing at Saratoga, was well represented by S. A. Ma-
geath, J. S. Coffin, Col. Barton Grundy, E. W. Hayes,
J. C. Peabody, Col. E. W. Grieves, Fred A. Guild,
J^ S. Seeley, Alexander Turner, W. O. Taylor and E. H.
Baker. As usual, their souvenir was of the best and
everybody got one.

The Railway Materials Company, of Chicago, manu-

Exhibit Modern Tool Company.

Exhibit of the Gould Coupler Company.

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

249

Mr. John T. Brown.

Norton "He Makes Jacks."

facturers of the' Ferguson furnaces, were represented
by W. M. Simpson, George L. Bourne and T. B. Cram.

Thos. Prosser & Son, of New York, were represented
by Thos. Prosser, F. A. Barbey and G. C. Bryant.

The Rogers Locomotive Works, of Paterson, N. J.,
was represented by G. E. Hannah.

The Fabrikoid Company of Newburgh, N. Y., manu-
facturers of the "Better than Leather" goods, was repre-
sented by J. K. Rodgers.

The Wadsworth-Howland Company, of Chicago, also
known as "Carburet Black," was represented by R. T.
Brydon.

The Standard Pneumatic Tool Company, of St.
Louis, manufacturers of pneumatic tools and car roofs,
were represented by S. D. Anderson.

The Lowe Brothers Company, of Dayton, O., paint

manufacturers, were represented by Nat. C. Dean and
Charles Stannon.

The Consolidated Railway Electric Lighting and
Equipment Company, of New York, was represented
by John T. Dickinson, P. Kennedy and W. E. Kennedy.

The Niles-Bement-Pond Company was represented
by James K. Cullen, George F. Mills, Samuel Prince,
H. M. Reed and Frank B. Ward.

Heath & Milligan Manufacturing Company, of Chi-
cago, paint mannfacturers, was represented by Gor-
ham B. Coffin.

The Sligo Iron and Steel Company, of Pittsburg,
manufacturers of staybolt iron, was represented by Omar
S. Decker.

Warner & Swasey of Cleveland, O., were represented
by David Hunt, Jr.

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Just a Bunch— Messrs. Sharp, Garrett, Stimpson,
Bellman, Hamilton and Allen.

Exhibit of the National Malleable Castings Co.

250

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

Master Car Builders' Association

Thirty-Eighth Annual Convention

July 1904.

WEDNESDAY'S SESSION .

HE thirty-eighth annual convention of the
r, B < " Master Car Builders' Association met in
the ballroom of the Grand Union Hotel,
Saratoga Springs, New York, Wednesday,
June 22, 1904. President F. W. Brazier
called the meeting to order at ten o'clock,
and the exercises were opened with a
prayer by the Rev. Dr. Joseph Carey. In
his usual pleasant manner, Mr. Knapp,
president of the village of Saratoga, welcomed the
visitors and members of the association.

Mr. H. H. Vreeland, president of the New York
City Railway Company, and president of the New
York Railroad Club, was introduced by President
Brazier, and in an instructive and inspiring address
predicted the future relation between electric traction
and the present steam railways. An abstract of his
address is presented elsewhere in this issue.

In his presidential address Mr. Brazier referred to
the degree of progress attained by the association in
improving both freight and passenger cars, the har-
mony acquired among the different roads through the
rules of interchange, and the comforts now to be had
by the traveling public. All the developments brought
to mind by a review of car construction and design
since the inception of the Master Car Builders' Asso-
ciation reflects great credit to that body, to the Master
Mechanics' Association, and to the operating depart-
ments of railroads. He expressed the opinion that the
Master Car Builders and Master Mechanics' Associa-
tions should be brought together as one organization,
believing that the interests of the two associations are
not now sufficiently far apart to warrant separate
organizations. A number of valuable suggestions
were made regarding improvements and standardiza-
tions, which may be summarized as follows : The
adoption of a standard coupler; standardizing the
pivot pin and the material to be used in its manufac-
ture ; investigation of coupler side clearance ; a stand-
ard formula for journal bearings and linings ; improve-
ment in the quality of waste for use in freight and pas-
senger service ; an addition to be made to the require-
ments of the standard brake beam, calling for test
across line of the fulcrum ; the standardization of steel
freight cars ; the use of 40 and 50 ton capacity box
cars, from an economical standpoint; improvements
in uncoupling arrangements on couplers; adoption of
standard archbar truck; an adequate apprenticeship
system.

In view of the many interesting and important fea-
tures suggested and discussed, the address is repro-
duced in abstract on another page of this issue, in
order that the points of argument may be more readily
appreciated.

The secretary s report showed a total present member-
ship of 581, composed of 335 active, 217 representative,

10 associate and 19 life members. The total number of
cars represented in the association is 1,755,682.

The report of the treasurer, John Kirby, showed a bal-
ance on hand on June 15, 1904, of $3,469.38.

Having a large balance last year, it was considered
wise to reduce the dues to $3. This balance having been
considerably reduced, it was voted to again increase the
dues to $5.

Upon motion of Mr. R. P. C. Sanderson (S. A. L.),
the recommendations contained in the president's address
were referred to the executive committee for action in
the matter of committee work for next year.

The secretary read a letter referring to Mr. Casper
Wicke, of Chambersburg, Pa., in which it was stated that
after nearly half a century of service in railroad life he
had retired. The secretary reported that the executive
committee, at its meeting last evening, instructed him to
present to the convention for life membership the name of
Casper Wicke, Cumberland Valley Railroad.

Mr. Wicke was duly elected a life member.

Pursuant to notice given at the convention of 1903,
Article 3, Section 3, was amended to provide that private
car lines owning over 1,000 cars shall be entitled to rep-
resentative membership.

REPORT OF COMMITTEES.

Revision of Standards and Recommended Practice.

The report of the Committee on Revision of Standards
and Recommended Practice was read by Mr. W. P. Ap-
pleyard, chairman. In order to save time in the discus-
sion, the report was considered by subjects. With regard
to brake beams it was decided that the committee should
consider leading dimensions for standard form of brake
beam covering all clearances.

Inasmuch as the subject of safety chains for freight
cars is covered by a report of a committee on this sub-
ject of practice, the part of the report regarding safety
chains was ordered to lie on the table until the report on
safety chains should be taken up.

Those sections of the report to which no objection
was raised by the association were accepted and it was
stated by the secretary that the sections which were dis-
approved will not be included in the letter ballot.
Address of Mr. E. A. Moseley.

Mr. E. A. Moseley, secretary of the Interstate Com-
merce Commission, spoke to the association at this time
as it was expected that he could not remain to deliver
his address later in the meeting. He called attention to
a number of matters of mutual interest to the railroad
representatives and to the. commission, which are of vital
importance to the railroads, their employees and the pub-
lic. He directed attention to the recognition of the stand-
ards of the association, by the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, the desirability of clearer understanding between
the commission and the association and pointed out
several instances in which defects might be remedied.
The need of high braking power is a feature to which
the association could properly give its earnest and careful

July 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

251

attention, and he further suggested the desirability of
two air pumps on all locomotives designed to haul the
heavy freight trains common to-day. He believed that
this would largely do away with the necessity for cutting
out cars, the reason for which is often given as insuf-
ficiency of air. Two pumps would also give a substantial
feeling of security in case of the failure of one pump,
and believed the good results would more than offset any
additional cost.

The great necessity for a practical gauge for estimating
the wear of couplers was pointed out and he said that the
one adopted by the association is perhaps the most perfect
device that could have been selected for that purpose,
but it requires the separation of cars before it can be
used. The congestion of traffic that has prevailed at
almost all the principal terminals of the country renders
the use of the present gauge impracticable, therefore he
believed it clearly evident that an instrument which will
show approximately the wear of couplers when cars are
connected should be devised and put into use.

A matter which Mr. Moseley believed to be of great im-
portance is the set of rules governing the loading of long
materials. While this is perhaps outside the province of
the commission, he promised the aid of that body in secur-
ing the proper observance of any rules which may be
adopted by the association governing the matter. Before
closing, the speaker expressed his appreciation of the
opportunity to become better acquainted with the mem-
bers of the association, believing that great benefit would
be obtained in the advancement of the commission's work
by a pleasant relation between members of the association
and representatives of the commission.

Upon motion of Mr. G. R. Henderson it was decided
to appoint a committee to confer with the Interstate
Commerce Commission as was done last year.

REPORT OF COMMITTEES.
Triple Valve Tests.

The report of the committee on triple valve tests in-
cluded the report on the revision of air brake and signal
instructions. This report carries a revision of all the air
brake and signal instructions and there are changes
throughout the report. Inasmuch as the matter is neces-
sarily submitted to letter ballot it was decided to submit
the report to such ballot in the form in which it was pre-
sented, when the members will have an opportunity to
compare the proposed revision with the present rules.
Brake Shoe Tests.

The committee advised that there was no report to
make on this subject, as no brake shoes had been sub-
mitted for testing by manufacturers, railroad companies
or individuals.

In this connection Prof. Goss (Purdue University)
stated that shoes have been submitted to the university
and tested as a private matter, so that the machine of the
association has not been entirely idle during the year. He
attempted to excite the interest of the association in con-
ducting elaborate investigations and endeavored to induce
more activity in requesting roads to send in brake shoes
to be tested. In line with this suggestion Mr. William
Garstang (Big Four) offered a motion to the effect that
in the case of the representative of any railroad company

having any new shoes, that have not been tested, a
sample of the shoes be sent to the university, and that
the committee be furnished with the formulae of the mate-
rial in the brake shoes to be tested, and that the result of
the test of such shoes sent to be tested during the coming
year be made the subject for a report at the next meet-
ing.

Mr. R. C. P. Sanderson offered an amendment that
the Brake Shoe Committee include any other shoes that
they may know to be sufficiently important to investigate.
The motion as amended was adopted.

Test of M. C. B. Couplers.
The report of the committee on this subject was read
by Mr. W. P. Appleyard. Mr. W. E. Fowler (Canadian
Pacific) asked on what degree curvature the new contour
line of coupler was tested as there is at least one curve
of 22 degrees on his road. Mr. R. L. Kline (P. R. R.)
replied that the tests had been made on curves that gave
the 15 degrees allowed in the coupler and added that the
new contour line will not couple on a much shorter
curve than the old contour line. Some little discussion
followed regarding trouble from the wear of pin holes.
Mr. W. F. Bentley (B. & O.) believed that the users of
couplers would be much benefited by spending a little
more money by making a machine fit, if necessary, to take
up more of the clearance now allowed, saying that this
would result in less couplers condemned and a smaller
number of break-in-twos on the road. As soon as the
rough places are worn off it causes continual play and
wears the holes oblong, and for this reason couplers are
frequently condemned before they have given anything
like the amount of wear which they should. He expressed
the opinion that the clearance between the pin and hole
should be reduced. Mr. J.L. Lawrence (Cumberland Val-
ley) thought that the hole in the knuckle should not be
allowed to be cored, but should be drilled, as a true hole
can be obtained and the clearance reduced to 1-32 in.

Standard Location of Third Rail for Electrical Operation.

The report on this subject was read by the secretary,
the report accepted and the committee discharged.

Stenciling Cars.

The report of the committee on stenciling cars was read
by the secretary and accepted by the association.

Coupling Chains.

The report on coupling chains was read by Mr. R. P.
C. Sanderson, chairman. As there was some difference
of opinion among the members of the committee, it was
decided to continue the committee in order that a report
might be prepared embodying the views of all the mem-
bers.

THURSDAY'S SESSION.

REPORT OF COMMITTEES.
Air Brake Hose Specifications.

The first report taken up on Thursday morning was
that on air brake hose specifications. The report was
presented in abstract by Mr. Le Grand Parish, chairman.
On motion of Mr. A. M. Waitt, it was decided that the
committee be continued and he instructed bv the associa-

252

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

July 1904.

tion to conduct such tests, made as thoroughly and as
extensively as possible in connection with Purdue Uni-
versity, as will enable them to give definite data another
year on the subject of the life of hose and any other points
pertaining to it, and that these tests be conducted in con-
nection with hose made under the present M. C. B.
standard specifications and other hose made under the
modified specifications suggested by the Committee.

After some discussion of the report it was decided by
the association that the present M. C. B. standard speci-
fication should be abrogated and the specification sub-
mitted by the committee should be substituted in its place
as recommended practice for this year.
Draft Gear.

The report of the committee on draft gear was pre-
sented by Mr. Parish, who read the body of the report.
Mr. Sanderson expressed himself as strongly in favor of
the round back yoke, but thought better results could be
had by using a follower of a round back construction
made of malleable iron, in preference to using the wrought
iron flat follower and the filling piece referred to. He
believed that if the recommendations of the committee
were to go through as presented, it would practically
mean the use of a filling piece in the back of the
yoke. He thought the option ought to be recommended
to use a malleable iron follower, which will fill the round
back yoke properly. Mr. Parish concurred in this
opinion.

Mr. J. J. Hennessey (C, M. & St. P.) believed that
there were more failures to-day among the i^-in. rivets
than in any other part of the M. C. B. coupler. This
matter received some discussion, after which, upon mo-
tion of Mr. Hennessey, it was decided that the size of
holes in the pockets should be increased to 1^ ins. and
that the size of the tail piece should be increased y 2 in. in
width. The subject was referred to the committee on
standards with this recommendation.

Upon motion of Mr. Waitt, it was decided that the
suggestions which constituted the report should be re-
ferred to the committee on standards, with the request
that they canvass the matter thoroughly with the dif-
ferent roads during the coming year and come next year
prepared to make definite final recommendations.
Stake Pockets.

Mr. W. F. Kiesel (P. R. R.) expressed the opinion that
the pocket shown in the report was rather weak at the
top, where it is only }4 in. thick. He thought also that
the recommended size of temporary stake, 4 by 5 ins.,
would not allow sufficient clearance on many cars now
in service and stakes 4 by 4 ins. would therefore be more
desirable.

Mr. Ball thought the committee should have recom-
mended that the weight of the castings should not be
less than a certain amount, rather than a maximum, be-
cause the tendency is to make malleable castings very

The report was finally referred to the committee on
standards.

What Is the Best Preventive of Rust on Steel Cars?

Mr. H. S. Hayward, chairman, read the report of the
committee on prevention of rust on steel cars, and stated

that since the report had been made up some four or
five additional roads had sent in answers to the inquiry
sent out by the committee, but that these answers corre-
sponded very nearly with the replies received from the
other roads.

Mr. George W. West (N. Y. O. & W.) called atten-
tion to the mixture used by steel plate manufacturers and
steel car builders for marking dimensions, saying that
in many cases he noticed the only paint visible on cars
passing his line was that used for dimension figures. He
said also that the white lead used on locomotive
front ends was visible for such a length of time
that it must be mixed with some material having good
staying qualities on steel plate. Mr. Hayward had
noticed similar staying qualities in the marks on plates
of which boats were being built. From ship builders he
received the information that they used nothing but white
lead and linseed oil, made very thin and using just enough
lead to whiten the oil.

Mr. Sanderson called the attention of the association
to a method of protecting the steel underframes of cars
having wooden floors by using tar roofing paper under
the floor and over the steel sills and bolsters, held in
place from underneath by a light false floor, makingi a
regular umbrella overthe steel structure. He believed
this method would save much trouble in painting, clean-
ing, etc., after the cars had been in service some time.

Mr. W. M. Mcintosh (C. R. R. of N. J.) offered the
suggestion that the time to paint steel cars is when the
cars are being built. He said that if they are thoroughly
painted with good material at the outset, a foundation has
been laid that is easily taken care of.

The report of the committee was accepted.

Report of Arbitration Committee.

Under this head the rules of interchange, the report
of the arbitration committee and the report of the com-
mittee on prices for repairs of steel cars were considered.
The report of the arbitration committee was presented
by Mr. Hennessey, and upon motion of Mr. Sanderson
the association endorsed the decisions of the committee
in the cases which have been passed upon during the past
year. The rules of interchange were passed with the
amendments recommended by the arbitration committee,
omitting the hose specifications and excepting the prices
for steel cars.

Mr. R. F. McKenna (D., L. & W.) presented the re-
port of the committee on prices for repairs to steel cars,
reading the recommendations of the committee. Follow-
ing a discussion of prices, it was decided, upon motion of
Mr. Hennessey, that as the committee had been unable
to come to a conclusion as to the proper amount to charge
for repairs of 80,000 lbs. capacity steel cars as compared
with 100,000 lbs. capacity steel cars, it would be best to
appoint a committee to advise with owners of 80,000 lbs.
capacity steel cars and determine upon an equitable basis
for repairs. Following a number of questions addressed
by different members to the committee, the question of
prices was referred to the arbitration committee.

Upon motion of Mr. H. F. Ball (L. S. & M. S.), a com-
mittee was appointed to investigate the rules for inter-

July, 1904.

RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC

253

change of passenger cars submitted by the New England
Railroad Club and report at the next convention.
Outside Dimension of Box Cars.

Mr. W. P. Appleyard, chairman, presented the report
of the committee on this subject. Mr. H. La Rue (C, R.
I. & P.) asked the committee in regard to the distances
from the front of the end sill to the center of the truck,
with reference to inside or outside of end sill, or thickness
of dead wood. He believed that measurement should be
taken from the pull of the drawbar. Mr. Appleyard re-
plied that the majority of the roads from whom the com-
mittee received information used the dimension as given'
in the report. At the same time he agreed with Mr.
La Rue that the dimension should be given from the pull-
ing force of the drawbar.

INDIVIDUAL PAPER.

The Use of Steel in Passenger Car Construction.

A paper on this subject was presented before the asso-
ciation by Mr. William Forsyth (Railway Age.) The
paper is presented in abstract on another page of this
issue. Mr. Forsyth called attention to a number of inter-
esting features touched upon in the consideration of the
subject and the paper was opened for discussion. The
remarks of the president and the ensuing discussion evi-
denced a high appreciation of Mr. Forsyth's paper and
his suggestion that the steel car should be considered in
the list of subjects for the coming year, met with favor-
able comment. Mr. George R. Henderson thought that
good work could be done in the beginning by laying
down certain ideas or rules which" would be considered
good practice and which would assist in arranging a
standard design as the steel passenger car develops. He
suggested further that the committee appointed to con-
sider this subject could recommend to advantage what
might be termed a list of suitable trimmings, interior
finishings, etc., to give a proper appearance to the interior
of the car with a minimum amount of combustible matter.

Mr. H. F. Ball (L. S. & M. S.) said that if a committee
is appointed to go into the subject, he would like to see
them consider it in two ways — present a design of steel
underframing, including platforms and end frame, to
prevent telescoping, as many roads would adopt that con-
struction in the development of the all-steel frame car
and make use of it, and a design of an all-steel caY,
side frame as well as roof frame.

The paper was referred to the committee on subjects.

REPORT OP COMMITTEES.

Cast Iron Wheels.

Mr. William Garstang, chairman, read the report of
the committee on cast iron wheels, and recommended that
the committee's recommendations be submitted to the let-
ter ballot for recommended practice. The ensuing dis-
cussion evidenced appreciation of the work done by the
committee and the results accomplished. Following an
extended discourse on the subject of cast iron wheels, on
motion of Mr. Waitt, the report was referred to letter
ballot for adoption as recommended practice.

TOPICAL DISCUSSIONS.

What Are the Advantages or Disadvantages of 2-Inch Main
Steam Pipe with 1%-Inch Steam Hose?

This was the first subject taken up for topical discus-
sion. It was opened by Mr. Hennessey. His road had

experienced no little difficulty during the extreme cold
weather of the past winter in heating the last cars of
13 and 15 car trains with i^-inch main steam pipes.
Mr. Hennessey anticipated considerable difficulty in
coupling the larger hose and requested the experience of
other roads.

Mr. H. F. Ball referred to a test conducted last winter
on a 16-car train which demonstrated that it is possible to
heat that train with 30 pounds pressure, using a 2-inch
steam pipe, whereas it would require 80 pounds pressure
with the 1 ^2 -inch pipe. It shows that the 2-inch pipe is
better than the I'^-inch pipe. He went to the ify steam
hose and i 1 /^ coupling last winter, but notwithstanding
the severity of the winter he had better results than
previously, so that he is in favor of the larger pipe.
His road is putting on the 2-inch pipe as rapidly as pos-
sible, but so far have no trains running with the 2-inch
pipe in all the cars and therefore could not tell from
actual experience what it will do.

Mr. Garstang referred to some tests made a year or so
ago whereby it was demonstrated that with 13^ -inch hose
it required 70 or 80 lbs. of steam, and sometimes as high
as 90 lbs., to heat the sleepers on the rear of the train
when using i^-inch hose. With 1^8-inch hose he found
the pressure required was greatly reduced and 60 or 70
lbs. steam proved sufficient at all times.

Mr. Ball referred to the fact that there is no question
about the radiation inside the car, saying that 2 lbs. pres-
sure will heat the car satisfactorily. The trouble is in
getting steam back to the rear cars and the damage
done to the hose by high pressure. He added that his
road had derived great benefit from the increased size of
the coupling in the hose and expected to derive still
greater benefit from the use of 2-inch pipe in connection
with larger hose and coupling.

To What Extent Does Friction Draft Gear Reduce Repairs,
Expenses, Etc.?

A discussion of this subject was presented in a paper

by Mr. E. B. Gilbert, read by the secretary.

To What Extent Will a More Rigid Inspection of Car Couplei s
At Terminal Points Reduce Accidents and Repairs?

This subject was opened by Mr. James Macbeth (N.
Y. C. & H. R.), who directed attention to the necessity
of the closest inspection of couplers and attachments to
avoid break-in-twos because of the trouble, expense and
inconvenience of such accidents. He believed that inspec-
tions should be made not only at terminal points, but also
wherever inspectors are located, and wherever it is pos-
sible for inspection to be made. In the discussion which
enued the advisability of a gauge and the necesity of
closer inspection were brought out.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Different Varie-
ties of Side Bearings Now in Use.

A paper, contributed by Mr. L. H. Turner and read by
the secretary, opened this subject. Following some re-
marks by Mr. George L. Fowler regarding a number of
tests made by himself on an electric line, the next question
was taken up.

Cannot the Present Method of Securing Spring Pockets to
Couplers for freight Cars Be Improved Upon?

Mr. Ball believed that inasmuch as the number of
spring pockets is increasing »o largely in practice with

254

RAILWAY MAST£R MECHANIC

July 1904.

the introduction of friction draft gear and the variety of
tandem spring gears, some form of pocket could be ar-
ranged which could be removed at the small interchange
or repair points. By having such a pocket and attach-
ment, which could be removed from a coupler that was
taken out on account of defects and applied to a new
coupler, would save shipping in this coupler to the
larger repair point or shops to have coupler pockets re-
moved and put on other couplers.

Mr. Ball also showed a blueprint of a design of coupler
having a flexible connection between the coupler and
pocket, which would allow greater lateral motion of
couplers.

The matter was referred to the committee on subjects
with a view of making it a special subject for next year.

Brake Beams — The Proper Hanging of Brake Beams to
Secure Brake Shoe Clearance.

In opening this subject the trend of Mr. W. E. Fowler's
remarks was with regard to brakes hung from trucks.
He thought tbere should be no divergence from the
opinion that the only proper place for attachment of the
brake hanger is to the truck, and to that part of it not
affected by spring movement, this being necessary to
secure uniform piston travel and breaking power.

Stronger Draft Gear for Passenger Cars — Wherein Should
Present Practice Be Modified?

In opening this subject Mr. La Rue showed a blue-
print of a casting devised to strengthen the draft arrange-
ment used with wooden draft timbers. He believed the
ideal arrangement to be one in which the first '}i inch of
the travel of the drawbar should be comparatively easy
or about the same as the present 8-inch spring. The
balance of the travel should go up in strength very quick-
ly and much stronger, the above operation to suit both
light and heavy trains, and also the space occupied by
such an arrangement should be but a very little